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PRELIMINARY SUBSOIL STUDY
FOR FOUNDATION DESIGN
PROPOSED RESIDENCES
LOTS 1, 2 AND 3, ELK MEADOWS SUBDIVISION
BUFFEHR CREEK ROAD
VAIL, COLORADO
JOB NO. 114 086A
APRIL 18, 2014
PREPARED FOR:
ELK MEADOWS DEVELOPMENT, LLC
ATTN: SHARON COHN
141 E. MEADOW DRIVE, SUITE 211
VAIL, COLORADO 81657
_Pi o
Prier 303-841-7119 • C lorahlin Sprin4!s 719-633-5562 • SII1'erth( !nu 970-46S-14), 4I
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY - I -
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION - 1 -
SITE CONDITIONS - 2 -
FIELD EXPLORATION. - 2 -
SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS - 3 -
FOUNDATION BEARING CONDITIONS 4 -
DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS - 4-
FOUNDATIONS - 4
FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS - 5 -
FLOOR SLABS - 7 -
UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM - 7 -
SITE GRADING - 8 -
SURFACE DRAINAGE - 9 -
PAVEMENT SECTION - I0 -
LIMITATIONS - 1 I -
FIGURE 1 - LOCATIONS OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS
FIGURE 2 - LOGS OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS
FIGURE 3 - LEGEND AND NOTES
FIGURES 4 and 5 - SWELL-CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS
FIGURES 6 and 7- GRADATION TEST RESULTS
FIGURES 8 - TYPICAL BOULDER WALL DETAIL
TABLE I- SUMMARY OF LABORATORY TEST RESULTS
Job No. 114 086A G _ p,ech
PURPOSE AND SCOPE OF STUDY
This report presents the results of a preliminary subsoil study for proposed residences to
be located on Lots I, 2 and 3, Elk Creek Meadows Subdivision, Buffehr Creek Road,
Vail, Colorado. The project site is shown on Figure 1. The purpose of the study was to
develop recommendations for the foundation design. The study was conducted in general
accordance with our proposal for geotechnical engineering services to Elk Creek
Development, LLC dated March 24, 2014. Potential geologic hazards at the site have
been addressed by others and are beyond the scope of this report.
A field exploration program consisting of exploratory borings was conducted to obtain
information on the subsurface conditions. Samples of the subsoils obtained during the
field exploration were tested in the laboratory to determine their classification,
compressibility or swell and other engineering characteristics. The results of the field
exploration and laboratory testing were analyzed to develop recommendations for
foundation types, depths and allowable pressures for the proposed building foundation.
This report summarizes the data obtained during this study and presents our conclusions,
design recommendations and other geotechnical engineering considerations based on the
proposed construction and the subsurface conditions encountered.
PROPOSED CONSTRUCTION
A single family residence is planned on each of the three lots, see Figure 1. A residence
is also planned on Lot 5 to the west but was not included as part of this study. The
residences will be two story wood frame structures with the lower level retaining cut of
the hillside slopes. Ground floors will be slab-on-grade. Grading for the structures is
assumed to be relatively minor with cut depths between about 3 to 8 feet. We assume
relatively light foundation loadings, typical of the proposed type of construction. There
will be an access drive from Buffehr Creek Road to the residences. As part of the site
grading there may be boulder walls retainin{; cut and f11 up to 6 to 8 feet high.
Joh No, 114 086A Gtech
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When building location, grading and foundation loading information have been
developed, we should be notified to re-evaluate the recommendations presented in this
report.
SITE CONDITIONS
The lots are vacant and the ground surface was covered with about 3 feet of snow at the
time of our field exploration. There is an existing residence on Lot 4 with an address of
1630 Buffehr Creek Road. The terrain consists of a narrow valley bottom with
moderately steep side slopes. Lot 1 is located on the south valley side where the terrain
slopes down to the north, and Lots 2 and 3 are located on the north valley side where the
terrain slopes down to the south. Slope grades range from about 25 to 35% on the valley
side slopes and about 6 to 8% in the valley bottom. Elevation difference across each
assumed building area ranges from about 8 to 12 feet. The access drive will be located in
the relatively flat bottom of the valley. Vegetation below the snow cover consists of thick
grass with aspen trees on the valley side slopes. There are several scattered boulders on
the ground surface.
