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Timber Ridge Rockfall Mitigation info 102910
s C O M P A N I E S 820 Megan Ave. Suite #A Rifle, CO 81650 (970) 625-4157 (970) 625-4981 fax October 29, 2010 Town of Vail 75 South Frontage Road Vail, Colorado 81657 Attention: George Ruther- Director of Communitv Development RE: Rockfall Mitigation above the Timber Ridge Apartments in Vail, Colorado. Dear Mr. Ruther, Per your request, we are providing rockfall mitigation recommendations for the Town of Vail for the rock outcrop above the Timber Ridge Development and Lyon's Ridge Loop Road. Within the next year the complex will be reconstructed and Che Town of Vail desires to protect the new structures from future rockfall activiry. These services are being provided in accordance with our proposal #2010-725REVISED dated September 8, 2010. The purpose of this investigation was to investigate this rock outcrop in detail from a closer view point order to generate a more comprehensive stabilization plan for this area and to provide recommendations in respect to various treatment techniques and estimated costs. This document is based on the Hepworth-Pawlak Geotechnical Engineering report: Vail Timber Ridge Redevelopment Project Conceptual Rockfall Mitigation Options, detailed site reconnaissance, and our experience with similar rockfall conditions and mitigation work throughout the Rocky Mountain Region. Yenter Companies' investigation started with video taping the entire length of the outcrop utilizing a helicopter. Once the aerial reconnaissance was performed, a visual inspection was performed on foot with the individual rock features of concern inspected in respect to stability and respective stabilization technique of choice, if deemed necessary. Each of these boulders was photo�raphed and cataloged for future reference. This visual inspection was limited to approximately the same area as defined in HP Geotech's report on Figure 9- Anchored Steel Mesh Stabilization (option 4-Outcrop Stabilization) so that we could provide a more respective, 1:1 cost relationship for the Town of Vail of the various mitigation techniques for the defined area above the Timber Ridge Redevelopment Project. Rockfall Miti�ation Techniques HP Geotech's report identified five (5) separate mitigation options. Three (3) of these options consisted of a Wire Rope Net (rockfall fence). One of the fence options was on the Timber Ridge side of Lyon's Loop Road (below the road). There was also an MSE barrier option which was on the same alignment as the one fence option below the road. The last option presented by HP Geotech was Anchored Steel Mesh applied to the entire outcrop. In respect to these options, it is our understanding that the Town of Vail has many reservations in respect to a Rockfall fence based on public feedback. Based on Yenter's rockfall experience and past construction of each of these techniques, we easily dismiss the MSE barrier option as being non-constructible based on the space required versus the space available for this technique. Also, the fence option below the road would be extremely obtrusive based on the location and size of the fence and should also be dismissed. The two uphill fence options still provide a reasonable solution to mitigate rockfall. However, the fence alignment immediately below the rock outcrop (furthest uphill) would be the most expensive as the only access to deliver the heavy fence materials would be via helicopter. Based on our initial site observations from the street level it did not appear that the entire outcrop was absolutely in need of steel meshing which was, at that time, the option the Town of Vail was most interested in. An estimate of this area leads us to believe that the area defined in HP Geotech's report is approximately 132,000 square feet. Under rough terrain conditions such as those present on this hillside it would likely require up to 1.5 times that amount, or almost 200,000 square feet of inesh to the "contour" the slope with �nesh to completely contain the outcrop. Based on that initial observation, Yenter proposed a more detailed inspection that typically leads to other, lesser options in respect to amount of ineshing/stabilization coverage and costs. However, it is important to realize that although one option may be less expensive than another, each option also provides a different level of protection as well as a different level of risk to the owner (Town of Vail). Yenters' up-close review of this outcrop was very informative. It is very obvious that the entire slope does not need steel mesh as much of this outcrop is a very solid, tight bedrock formation with little to no fractures present in most areas. Many of the individual rock features we witnessed from the air were not as unstable as they appeared after a ground level inspection was performed. There are some rocks that we do have a concern for that should be considered for stabilization. There are several common approaches that can be utilized for stabilization of individual rocks/boulders. These options range from drilling and bolting smaller boulders in place to applying a mesh drape and anchors at specific points around the perimeter of the larger features. In any event, the isolated treatment of specific features would be far less costly than globally meshing/bolting the entire outcrop. However, this approacb of treatment of isolated features does not provide the global protection from weathering/fracturing of rock over time nor does it consider rocks smaller than 24" in diameter that can be dislodged during freeze/thaw cycles, severe weather events, or disturbed by wild animals and/or rodent undermining. This isolated treatment approach would need to be performed on a periodic basis as new fractures become apparent as well as the possible destabilization of some rocks by animal traffic and rodent undermining. A detailed, photographic review of the rocks/features that we reviewed on this section of slope is attached. Summary of Stabilization Options Yenter Companies conducted a close up site investigation/analysis of the outcrop to review in detail the specific features that present a hazard or lack there of so as to provide a cost/risk analysis of the different viable options for mitigation of potential rockfall from this slope. We have concluded that there are three options for rockfall mitigation of this outcrop: 1. Mesh the entire rock outcrop (approximately 200,000 square feet of inesh). 2. Individual Stabilization specific large rocks and/or small areas. 3. Install a rockfall fence, 1,000 feet in length on top of the brow upslope of Lyon's Ridge Loop roadway. Based on Yenter's experience of rockfall mitigation, meshing and bolting this entire rock outcrop would be the most expensive option. The mesh would be highly visible for the first few years until regrowth of the vegetation occurs. The visibility of the mesh would fade over time and would never be as obvious as a rockfall fence. Most of the rock outcrop is stable making the mesh unnecessary, however, it is an effective mitigation approach for rockfall events for both large and small rocks. Based on our review of the terrain and the work required, meshing and bolting of the entire outcrop would cost about $7-$10 per square foot, or $1,400,000 to $2,000,000. Stabilizing specific large rocks would be the most cost effective and the least visually obtrusive option. This option would mitigate catastrophic damage from a large rockfall event, but will not eliminate the chance of damage from small rocks that could move down the slope in severe weather or from animal assistance. This option would need to be performed annually so as to ensure continued protection from natural changes to the outcrop as well as the possible destabilization of some rocks by animal traffic and rodent undermining. Based on our review of the amount of rocks we have currently observed that we would choose to secure, we estimate the costs to be approximately 5% of the cost of "fulP' slope meshing, or approxilnately $70,000 to $100,000 The last option of consideration is the installation of a rockfall fence on the brow of the cut immediately above Lyon's Ridge Loop roadway. Based on HP Geotech's review, this fence would be about 1,000 lineal feet. The height of this fence would need to be 11 feet tall with a strength of 1,500 kilojoules. As determined by computer rockfall simulation programs that indicate that this fence provides ] 00% containment of the simulated rockfall. These fences are designed to contain both large and small rocks. However, computer modeling has its limitations and can only approximate the variables of the actual site conditions and/or potential rock sizes and cannot assure 100% mitigation from rockfall. It is obvious that this option would provide much mare protection than individualized treatment and we believe that it would provide nearly the same level of protection as full meshing of the outcrop. The fence would be highly visible from the road, but almost out of view from the residential homes above the rock outcrop. Many of these fences are also painted a natural color to blend in to the