FIELD EXPLORATION
The field exploration for the project was conducted on April 10, 2014. Three exploratory
borings were drilled at the locations shown on Figure 1 to evaluate the subsurface
conditions. One boring was drilled on each of the three lots and the boring number
corresponds with the lot number. The borings were advanced with 4 inch diameter
continuous flight augers powered by a truck-mounted CME-45B drill rig. Access
consisting of snow removal, some topsoil removal, and towing the truck-mounted drill rig
with the backhoe was needed to access the boring locations. The borings were logged by
a representative of Hepworth-Pawlak Geotechnical, Inc.
Samples of the subsoils were taken with IA inch and 2 inch I.D. spoon samplers. The
samplers were driven into the subsoils at various depths with blows from a 140 pound
Ju No. t140 6A GeSt di
- 3 -
hammer falling 30 inches. This test is similar to the standard penetration test described
by ASTM Method D-1586. The penetration resistance values are an indication of the
relative density or consistency of the subsoils. Depths at which the samples were taken
and the penetration resistance values are shown on the Logs of Exploratory Borings,
Figure 2. The samples were returned to our laboratory for review by the project engineer
and testing.
SUBSURFACE CONDITIONS
Graphic logs of the subsurface conditions encountered at the site are shown on Figure 2.
The subsoils encountered consisted of nil (after being removed) to about 3 feet of organic
topsoil overlying medium stiff to stiff, sandy to very sandy silty clay with scattered
gravel. The silty clay soils were underlain at depths from about 3 to 8 feet by medium
dense, silty to very silty sand and gravel with cobbles and possible boulders that extended
down to the maximum depth drilled of 26 feet. The approximately 3 feet deep topsoil
layer had been removed at the Borings 2 and 3 locations for the drill rig access and the
topsoil layer is not shown on the boring logs. Drilling in the medium dense granular soils
with auger equipment was difficult at times due to the cobbles and possible boulders and
drilling refusal was encountered in Boring 3 in the deposit. The sand and gravel soils
occasionally contained some sandy silt and clay zones or layers.
Laboratory testing performed on samples obtained from the borings included natural
moisture content and density, gradation analyses, and Atterberg limits. Results of swell-
consolidation testing performed on relatively undisturbed drive samples, presented on
Figures 4 and 5, indicate generally moderate compressibility under conditions of loading
and wetting with a nil to low hydro-compression potential. Some of the more granular
soil samples may have been partly disturbed due to the rock content. Results of gradation
analyses performed on small diameter drive samples (minus 1 1/2 inch fraction) of the
natural granular subsoils are shown on Figures 6 and 7. The Iaboratory testing is
summarized in Table 1.
Joh No. 114 OR(A Gtech
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No free water was encountered in the borings at the time of drilling or when checked 6
days later and the subsoils were slightly moist to moist.
FOUNDATION BEARING CONDITIONS
At assumed excavation depths for the residences, we expect the subgrade soils will
transition from the silty sand and gravel to the more compressible silty clay soils. Spread
footings bearing on these soils should be feasible for foundation support of the buildings
with some risk of settlement. The risk of settlement is due primarily to the variable
bearing conditions and the more compressible nature of the silty clay soils. Extending the
footings down the bear entirely on the sand and gravel soils would provide a Iower risk
foundation.
DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS
FOUNDATIONS
Considering the subsurface conditions encountered in the exploratory borings and the
nature of the proposed construction, we recommend the building be founded with spread
footings bearing on the natural soils with some risk of settlement.
The design and construction criteria presented below should be observed for a spread
footing foundation system.
I) Footings placed on the undisturbed natural soils should be designed for an
allowable bearing pressure of 1,500 psi. Based on experience, we expect
settlement of footings designed and constructed as discussed in this section
will be about 1 to I%2 inches for the assumed light loadings. Footings
placed entirely on the underlying sand and gravel soils can be designed for
an allowable bearing pressure of 2,500 psf and settlements are expected to
be up to about 1 inch for the assumed light Ioadings. We should review
Job No 114 0€GA G ep. h
5 -
the settlement potential when foundation Ioadings are available and make
recommendations to mitigate the settlement if needed.
2) The footings should have a minimum width of 18 inches for continuous
walls and 2 feet for isolated pads.