surrounding environment to further minimize their obtrusive appearance. These fences can go several years without needing any maintenance or repairs even under reasonable rockfall catchment activity. Based on the size and location of this type of fence, we estimate the cost to be approximately $380-$435 a lineal foot, or $380,000 to $435,000. Conclusion Rockfall are sporadic and unpredictable. Because of the multiplicity of factors affecting such an event, it is not and cannot be an exact science that guarantees the safety of individuals and property. However, by the applicaCion of sound engineering principles to a predictable range of parameters, and by the use of properly designed protection measures in identified risk areas, the risk of injury and property loss can be substantially reduced. The routine inspection and maintenance of any system is necessary to insure the desired protection level. There are several possibilities for Rockfall mitigation of the outcrop above Lyon's Ridge Loop road. We have detailed several different options with associated budgetary costs as well as risk/containment levels. Under such circumstances, it is the owner's choice of which risk level they will be comfortable with and at what expense they can provide a reasonable level of safety of individuals and property. As a specialty contractor that installs various Rockfall mitigation features/structures around the state of Colorado and the Rocky Mountain Region, we are aware of the most practical means/methods of installation and associated costs. The budgetary costs contained in this report are only assumptions based on typical, industry standard methods used and we make no warranty either express or implied. This report has been prepared exclusively for the Town of Vail and is an evaluation of the potential rockfall risks, mitigation options and budgetary cost information associated with the rock outcrop in question. If there are questions or if we may be of further service, please call our office. Respectfully submitted, Yenter Companies, Inc. ��. Todd J. Pyle Vice President-Project Administration VAIL TIMBER RIDGE ROCK OUTCROP ROCKFALL ASSESSMENT VAIL, COLORADO INDIVIDUALIZED TREATMENT OPTION This option consists of securing specific rocks on the slope that pose the greatest risk of moving downslope. The following pictures show examples of these. � , � �„ � -:,..� � .. � .,. �y s � � � ��� � ��� ��� �- �-� � �. �� � :� ,� � ,�;,� � . ..+��,.. w .�� �t �Q . °v"�' fr� � 4 . '�` # =-w �`. .iai.:.a ��. � �° �� ��.� k 'nR 4 t �. � .� '°'' ,�., Figure 1 .� : i q=°� �� 5: �z ' ,. �~`' � �� �lkt�.: i'����'" �� r..".G�_ ,� ' ,eiA+�;l r,: �;, ,� �`, Nr",-rf � �'�,�'.'��'+ o a , �v«+,';��? , 4 �� � �.;� ��.,,�` � . � Figure 2: Appears stable at this time—continue to monitor �� �� 1 ���,� 4� � � � .� arr a, :� � ,� .. ��,� � � � 5 . `. - t � � � ' �� ':" _ .' .�4'�[ � y _ .M. �� . �•;'��1i �- t �;;� �-' ,• - .�,• � ssv �� � •s.;�.� ' . < �` • �' .w;� ,. � � � ,. . � • _ �, ' '„� ;,� � � R � � . :, � � ' � N �7 . y '� • . . y � . «�4y����' J" r a � ,,y;,p� � � , �" ,Ye,. •�F�,ui�x �, w: SSL rr�S �r � , � i i"�" ` � �3°'`' � � .a, ���'. . �� � °. a t-. lyr��`� �'��� �� `�r�# �t�' � � 4'6� ����' .. � � � C r.a .� a s .. �,u�� yt` . �,>.� � .�: �A � .. c�. e ,� t,S s�, ' ! �'W� M+ <.a _ql�,"�`tl� .. r' 3.�. �r � .'��..i ' � .� 3 � .. . e + � ,� . 3�1/ .,�3}��.: � . Figure 3: Appears stable at this time —continue to monitor ,�,� � �;J �°'� ;'�� �i ''� "�: . �; "-��,}�.� �'� y4 t , t $ 't'. : b?9�, • �.. -. :. . � �'� ��e�.�.,. � ' � � �,�� � ". '� `,� ��.. � s ;} .�? ,� , � � t' „� �� �Y * t'�; e t > � P, ��� . ��, .�x: b, ��„� ���� v.�� �z� �§+� { �� g �'. � � ���, s, � r�p!�a' �,-, ,� r�•yt �� �• ��� ��%t ,* �r�., � �.� � '� ��.� � � ;•i.,��t7�Yk � }%R . ��. � . . ;f' �,'>�, „r y ^}��4 � � ��' : a✓ , . � � '. . � .. � � s , �+�` ;3� , r � 4 :� } ,:�'"'� ` �. � "k , � � a ' �" "�- ��"y'�+� a±'� ,��s� "k.F'. �.,�`� �• �,�ih'A �'.� �� - �, ea d ' - k :.`Z ��• _ ''" �� , ' ' y,��*iy' � .� R � ,7�..� � � t+5'�..c�,.. ���y�� 4 �� � � `��� . . ' �� � �r .+ , a, . . �� r � �� i� r�p�� ��'. �� ��,n�� rt1 $� . . r. . i+�.�+r a ' 'j e�y' , ' . •i �pf"jv, iw.. � ���' $` W `,`,� e'�.� �' . . r. 1�� ' „ '�j �t\�_ t ' �� ���#�� �'•��' �s `J�. *� �? " � Y '� ,�`�r: .� _ . , � w� s:`� '"�� . . Figure 4: Appears stable at this time —continue to monitor �� ,� �` �.� , �� ;'+"�' ,� '�a� � �� �+� �` � ��*"s �'a�'r, &. � . a`�� � � � - ,� . * �Y e�Y €- ���., �� ,,x «'.! t�� t+�,; }.sy ���!�,�,� '�- . . �' !. '� ;,;� � .�� � � r"� ��� -�� � � ��� ��� �"�'� � �:.,� C{ � �� � �" �` • , . � .�' K- ���±�`�� � : � � �. �. , R ;�, . ��_�� r }� ��f ��;. x;� �~ ��, a���,��x. ����r f ~ ,+• ? " �i�� .���i��°}�>�♦ i i «. � �Yr`�t��� f��4"`?a�� � � Figure 5: Appears stable at this time —cor�f ,u� t '�c,r , �"�"�"�`- �n, �x -� P . s "� '�� � ,�` .� "`� � f-4.�:. 1— '„�ry ' ` ;:�` , � � � .. � � �t� .._ � -� { � �°� � � , � #� ����I,�a� � :�:i k� � � � � .. �d �. ..% f � .� �. w" � '�;; { � xF���^ �.. � �� �'. &� "s i.�' . `* t# . �� r' '� ,•'�. s % �* �' v��.* �»���'�'::•.,� �� .. `��,�rs i � �¢�.a ,�r ��� "`9� x �`" �'M'jr2 a� s °t�=f `M°� ,t, .. y ` � �° � - # ,�' ix '� � nt; .r�, �.'�� . ", ,„,�;�� �a �'' � e "?,�+� {� �h.�, � t � h i1�,1 � .i � �y � **' �G � X +si i �'� � I f'.. �. ��f; . �� '�' .��l,�� ` ' 4... .r� �' "" * F a ,�'c�+yt„ar � . . ';`�,.�, :''� �y.Yd P� X . �� 'xI �.�fi'{. .. 1�J� ✓ :.�y '�1�.�� �„� a Figure 6: Appears stable at this time —continue to monitor ��$�;� � �'��t � �}� " A� �� � �� � � ���I' � ' , S��' � � i !g �a :ra ^ �y � �$ i +*� r� �� �} �� � � � ' �, �.� .�� ��. ���£�, a' +A #�� ` ,� ,�_ �� � f� �'� .*.f..- '� - � ��� ;� � .� , , ;,�� t��. :�'� r� � - F � � ��' % ��'6�� }'�` 'd; �! ��� ����� � �♦ �. �` �. �� �; ��r..'� � �# � + �. � v •, � t�,� i. � � � \ «� x '^� � � �,{��t " � ' � �3 "; ^"°*� �si�' ,��,-', . i � ,� . "` :T .i";, : �, I' .ry t.� ��.�. ' , . ..�. "�r � � .:. �i' �f � �� �^. � t' �y�' ��:�.- ,]y!� ,r ��bF'` !�li� � ."R . . *'Y�� � � � .# 7� .� T .�'�Id.� �� _ ����; �� � � �.' � r��f � � �, � � ,Wy� *��.�. ' !r� , �, � ) ,A v��' �.� .r _.{pl �'�''�`, �; . � f ' / * � x. 1. � . ° � �1 . �.r ' ¢ . ! �194 ;J i �R ���.a. � r �+C �i � �'� i4 i�, � S � �. M;��� } 't,, . �)+� i � • �"` @� �,�. +�`. . �° t }, • N �i � )k �. ✓ c°� ��.�5� �s ,� /'j 1' 4.`.,p '! ) t'.w'��ir ��h�a., ��+�- k�"�� ¢ �Ir � � �qN�"'�y�•; ����� � � ��� ? ,�, /°� " ��' � �� ��`� �� r � Q �.Y'� .� �....�i ;'.e `�" ,'*#M 3"� �., ! d� �,y3t �'7� t'�X' "k %,. "rr��.►(q;j�.������ :ir�sr'�.,'E;?.+���p:�w�! ft.�' ai�. ��. Figure 7: Granite landscape rock presumably from house above. Appears stable at this time. .� � ` �a �. a � �:�.'°�& ,�� .. � � - iii�,;.... i= rtl�. - � ' ---�.�.+.�.. �� ��,, . � .>�, �y� 't ...�w� ylkl ' .. � � � �' �� `� -�.;. �.� � �'" ��" � ,� > � A. � . �,. ` r , . .:, , v � � • � �- � : �k ;r �• .�,G" " �+'. ,r. � �� �°� , .. � �, �� • �.� :��e � " � �"`",�n., . � �� # : � , . . �, . � ���.. r� s � . �� : r - �, " �� ���� , � �"�+', � � � �� � . � * �'� � t � 's� �' � �� ,�� ° > � � �' ` �,�-' �+� <, -� ,. q,�i �' �, 'p' , ��. - , � � � � ��� ��� � � t. x . : � r , , �� ,� � � . �. �, ,�;� � � �� : � .i'`,� �,� �� . .� �. ;. � , � �` . s�.. w � � � ��� � b �-�. � n - : �. � . . , * u, � .�,,� �.� �ry _ �. , �-� � y _ � � : � � � ,� � .�� �� ` � +�+ � � � � ,;.;. ��. � :�,� ��� �� ���. � � . =»=� � � �¢ � � . �, r. � � �, �� + �� � ��� ° � =� �,, � � ��� �• � ,. ,� _. . ��,.�r � , � "`, A � , : .�' � ' �, � �. ,��: � - �;� - ��� ��-� � +�� � ` � a'�,: � �� �. �'�"" � _ y� �,� �q � „,` �t � �,.' � � ��� � � ��� � �r,, �" `"�''� ,'�'.�� �� � , � '�� � , ; � '� �'� � ` � � � _.���� ��� � �� �, � � ,�' � �� � w ,� ` a ' r � �" -���� �, � q ��' , i�� , ' �K x '� `�'�. - � �" �« � , ., - � � .„�*1�, � � � �'� � � �'"'r „w : „�� �� p�t�� � � .� = t� • n� " . • �.. , � x �� �` . ���`''� . ` �' � » :' �� *�. �`�Sr. k„ ' , w � � � "� s�- ``"'" �'" `�wr"� � �' M6f,� d lR., .�* ,,, �,� � �. ? � a. �..' .�. ° ,�`:xr>. s :t.s _ ..> _ Y .�t.._ " �. - . .. de. �:. . ..a� � 3�.. "�,.'', . .. � Figure 8 �. � ''� r � � Wa �t° fj , . . ,'k�. ,� T� . r . �: . � � y .. �; �;,. �� , �. �, ,�a ��.: �r` ,.:.o': M 7,� +�.� �. � : �w`.�-��` � :� � '. j�r.` �-. y�� �� ;x j� . 'T J!� ;� i 1, ,� i� s =� , ,�.r' � �Wx., �� ; r,,,tx :. A&c ' ., s� i � ,� F*�u, �+�y' ..�r�.,_ p �� r� .:, �'� , �„A�at.t, � . �. . ufi Y� q,/�,�� '�� . ` ���;x•4 � � . i'P Y #} � �. . . , S� r � . _ � � ; �t' ' ' � . } o -�' #� y ! ' �y � - "-� �� . � r a�'Y.�A}; #� a.'� �. a � .. �''� ��i ,t "J �, ��� ,. � � . s c>��_r. ��� .M"' �f r,�,�-�n,y,� � . � � � `'+1',• � .t �/�. ��� . �' ��.t � , - . a � � �+ a� , ��` �P ' ��", ���# . �'; +ti , � + � r .� f i � ' 1 'rJ,.. ~' tk¢�" �; .�. �. �a S" K .�, �#.. - . l 3 4 W�� �„p}A�A tl` ,� A � � .._k'� � .►p '�,N iv" i � �,��i'a � • { �'. � �" ! r _ .? � ��1 � r?":g r � ;. �`- y + '�`.. #� � a y+ ' .,� .��. r �,. � �su � *�' �''�r °r �s'� � ����� �� +� � � +�r' t �"'ty ���� f �qs� � a . � � 1 `°t. . X "...IK. �i.94i,: � 2F N � � __ _`_ 4KO�:k bolting/securing in place suggested. ,� , ,,. _,�,�,�,► �... � � ,� ,; .