3) Exterior footings and footings beneath unheated areas should be provided
with adequate soil cover above their bearing elevation for frost protection.
Placement of foundations at least 48 inches below exterior grade is
typically used in this area.
4) Continuous foundation walls should be well reinforced top and bottom to
span local anomalies and better withstand the effects of some differential
settlement such as by assuming an unsupported length of at least 12 feet.
Foundation walls acting as retaining structures should also be designed to
resist lateral earth pressures as discussed in the "Foundation and Retaining
Walls" section of this report.
5) The topsoil and any loose or disturbed soils should be removed and the
footing bearing IeveI extended down to the firm natural soils. If the
footings are designed to bear entirely on the sand and gravel soils all silty
clay soils should also be removed. The exposed soils in footing area
should then be adjusted to near optimum moisture content and compacted.
If water seepage is encountered, the looting areas should be dewatered
before concrete placement.
6) A representative of the geotechnical engineer should observe all footing
excavations prior to concrete placement to evaluate bearing conditions.
FOUNDATION AND RETAINING WALLS
Foundation walls and retaining structures which are Iaterally supported and can be
expected to undergo only a slight amount of deflection should be designed for a lateral
earth pressure computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of at least 55 pcf
for backfill consisting of the on-site soils. Cantilevered retaining structures which are
separate from the main buildings and can be expected to deflect sufficiently to mobilize
Job No. I I 0 6A Gtech
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the full active earth pressure condition should be designed for a lateral earth pressure
computed on the basis of an equivalent fluid unit weight of at least 45 pcf for backfill
consisting of the on-site soils. The backfill should not contain topsoil or oversized rocks.
All foundation and retaining structures should be designed for appropriate hydrostatic and
surcharge pressures such as adjacent footings, traffic, construction materials and
equipment. The pressures recommended above assume drained conditions behind the
walls and a horizontal backfill surface. The buildup of water behind a wall or an upward
sloping backfill surface will increase the lateral pressure imposed on a foundation wall or
retaining structure. An underdrain should be provided to prevent hydrostatic pressure
buildup behind walls.
Backfill should be placed in uniform lifts and compacted to at least 90% of the maximum
standard Proctor density(SPD) at a moisture content near optimum. Backfill in pavement
and walkway areas should be compacted to at least 95% SPD. Care should be taken not
to overcompact the backfill or use large equipment near the wall, since this could cause
excessive lateral pressure on the wall. Some settlement of deep foundation wall backfill
should be expected, even if the material is placed correctly, and could result in distress to
facilities constructed on the backfill. Use of a select granular import material such as
road base and increasing compaction to at least 98% SPD could be done to reduce the
settlement potential.
The lateral resistance of foundation or retaining wall footings will be a combination of the
sliding resistance of the footing on the foundation materials and passive earth pressure
against the side of the footing. Resistance to sliding at the bottoms of the footings can be
calculated based on a coefficient of friction of 0.40. Passive pressure of compacted
backfill against the sides of the footings can be calculated using an equivalent fluid unit
weight of 375 pcf. The coefficient of friction and passive pressure values recommended
above assume ultimate soil strength. Suitable factors of safety should be included in the
design to limit the strain which will occur at the ultimate strength, particularly in the case
of passive resistance. Fill placed against the sides of the footings to resist lateral Ioads
Job No. 1 4 08(A Gg tG-ch
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should be a suitable granular material compacted to at least 95% of the maximum
standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum.
FLOOR SLABS
The natural on-site soils, exclusive of topsoil, are suitable to support lightly loaded slab-
on-grade construction. There could be some slab settlement in areas that transition the
assumed different soil types at subgrade. To reduce the effects of some differential
movement, floor slabs should be separated from all bearing walls and columns with
expansion joints which allow unrestrained vertical movement. Floor slab control joints
should be used to reduce damage due to shrinkage cracking. The requirements for joint
spacing and slab reinforcement should be established by the designer based on experience
and the intended slab use. A minimum 4 inch layer of free-draining gravel should be
placed beneath basement level slabs to facilitate drainage. This material should consist of
minus 2 inch aggregate with at least 50% retained on the No. 4 sieve and less than 2%
passing the No. 200 sieve.
All fill materials for support of floor slabs should be compacted to at least 95% of
maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content near optimum. Required fill can
consist of the on-site granular soils devoid of topsoil and oversized rocks, or a suitable
granular material such as road base can be imported.
UNDERDRAIN SYSTEM
AIthough free water was not encountered during our exploration, it has been our
experience in mountainous areas and where clay soils are present that local perched
groundwater can develop during times of heavy precipitation or seasonal runoff. Frozen
ground during spring runoff can also create a perched condition. We recommend below-
grade construction, such as retaining walls, crawlspace and basement areas, be protected
from wetting and hydrostatic pressure buildup by an underdrain system.
Job No. 114 086A G 1&&tech
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The drains should consist of drainpipe placed in the bottom of the wall backfill
surrounded above the invert level with free-draining granular material. The drain should
be placed at each level of excavation and at least 1 foot below Iowest adjacent finish
grade and sloped at a minimum 1% to a suitable gravity outlet or sump and pump. Free-
draining granular material used in the underdrain system should contain less than 2%
passing the No. 200 sieve, less than 50% passing the No. 4 sieve and have a maximum
size of 2 inches. The drain gravel backfill should be at least I%2 feet deep and covered by
filter fabric such as Mirafi 140N.
SITE GRADING
The risk of construction-induced slope instability at the site appears low provided the
buildings are located as planned and cut and fill depths are limited. We assume the cut
depths for the basement level will not exceed one level, about 10 feet. Embankment fills
should be limited to about 8 to 10 feet deep and be compacted to at least 95% of the
maximum standard Proctor density near optimum moisture content. Prior to fill
placement, the subgrade should be carefully prepared by removing all vegetation and
topsoil and compacting to at least 95% of the maximum standard Proctor density. The fill
should be benched into the portions of the hillside exceeding 20%grade.
Boulder retaining should be feasible at the site with proper design and construction. The
boulder walls should be designed as gravity retaining structures. A typical detail of the
recommended boulder wall design is attached as Figure 8. The boulder walls should be
limited to 8 feet in height. The boulders for the walls should have an embedment depth
into the subgrade at least I'/ feet. The boulder wall subgrade should be compacted to the
placement of the boulders. A subdrain should be provided behind the walls. The walls
should be battered back at V. Horizontal to 1 Vertical or flatter. Backfill of the boulder
walls can consist of the on-site predominantly granular soils and should be compacted to
at least 95% SPD neat optimum moisture content.
Job No. 1 1 4 086A Gh
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Permanent unretained cut and fill slopes should be traded at 2 horizontal to 1 vertical or
flatter and protected against erosion by reve{.,etation or other means. The risk of slope
instability will be increased if seepage is encountered in cuts and flatter slopes may be
necessary. if seepage is encountered in permanent cuts. an investigation should be
conducted to determine if the seepage will adversely affect the cut stability. We should
review the site grading plans prior to construction.
SURFACE DRAINAGE
Positive surface drainage is an important aspect of the project. The following drainage
precautions should be observed during construction and maintained at all times after the
buildings has been completed:
I) Inundation of the foundation excavations and underslab areas should be
avoided during construction.
2) Exterior backfill should be adjusted to near optimum moisture and
compacted to at Ieast 95% of the maximum standard Proctor density in
pavement and slab areas and to at least 90% of the maximum standard
Proctor density in landscape areas.
3) The ground surface surrounding the exterior of the building should be
sloped to drain away from the foundation in all directions. We
recommend a minimum slope of 12 inches in the first 10 feet in unpaved
areas and a minimum slope of 3 inches in the first l 0 feet in paved areas.
Free-draining wall backfill should be capped with filter fabric such as
Mirafi 140N and about 2 feet of the on-site finer graded soils to reduce
surface water infiltration.
4) Roof downspouts and drains should discharge well beyond the limits of all
backfill.
5) Landscaping which requires regular heavy irrigation should be Iocated at
least 5 feet from foundation walls.
Job No. 114 056A Ge tech
•
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PAVEMENT SECTION
We understand asphalt pavement will probably be used for the access drive. Grass Pave 2
may be used at the end of the access drive for a fire truck turn-around area. Traffic
loadings for the drive have not been provided but are expected to be light and typical of
the proposed development. We assume a traffic loading 18 kip equivalent daily Ioad
application (EDLA) of about 15. The subgrade soils encountered at the site will probably
consist of the fine grained, sandy to very sandy silty clay which is considered a relatively
poor support for pavement sections. We estimate a Hveem stabilometer"R" value of
about 8 for the subgrade soils. The soils are moderately susceptible to frost heave.