° �� • � A ; �,,�� - �wa ^=` �� ;� ' � ;,i � .d' � 1 fi���./' r �� �,, q � "i �. ,�� (!a- f,� � ��,� � } � � � ��\:�� � �i.' :t a`�' �i�f �€'t '" � + ` 1 4 "�'ty� ���'' � � ::. � a i �., � {'�' � � ` �� � �� �}`�y�k � � s i r �i��r � ` + t � s � � � �':"� �1 4 ,i ' �rt'� � x, 6 4. �. ., a•l�.�'�,� . �'1� '", f 1 �,1 • ; � k `. 8'. • y: ��� o f Cy �� i y� y t � �� � ��� P �. { F �� �t ?� . � y�S "tad�� �. � M1 0 �r� �e , . , t �'.'� .i let } �: �-r# E+^`Y.'. .M. f � 9� �. a.r. r , g�a + ", _ ' r� A �{ .. � � t .p t ` a+ � a Rs,+r/' _d .tM �� �y� ���# ' �'�y'�'1 �. ��1���� r �� �^'3}..� �,. c �y � a��"rr �. E .!'. ""� �- �> �..� L `�.` i'� Figure 10: Anchored mesh suggested to contain multiple fractures/fragments. y % ���_ y �� ..i ,�� �, � ��+ ' � P .. ,. �" �d.,�,e �:: � � Y''�.. r r , s m x. " F ��^tQ� "*�`k� > �. ' . �i „ ' " ' ,# .��,. � � _ � � '�� � , - »�. � `s ,... > � � � _ , � ,�• , , t , ,: � � ' . . �f : �:.,�, ,� �� J;�.+�"_w�"li �X t - _� E ' � 5 4 �.�k I� r. qg., �, z g[ ya�� *��d J � T�ii �� � l^ �� � Ae ;n � � �" .,�; � � � k'i" $� . > .... "'' , �� � �,� 'l�' � 4 .� � �' .'� � �� � � + rr , � �•. � '�j�=` w � ��.�*�� � ,.� �,.w� � � � `���`� �,�Y '�,nA �"+M�rm Y� �� :��' � .�'yk yi�' � � �4 � . � s �„ x "` N . � -rf � ""� � �' � � �' �� � . � f +�-" � } °�'" �- � �' ,.a �# :: k „ � . • a , ; `�" � ,r � ,„��. �. z r c� ��, r � x F ,. �. „�; , . , r � � �- . ,. ' ��� �t V ,µ � x �, �..��.,�. � r�. �: ,�� �„ � ,�"`. �. , � .� ; � � � ,� �� , � �, 'rt-� .: � r. � � ��: ' � � � +' � +„� �,, Y �� � 6 � � . � � _, �� • � � �' �j � +� � y � � � �.-�. '� � W �w �i► .. tg L t � # +1 �'�', � ` � t � f _ �6` ',�",� ` ". r � R . z . '" ,,w � ` � . R�, P "`�ffi . w:�� �� .�� ���5&� i" �" � ,.:. e. � �� � . ...� '� `, �..� .. � �:. . � f y�����. - Ms..fdM' . �R� YsS� � . �"�TM"'� '�' .° y� 44 k. ` `?� �g .d pa. � M`�' � a "��`' `A[ �'' ,y, " +4. r� A�!'�` ��° _ .w. . , s. � � ��� *�;� � � ,,� �,. .1 � "1�.., '"«, �, ri .�" �,� [ "i �. � �,�„'�' � 3 ����: � ��� � `� E��; T' �.,� -� � .�. „�� - ., w z� ' �� ,:' �; . .� � '��„``� �.. ., .� � � c� '�. ' �. 't ��, � ;��•„� 4 � L� + _� , � � � �� �.. - - `� , � . r � , ; '� �`,,,�i,`�,� ,"'�.� � � u E ,. "�,„ , � �. , , ��. , �. .� � � - s .� -. � �� � y,� � '-� �' �� µ� 'a'� � � ��" m�� � � � �` ` t �"3�' r w � �' �. `, a . ,. Figure 11 v �£ �; . �,i � ` b d� � '$, .w,. � ,� '.k-�� . {� � . �. �J . t"„±, . i.:_N' � � , �'.; , � _ ,�„�..� � ;�,�,�y� ,: �. '.. �,. : ... w „��r, � , � �: � �x�� � � ��� �, �� � " � � �,�.�,�'' � � F �a���"„�'": ° � ' .z .. � �. `�`� r��� ir� /� ax. � _� i�" Y �, # . E j��ih � a:: � t . .ifi' -N. ! � �.�: {I �} ' ' � a . , �"r��F� � .. s�.*..�.• , a ,fi �.�9� L .:b�^ g� .. �, C�$�"J �* � t ��'Fp'� �F ' AF' „''� P � ' + �� � rl f s k�o � ��� } ' ��; , � `� . . � . * ; � y 1� R � '� i � , ` �`'4' ' +� � r 1� "� � � � 3 . . � 7 : , � � t�,�; tF !� � 4 i .'� � ��r ±Y ,��,� f A P �{�i� + ��. � �- i` (��� � � • '" �. YIlf � �� <�� � � �P.�j� r� � �"�%� � � ' . li�'` � n. � � .i4� 'F r1r r/f we�i .� � ��f��. t ,i ta '��",t x- F �� � � . �P�� � �.�i. � , �'�=�.:�.�i��� t � �z` �� . " , . . ' Figure 12: Rock bolting suggested to prohibit any future movement. ! , i�`�� � s �� � i � � a � ��� � ,� �'� a ,� � r � � � . '� '� �� °',����;� i�g, � � ;j,� t � , . � i� ,e. �. �'r � \ .. ;�s � ,�, ,. °' ����! 'I r ��� ! '.»` f'�d i'��,!�,,..��� �°���_.t. ��I�'✓,�����{,. �i ,t � � ''�y�� !� '�t� �� ��'�t ' ;�?-,�� ��'-������. �... � �'<�, � � �:�,,;,. y��l%�'l�" /1Y• �*' � y f 'y,,r . �'°.` a� e�' ��li'i.*'�P,'."^.�. .: " �,'�''��� `1 tr . . �` Figure 13 Rock bolting suggested to prohibit any future movement. (same rock as Figure 12) ;.,� _� � � • t' + • ��'��� `�a . ,,�y � , 6. �` ` . �. �� + ' �l �. �%" . N. S.� 7 � / k . :� 1 j( � .. � � . ,�?� � .:'�$' , t � ,i� � ,�' _ �r" ,��, �� � � . ' � j � e° .Y � � �. N � ." f � �� '.�'�� ; �"" r-�'' �� � �t r ��i �� �_� �a �,,;r�. ,8 � G��. •:� , •Y N �. � p`�'� �'V� t � �� F }� h.u. , . . . .. . � � r ' . � _ ��� ��� ' o� �� r` ��ur id � � s ��iv � �� '' d<� �� 1�i., ti �y ,�, �,t . i� � v •� ��•}� ..; #$ ! t ���� t� � , '�' °�pk w + `'7 � . �5 � ,` � . t r � 5! y ,� � � �r'� �t #� i. � �i'.. p� '�� �t a s* �. �d I � lo:� �+ r .� 1' ���` ,,tr" �„� � ea �`' �, r�y "�, x ••� �A. e � 1 � ; rt. ,�! a l*4,a. ;�w i`� : g r r ;6� s �.fi.' S � ` � a ! i ���� �.. t °` -'r re�:�� ''#: y x.i �A P � � H ���, ��_ o , .�i.e r�;� , p'�'re,f � . , .. , r ; r/i� rr B � �,�: '� . � . ♦ t�,r,i#��,y �?t� �� �' .�,y� ��Pa�.�s�`' y �'� , ^� � .lP�' { ��' i t�fi��,�+,'��s� v3�+'�'; r� �"� ..� .� '4; 3�r s �'�, ��1�, *� �' �!��. _�`'" Y�� r#,�s�,. ' +�4e x_ � " ' Figure 14: Rock bolting suggested due to extreme slope angle in this area. .. -.