Based on our experience, an 18 kip EDLA of 15, a Regional Factor of 2.25 and a
serviceability index of 2.0, we recommend the minimum pavement section thickness
consist of 4 inches of asphalt on 9 inches of base course. In tight turning areas or areas of
regular truck traffic, such as for trash pick-up, a concrete section consisting of 6 inches of
concrete on 4 inches of base course should be considered.
The asphalt should be a batched hot mix, approved by the engineer and placed and
compacted to the project specifications. The base course should meet CDOT CIass 6
specifications. All base course and required subgrade fill should be compacted to at least
95% of the maximum standard Proctor density at a moisture content within 2%of
optimum. Concrete should have a minimum 28 day compressive strength of 4,500 psf
and be air entrained.
Required fill to establish design subgrade level can consist of the on-site soils or suitable
imported granular soils approved by the geotechnical engineer. Prior to fill placement the
subgrade should be stripped of topsoil, scarified to a depth of 8 inches, adjusted to near
optimum moisture and compacted to at least 95% of standard Proctor density. In soft or
wet areas, the subgrade may require drying or stabilization prior to fill placement. A
geogrid andor subexcavation and replacement with aggregate base soils may be needed
for the stabilization. The subgrade should be proofrolled. Areas that deflect excessively
Job No. 114 0 (A Gtech
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should be corrected before placing pavement materials. The subgrade improvements and
placement and compaction of base and asphalt materials should be monitored on a regular
basis by a representative of the geotechnical engineer.
If Grass Pave 2 is used for the fire truck turn—around area at the end of the drive, we
recommend a minimum 12 inches of CDOT Class 6 or Class 2 base course be provided
below the material. The subgrade should be stabilized if needed, as discussed above,
prior to placing the base course.
Once traffic loadings are better known, we should review our pavement section thickness
recommendations.
LIMITATIONS
This study has been conducted in accordance with generally accepted geotechnical
engineering principles and practices in this area at this time. We make no warranty either
express or implied. The conclusions and recommendations submitted in this report are
based upon the data obtained from the exploratory borings drilled at the locations
indicated on Figure I, the proposed type of construction and our experience in the area.
Our services do not include determining the presence, prevention or possibility of mold or
other biological contaminants (MOBC) developing in the future. If the client is
concerned about MOBC, then a professional in this special field of practice should be
consulted. Our findings include interpolation and extrapolation of the subsurface
conditions identified at the exploratory borings and variations in the subsurface
conditions may not become evident until excavation is performed. If conditions
encountered during construction appear different from those described in this report, we
should be notified so that re-evaluation of the recommendations may be made.
This report has been prepared for the exclusive use by our client for design purposes. We
are not responsible for technical interpretations by others of our information. As the
project evolves, we should provide continued consultation and field services during
Joh No. 114 086A G ph
- 12 -
construction to review and monitor the implementation of our recommendations, and to
verify that the recommendations have been appropriately interpreted. Significant design
changes may require additional analysis or modifications to the recommendations
presented herein. We recommend on-site observation of excavations and foundation
bearing strata and testing of structural fill by a representative of the geotechnical
engineer.
Respectfully Submitted,
HEPWORTH - PAW , K G61414CAL, INC.
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David A. Young, P.E. 11111"--/
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Reviewed by: te ,.• A`�►�
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Steven L. Pawlak, P.E.
DAY•ksw
cc: Elk Meadows Development Brian Recliner (briars(' salaris .ail.c gym)
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114 086A LOCATIONS OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS I Figure 1
HEPWORTH-PAWLAK GEOTECHNICAL
BORING 1 BORING 2 BORING 3
LOT 1 LOT 2 LOT 3
ELEV 8320' ELEV.= 8316' ELEV.= 8312'
- 8320 8320
— I011 —
— A, 4 12 —
8315 12/1217.1
8315
—
I
WC= —
DID=106
—
_i
- 0I 14/12 —
- 8310 30/12 WC=5.2 8310
Om
WC=8.6 h4w43
_ IPDD=117 -200=9 -
-
�00=39 PI=NP 5/12 —
Olt--- LL=25 I WC=16.5 —
PI-4 ' V DD=108
— • 13/12 -200Q51
8305 32+'12 WC=4.9 8305
Q) — , ' WC=8.0 -200=29 — a)
L- t DD=121 . u_
c — �' • 14/12 — c
o
— WC 36 _ O
— ' el
-200 30 —
.. 26/12 a)
Lu 83008300 w
. ' 30/12
— ;• WC=10.5 • ` —
DD=116
— -200=60 13/12 -
- WC 5.6
—
-- 51/12 18/12 -200+4 21 315 —
8295 t WC=3.3 8295
_ +4=35
-200=26 —
0
— . 10/6,20/0
8290 8290
8285 8285
•
Notes: 1) Explanation of symbols is shown on Figure 3.
2)Topsoil layer about 3 feet thick removed at
Borings 2 and 3 prior to drilling of borings.
H
114 086A LOGS OF EXPLORATORY BORINGS Figure 2
HEPWORTH•PAWLAK GEOTECHNICAL
LEGEND:
0 TOPSOIL; organic silty clay, soft, wet, black. About 3 feet thick topsoil layer at Borings 2 and 3 had been removed
prior to drilling the borings.
CLAY(CL); silty, sandy to very sandy, medium stiff to stiff, moist, brown, low plasticity.
L�• SAND AND GRAVEL(SC-GC);with cobbles, possible boulders, silty to very silty, occasionally clayey, some sandy
silt and clay zones, medium dense, slightly moist to moist, mixed brown, low plastic fines, rocks are primarily
subangular.
jiRelatively undisturbed drive sample; 2-inch I.D. California liner sample.
11 Drive sample; standard penetration test (SPT), 1 3/8 inch I.D. split spoon sample, ASTM D-1586.
4/12 Drive sample blow count; indicates that 4 blows of a 140 pound hammer falling 30 inches were
required to drive the California or SPT sampler 12 inches.
ter- Practical drilling refusal.
—► Depth at which boring had caved when measured 6 days after drilling.
NOTES:
1. Exploratory borings were drilled on April 10, 2014 with 4-inch diameter continuous flight power auger.
2. Locations of exploratory borings were measured approximately by pacing from features shown on the s to plan
provided.
3. Elevations of exploratory borings were obtained by interpolation between contours shown on the site plan provided
and checked by instrument level. The ground elevations at Borings 2 and 3 were adjusted for the removed topsoil.
4. The exploratory boring locations and elevations should be considered accurate only to the degree implied by the
method used.
5. The lines between materials shown on the exploratory boring logs represent the approximate boundaries between
material types and transitions may be gradual.
6. No free water was encountered in the borings at the time of drilling or when checked 6 days later. Fluctuation n
water level may occur with time.
7. Laboratory Testing Results:
WC = Water Content (%)
DD = Dry Density (pct)
+4 = Percent retained on the No. 4 sieve
-200 = Percent passing No. 200 sieve
LL = Liquid Limit (%)
PI = Plasticity Index (%)
NP = Non-Plastic
114 086A cotZtech
LEGEND AND NOTES Figure 3
HEPWORTH•PAWLAK GEOTECHNICAL
Moisture Content =- 17 1 percent
Dry Density = 106 pcf
! Sample of:Sandy Si ty Clay
From. Boring 1 : 5 Feet
0
1
ttH4TT .
Compression
w _1 upon
3 l I I Iii wetting
b
0 4
•
5
I1
1
0.1 1.0 10 100
APPLIED PRESSURE (ksf)
I
Moisture Content = 8.6 percent
Dry Density 117 pc!