�.�..�.,�: - �.„,�,: i.� �- � �_;� ��` . Figure 15: Cementing in place and/or rock bolting suggested. . �r�k ;+k'. �� q r ��. r���� � �� ��,v N� .;ir.�'� ��..�r'"' 'yR.�.� .M` z : � _ ,ti �'. ,°� s°+4r'r � ��� � �"� �'-� °!s „� � `x ,��,� �ie t�� : .� l � �-. � „-�+�r' `��* r ' x � � ��t ii'�• ��:'"• � . � `}`� ' ��T��1 i` �.i . F3 ",.., y.. � 5+fi, . +� °� . •}� ' .. r. �-'.#*� . i .`� � t . `f,.:.�. , 3 �.*......�t- . . � y,;�'}�. �� .n �.� i . . �n L �T" : � M a ., \ . . . ' t � �;� _ X ,y"r �PY J " i ' J � � X 1�O�St. w y v : �. '• �x&£ "' � .1'� # �,� _. . .: 4 y..: Mn , . . > ys ; � y � � ' a �. . i �wF ^Fy � .+�r. �� �fo,� . �.i � .'ta � .�. ��.+/1��� }'. .+`�' '' �.�,Y ¥ 1 �� !N�l. *�' ��k3 � .. . � 'y t � ,,� �( j,{�{�j -dt�,�.� ' .'�.+ ..�'i .�l", r"� Y #� r '7�+j �i1�"�►�°�N,�}� ' . �,.f �. . _ � � 4.., r • ` ' .. Figure 16: Rock bolting suggested (stability in question due to game trail near rock) � ."�y+aY� tg� btiFU.�pi6 .�p � � * •� �,� J ib. ' , � . ab � � � � �" ' ^ps�'"*•y'r.'',,,,�'�o- >.� _ � " -� �.. � - k �. �„°rt � .. �'� � ��=t ... '�� ,�' ..: � s y"'x ''5 � . ��. '.� �f y � � �a�,��� `' Tt��' �� �� "° _� �"�w ,s`� .� �� 1�- - � � � � � � ,� �'�` s "� i� ±� t � � � .�:+g �� ��, . � ��+il.a,g� ..�- , x.�q�.t-•'`�^�°LL. .� � �,~� �F"�. '� �..y '�`alr... 'A ��` . '.:..� ,�� �" � a'^"S'` � "" h y �a�u r.�'� � '�� ,� ,�g. ,!r„� � ' �: �� ".�° y� - '� - ,. �++�� � .�yr�, ak� �,�" � � _ . 7 ° ���i� s�,✓" ,� ,a� sa �`,+ i�r + " f� �� . � �, �k a �.;�y �� ��� *� ;�. �� �.` 7 �V ���_� ��"`�a ��,,,� � ';,r- � ��. �'"' �r� .. ^ '�r � w � .�.�� � �� '�� �„" �,..'�'* ',.� `��,'��+ . ... ( rv �..��� , � �^� � �p� r "+.�� �. e � ��� y,�`� P ".' � � . �. �,+t � h�.:- �"� }�,. � . ` .. �k � �C '�^.# � f.'�'� 4F�s� �. �.y.:, � .' �.. �:, - � �-, �` � � �� yyy � .� � k �! �ek � i �� .r � - �" `�� � s' � . a!r+. �.. , - ,� 'r"� � -' � ,e. ,�� ��.w � . �� < �y f . �°`.�'�� '�; �"3' � � . ,i, _'� „�� w�` „? '� �. �*� �«��w.,i�r�. � ,:, � g r y�, � ,ac, �, - ��'� .s "` -� � +�►. ''` . �m«. . "�' i f �� �� �,' a . ~'"� � ;�, x r� *'" � ,:;� . _ ,�. ,.. � z ,- , . �. . . :-.� �, ,�'; �r• . . � «,+��."r; :� � . , ." ` < � ��: ,.« �` vw a- "� �, ° �`. � a�� � . -,�. f ,� :� .,�" ° �� �- �_ .� ' � �T� ,�:'1� �, � , * '� � � , `�9� �� � �� �;'n � �. '� a . w� , � i' �� � re� .i . � � x .i '' �a� . � i 4 �'.�. dc" �' „���' ¢ � ... �` , � jY�"`'� �^'�� M, i'� �,;� � � . K= � tl� � \,' �a�,t*��. .� 'a�a� ' � � � �S. �' �! ` � �'r 4 e 1'�'�' �� � y ? �„ .,;�. �� `�~ � �a - � ' « . ,. . � x ,. . *'w`' . � ` � „ � . •'�9 � � � rT�' �{ ' °�+I.t, as _ �': ,p . � a � �''� ��Y! i �.:.. � � `� �� �y... � � � _. ��' '��. � p �,� � . . � � �y. #q' . � . ^1�� ,. ..}'* � � d .. . � � " . � , 'S�o- �j,�� Y ., ,.� � t . :j y.rt � � .,:a:, � ..�' � � � �: , _ . • �m :x �, . ..w� . .. ;� � ` .. ,; �� � :�ai6 ...�.r.[ '' �'. N^ � rt .s�°g ,. . i �+ ,. � � '� �a";ya ,.° � ., �a. � Figure 17 �.�,. y� � ,,��,r �� _ �`"�����'°;����� � ��� ��° �� ' ��.�y, � �,,;� . 1 � y.�,i��i �..W y• � ;� � f # {�up'�. ri ��. ,;� �"Y��.1 - {..a.�C ,�,. � w 9 � � �4� .{ x .� :g� __ «. . � ,. . "�,,,5 �. �r- ` � ,'�E,� �~ ..�... , t� ��' .;+� �� M�, . ' '� • � � +�� � .s � Cq .. �" ry NF ,{�,k�}� � . .. �� �ti � � �ry�;. ' , "� , � '�� � „ _.r " �+� � f � �, �` ; � �i ` ``'��.;' ��+� ��'S,� � k �i � k '� � Y ry�. 4� j ,i � r� .. ` .� } � ��� �� �K 4. �� �� 4 3� `.� 4' , k r,.r �`� l� r.#�y .. � x t � �� y - � yq M �' ?` � 5�� �/ � �... � t5't�'r; �„ � � w �j'+'.y*�� � «+t " , r„� �` �t¢ � .r"i�� ` ._ S �..;♦ ` ,: i �`� ,:,is'r �I°'4 , .:� ^ 'it _ �' � � �4 ' • A �,� 4. b-�$ p ?S.'�l e�k.9,,, a ��� ,�� � tk;i` 4 w��� P i�,�a` > r� f � � � �` �� �� �: �" �i -• � �e,�s "'f�:, � { � , ^� .. � 7 � �+ . . � � ' +� t�y �Y M � yi� � G A �� � t �A� � .. y ♦ . . ! � � �R° , h�AR . '� � . �r�� 3 9Y � e"� � 4 � � �y� � ��. ' � -. . ai@.� i� ' . �„�.'a� y ,,��:w .. '��_r:�..?`.�: � . . i°`�. "�"` Figure 18: Appears stable at this time—continue to monitor '` .. _ �� R �+F� 3 ?FY �, . ( i �'S`m' �'4 �'* y ' . ��'�a', ,� `�� ;. v �. � � ,: � , �, ; , » r .i3' .�. ��� � � � f � � tt ,. .,s�� ..��s ��.. : ,1 � �• r, �*L?�4 k ' Y � , � ��.� `r�. . .��'�/4� +� ��.. - . ' ° �s . *� �k*, -�, e ...- ��1.' � '"y � �-�./� �� � ����{,� ' � �; • .� ' ` �� �' � � ���.y� i' � 4 � � �` ��� E�t �4 `� *t ,' :4. �� f�: . . � }. ,���, ' .a� �l q��.... . ti� �, �� t +Y , . , S . , ... _ ,� t•��; `/� ts ,� �j �1`, ����� p a �r e�� , ,� f[ ,,�► f. p ! � , ' �� ��� �i � ,;� °,� ����!� � ���f, ' !• ,•�R� ��t z ,' �� „ t� . ( ��:t � �•,.ij r . s' � � ,"'; p �% ' ;�� �1 � �s � f � ��� � �, a, „�r � � * f � ' � � a� !f �� � ;/' « � i xa,tY � ia � �y ya��r�� ��Y ,�;C \ � , •` � � � " �� / 'f�, . �'�'.i �'%:e+�.,fsT,� ^{��� � ��;� �-t��'� �� .�� � - {�� �� � s�;��. . ���_ '��,,,� �.�b•.,� e . \ _ rw_i � � a�� tY"�.4. �J � a�' . .. ��t" , . . •y°'�' Fi�ure 19: Rock bolting suggested due to steepness of slope under rock. � � e � �' � � ,�:.. �,< . ' � !�` �� � n �` ,��^ ;� . _ r . , „ ;: . �. , , � ;,.,�; . , � * � � � �� �� , ` . . _ ,,...,✓' �',� ` ;, ..� ; � ���. � � ,��, � y � ,. ,,_' . ,�.� e.' - • _ �� ., �, ;����.y} ,,;Y a`� w w. ,�`9 _ fi „'� �������� �`9 � '�?` r �.,.�'. ;� �� �I � � . . ' +s .Y ..".�+'i ' � °'i ' . '-I�� � �9; 1����� T �� '�'�? ,v, :�, ri�i ,�� � ..1' r .,�� • ,�4 y,-�«� ,� �:. M�d� � � ! 3" � A, ra' `�a; "'.#'° �`" ° ,�" �,`�, _ '�,a �,° K , �,� o ,� , �,�, � � �,. ' �, � y :�* �':� �� �4 � �k� ' � 'a�.���r�LL �rx n ��. M; Y.$�# `bf '�j�ui9n.�y� :^ i (.r��` , ., , �� . . . � S� �� � • � � �� � � �. ��<�: � � $°��' ` y �,�' . ✓ 4 ,� j� � �� j'`+ �r .; .� d �`. w �y F�. �r • �;,,�� :yas .. 1 -y� °' ,� •,.e%' �ta.�«.S..�g ���.K . . •i+`��, �s � Figure 20: Appears stable at this time—continue to monitor . �;��� �* �; � .� �" ���.. e , s � �� �C ':�' �� � >. Figure 21 �� � , � � ` il��:, � .$. �� � ����i� �; '3' . , ,� �` :�i.. i k ¢, ga ' � ( r � ' � . ��A� � ��4 � '� Y �, `; ' � +� � Y �� �t�;+ ��A� ` ' y I< � ° x �` g 1 6*w ,� * " t. � SS �����,�'� � . 1 " � �-, 3 �� �� , r � � �_ � x r � } " ..L'� � �+h� { � yf ���,y ��i M�w �w i�� � � � �` �� ' � � ,�'r �, �"�`��� �f # ' � �" � �� �,� + s : +. 'Y��������r� L����j:'��#.��'� �'�:x�.��� A�pears stable at this time—continue to monitor �"v �`'.t� �•,��LL '��' '�"�� ,��'° '�'`� � " 'µ� ' '�: ,.. � ..,- ,. � ,: � � �;� ,!" - , .� , � � �`' •, � , ; , •� � �' � j' � .- , • ti �"' � .,, ��� �„ �' �' r' �S, _ „�: `' ��r .�,��s' ' � : at " a "' r f�°t � '`,z �� � r ��.� �� •� � � � • �. � . � •h �'� �`,`"�;• � ° '� t �� � ��� r � >;� ,: • ,�� �� ��� ��'��� �_� � � � �{ � �, ? . � r � � .. � �* �k'� i �� � � � � �.,�1� +� . � �$�V s.�ra s �. '� �� '� iP Y �3 �� � �, � . `; � �� x Yr� � ,� "� s , � � � G ���'; �il�"''"> r ; � s, � `„„ � � "�"' � � :4'y� �� �'�� $� � �'4 �k� * � q '�' �`� � j: k� � ��� �� X � ��}{ , � � � �• � .� � ��' < i;��,+ � �, ., ���' �� •�r �� iM'�/.�'A`+w. , r± . . ,s t. y z � ` � , ,' � j`,t{ , ,y�pi� � 1, t. , ���' 'yi� ���a. ��t+ �`�,i�� ��'`� . ; � ,���'� t�_ i .,r„, .l. t•a � :;a � . ,. - . . :ii �° s. . Figure 22: Appears stable at this time—continue to monitor .� .� � � � .�' '` +�``�� " ;�,�`� _ � �,#�.� ��`` ��� t �� �1►�. ��� E�t__ '.�„� . .� s��s:,. 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Y.,�� +�����,� " � ~i� � Y'�{, - � ¢ �11 '���� �y,� ►' `�t' � . �' � �� �. , �, ,� * � '^�.� �° _��, ,._ _ - ,r� '� �- ��m � ��"'" � � � � . . � � � � � � . �._ : . � � �. . ��.,- ��-� � x� �� ,� � � m � �.- � , �� . � ri �,� ,�„ ;::� *� „ .� ,m,� *, w I � �` � ��`�'"° � �����~'�� �°` � � " � �' � , �� �� ��� � �� � ., � � . �►.1fO �� � +�. "{ � �f �, �";:� . ��� "��` * �.x � " �. � k�� � _ <, ' � � �",�, ,� � � � ,. :_ ,�� � .�"' y �,�, � - � , � s -,: . » , - ,: w -{� � � � � � �. � �" ��� ; � �� 9� � ��� � �� �� � �: ` ,� °�� �� .v� ��� a . ' � _ � � � � ,� w � � : , �. u� � i, . x � . �F � " �, � �, �. .� �, �y � _ ,g , r � , �� s �` � a � d *� ,�a� ,� �' � 4". . ,� �•� �°. ,„ °�. � "�1�' ' �. , �, : : � � i� � � �,;� � � k.�,� � -� "�a ,� � " > ` �t � � +�#; A�, .. � � � , �� �- � � m „ � � �� � «� _ ... , r, �.aa ,��� �. .. : � .. � ... ���� . �'�� ;�,� � � �* .. Figure 27 � � � ��� � � �� ��� �x ��` �t�u�a£'.�o,°�. ,�`��f `��a'° r ` ;� � .� 4' g yg^e � } ����� •�'? R � � � � � � ? � • � : ��..F R'xy4 � �r`v �•'�, �'. # M'r�►' � .$ hy ` - +. � � �� } � ��� �} � � �l• �` Y ' t ' X.�`.. �' - _ �- e • ...•� . � ,� Jf` r.` � . ✓ .. �,.f• , ` . � . -� �. � , . . . - � 4, } ' f . � �#°�.� �* ``.'��'�� �,� � . � ,�... _� � ��� � , -� � a � .� . . "�::;; . � .. _ ...� . _ , a }<� _ : � - � .� ���.��j � .��:���.� � � � � � , �� � � �� � y t;. � ��., 'f ✓ el "�v. . q ' } .. F ^ i ` +�. � � � ��`, � ' � ^��* qM�+% �i w+.f'� , YM,�s , t ' �J '�'� � � Jn"t �f i' . ' + � �!' �,�a ;M'y. , �, ; t '� �. �ap a'�"' ./ � . t1P . - � . _ � t; ��. r � + . �.il� ' �� s'� . .d . �. a: �f , .. ° , �� d� � " ; �'�.,,; � � .`' ��' �. '� ��� ,��.� � .�. �:, �r �� �� "r`f ,,, , +�- ,,, �'�� . t �� �_� Figure 28: Appears stabie at this time—continue to monitor L f :i•'I.� � • ,:i+► -K; : ;a."" _ ,r- . i. � - .r `'� �' . . ,f � � r � * � .. a F ' , Y,j .�,�I / �` !�` � � ��,'� w ..��y"f..sy.,�� '� ... � � � �'. � '� styY . �7v �' x Y : � �. �� x�� , p �+" ��1 s � . ' � w � �, a�` � ' G �e'�, _„�r � _ i ✓` �y � � , �.+ �° . i✓ i� � �,�~'. �° �-y r�'�= w > „�r ° .. �r - d'� ;,;� - �.�:�0`:. , , r �J �' � � .yn . �' .�� �* � � � st.; , ; � � �. � L.J►. � _�� — �_ � � i ' �' !�^* 1 � � �. �p �,,. , �� r -� ; ��'���� ��:.�,' `` ,:� �,�, .�' ��?' `,�s.. . , .s � :.�ur - . �+�i _ "-� f / . Figure 29: Appears stable at this time—continue to monitor ,,�l�i�. "r' ��.,. .,. .... , _. _ .,.,_. _. _.. o�, .«,.,.T_b,,�--..�`.,"""'...'".� ..__,. _....K-v �gp�`...a. , � �,.r. ,o, � . ., .. -.z-_ �+ww,^� .... ,.�w� ..�� ..� .�.�r��.�+3�. ��. �w�......, " , . ,... � . ... L. A• , �� 4 ~ � ' .� 'S � 7:^ W �� �i' � `� ���,� i'iA . � �t�,, -irv `�" . �"a � .�� � ���'�.� �, er. � _ `.� ..�, " { � •.� � Figure 30: Appears stable at this time —continue to monitor ° °� � . . �,4 . � "� � � � � �. �� � ';�w � � � � ° __ � � �,: �„��� ._ , -r .r �fYi�� `�„��"�„f�,� h ; 4% � �y�y ' � . � �. ya�d'"�� � ��� +. . � .,.. . �. y,�''y, �r y. �'�n � �� m ro�.. g ,.. ' �a,. yh � ..�. ✓ ��y x � . .' �� � t f�� '�=a�� ��vr f � �,�' � • • ... < - .:�"" 4. .. . .. . �t* �iR� , < � ,�y,'' � �$. �� � �s�` `�^ _3�' "r. i� ��� +r� #x t�k '� , 1 �k �..,�Y�; � �+�3` r , �, � .� 3^ ��..�. � r�. � �� ��. �,, � �� ". ��,, f�� t ° "'� � � . :..;'�.ry � ` °� �;�� ,r � , , �., � �^r..; t �� - . ''���:� . ,, � ,,, ,�v,;. �� �> * ° � *'�� :,,t*� � , � �. "`� �X ����` �'` �:`,�:: i''.'�� � " � - ;� , x ,+ _ a�� � R fi+ w.��� �+� � 9 ��. ' µ� . .-. � . � { ` ' .. _.. � `y . :y�. ;.� -.. �y . i�• X ��yyy � � 0 .. � y � ^ '�I. t` ` A- � � � `�."M1✓y � r �a M `h�. a � . '� JJ � a ���''�r '�` �Y"a�'( �{� ti � � a �{'-," , � � '� ��`"�« "� ^' #��* ���}�"���� �F � „�.�.��t` � - �! 4 `y, � �.�P'� ' ` � 7„'r'pc i r �r ., _"+(4'`;/ . i�n " =� Y.. ��a"°i±+.. `° 'w�.. A`' ?�4 ^ y� � � a o � � 5+°'r , �e: � ri• .. Figure 31: Appears stable at this time —continue to monitor � � °; . . �. � - : �� � �. . �.. ��" �-;��r� � - � � � � r .. �� rt' ,,� ,�, �d- .. ` � ' py�� .. a„� fi� ' � �P , +C.,�-� , f . . � �.a �. p'k ._�7w ' ` `� . � � �'�isr' �. 'R��" ... .:+r' : 'y� `:;,.R.. . ��._� R*,,,� +r ��� {� ��� ��; .. �` �� �� ' .� m�` � � r '. � �• _ . _ � y� .. x� . � �n �� � d � �,� -� `4. ' � �. .��� �. .. ' i` . R«�,��$+�� � � . „ ,. � �. ay � �,.�.' �. � �.��cg �: ' . ¢ �,M,� ���k, � � � �"`� � , �� �' � `�''�.�,�,��. : ��, ., , , �, �� � r �-�"�" .,'���` *"°;`.+Mc� �`�M�' � '` Figure 32: Mesh and/or rock bolting highly suggested (rodents undermining rock stability) ROCKFALL FENCE OPTION This option would mitigate rockfall for both large and small rocks through the installation of a rockfall fence between Lyon's Ridge Loop and the rock outcrop. Approximately 1,000 linear feet of fencing would be required and the fence would be visible from the road. A crane would most likely be required for fence installation. Y'+*�e, , . , �� �� � q � . v �r �* r � � t. �'Ik: nr ,, • „�.. � � tr,�, +���k° - �. ;� ... �^ � "' , € +w��a v � �t '� � � � ' �* �� yg,>. � _ � „r " ' s , ��� {�� �` tx �. ,°. " �' }, , • J a,' , ? ! t} f 1`�,`yt; �'� .'� �� y�' � '� �,�`,�" � 5� �°� � r `� ' ° � �r' d�'� r � 1 e � ;, �#r d` ����i t � �� j , b' t r� . �� t. ,�� �. .,��� � .� � � � `� � ,: Y �r f ��'., . r� . f..Y ; � „ ��f � �." s� ,.' �yr`4�! f . „ ._ �,,�,�. � X `, t ���; t . ' fi " ` � d . i r �:� ���� �� ' �, �. �� �"4i�\ �yh` i ,�,��. f ��,�/ .,�r i �� _�_ _ �" .,,,�ru;�,�`'1�`l,`ti.�_ '�} Figure 33: Example Picture of Rockfall Fence � TOTAL OUTCROP AREA MESHING OPTION This option is to install anchored mesh over the entire rock outcrop. This option would also mitigate rockfall for both large and small rocks. Due to the geometry of the outcrop (see Figures 34 and 35) additional mesh would be required to drape and pin the mesh around the rock features. Most likely, a helicopter would be required for much of the installation. ;� ' � "�"'" _� -- � 1;�, , , . .. .„, �..,,. ' - �" , �-yiroiY'� �� , � . a � ., � —w�.,., � � ; �� ��.�" ��' .,w�- " � „�� '� { ��, �',�' v � as.:� . � - a, • . ,. . , • ��� � �� ..r, . f * �,+ s��� � �` � ���� � ��. �r� ��.� b �. � , -i � � . „� . . � �� . � . � " . ��"�.._ � . 1� � .�, � s, ,� ` �„ k *�� , � + , � �. � � r ���,�, � V ���. ,�� . � � ' �� : �� tb� +1M� "' ` �, el� t � ` k J ' � ° '+� �+.� . �'l'��.a.,�;,^'" +rt' �' r t«tk r' � ( r .: r� . � �� ��F „' �' ' �$ rx �-� � '�, ,t�;';' . � ;, ° :-�' �' � � � , �ai,P. � \'S u e> � � �' . ..:b,�._ Figure 34: Irregular geometry requiring additional mesh and rock bolting/pinning. Figure 35: Irregular geometry m Z n m 0 � � 0 Z N 2 O g T _, a „ m z � rn 0 L � 0 ti 0 1� W � �