I I I I I Sample of:Silty Clayey Sand with Gravel
f From: Boring 1 at 10 Feet
0
j
1 I I c
. Y I III
2
Compression
c upon
r 3 I wetting
c
O
U
4
,
I
5
I
I
0.1 1.0 10 100
APPLIED PRESSURE (ksf)
H
114 086A Ge tech SWELL-CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS FIGURE: 4
ArORT'H-PAWLAK GEOTECHN'
Moir.ure Content c 8.0 percent
Dry Density = 121 pcf
Sample of:Silty Clayey Sand with Gravel
III
From: Boring 1 at 15 Feet
0 ,
------T1-1-----CH0, 1 II
1
-....,,,,,....N.x,\ 1
2
O
I I Compression
coI I upon
ua
3 wetting ,_
,
5 1
0.1 1.0 fa 100
APPLIED PRESSURE (ksf)
I I Mois.ure Content= 16,5 percent
Dry Density = 106 pct
I Sample of:Very Sandy Silty C.ay
From: Bor:ng 3 at 4 Feet
0
I
I
1 1 1I , I
' 1 I I
2 I - ,
I Compression '
rn I upon
3 �� wetting
c
U
4 ,
5 1
I -
• I , .
0.1 1.0 10 100
P APPLIED PRESSURE ( k•:f)
114 086A Ge tech SWELL-CONSOLIDATION TEST RESULTS FIGURE 5
Tti-PAWLAK GEOTECHNICs„
HYDROMETER ANALYSIS
T FFAdN8S I U.S.STANDARD SERIES SIEVE AMAY$>$I OMAR SQUARE OPENINGS
- PMR
k.J 151.11N 60M-14 1914119 411 I MIN. #200 #100 #90 030 ■16 r$ Ia 3' W4. 1 1' 5 #6' g
0 _ _- 100
10 -- -
90
-- -I -- _ _- Bo
0 30 III ___ _ I — —- 70
Z -- TI1' - - Z
I 411 - — -- �1 = —=._ 60 f�
CC 50 —_—
1- - —- 50
W 50 — -- W
- - _ _ =I - __ 4a
eo _ =I= - 20
—_ -I- _— _
90 ---- 10
100 — - =1= =_- 0
0111 .002 -003 .009 019 A37 674 :150 300 .800 118 26 4.75 t.5 124 190 919 762 p57152 2.03
DIAMETER OF PARTICLES IN MILLIMETERS
CLAY TO SILT `"'4 GRAVEL
cowls
I- '•'I-OIL" CLIA $. FINE I CGARSE
Gravel 43 % Sand 48 % Silt and Clay 9 %
Liquid Limit % Plastic,ty Index NP %
Sample of Silty Sand and Gravel From:Boring 2 at 5 Feet
I HYDROMETER ANALYSIS SIEVE ANALYSIS
TIME READINGS Le. .STANDARD SERIES SIEVE
CLEAN SUUAHt O• N N
2411R. 7 RR
43 MIN. 15141N. 601119. 19MIN 4 MM 1 MIN. 1100 #50 OW r 16 Ia #4 319' 304' 1 17 3' 5'6'
0100
10 - -I - -- 90
20 BO
u.13U -- — — — 70 0Z _ -I Z
et
ba I-
CC
-- 20 CI.
90
100 — -I— —- — 0
41 .002 !!'., .009 .019 .037 ,974 -4110 -300 KO 116 9,36 4.79 96125 190 17.3 R7 I--14 220
DIAMETER OF PARTICLES IN MILLIMETERS �F
SANG GRAVEL
CLAY TO SILT meas
FINE I MEDIUM COARSE FINE I COARSE
Grave' 35 Sand 39 % Silt and Clay 26 %
Llqu d Limi % Plastic;ty index °lo
Sample of:Sil,y Sand and Gravel From: Boring 2 at 20 Feet
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114 086A i'tech GRADATION TEST RESULTS FIGURE. 6
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Ir HYDROMETER ANALYSIS I U.S.STANDARD SERIES SIEVE ANALYSIS
TIME READINGS I CLEAR SQUARE OPENINGS
0LHR 7 H
45 MIN. IS MW. 00MIN 19MJN. 4 MIN 1 MIN, M200 0100 M50 090 f16 #0 #4 M' 1j4• Mit 96 $'13' $•
----- - -- 100
Z — _I= Z
a,J _= —
I- 50 -1 -
50 CC1I<3-
LLI
L} f —-
W 00 --- W
IL - - 40 0-
_I_ — 30
90 � — _-
,� _ PO-_
9010-
100 — — =1- -
-
0
.001 .002 .005 009 019 097 471 .150 K0 .000 1.10 2,70 4,]S .5 I 5 t90 27.1. 7(2 127P53 502
DIAMETER OF PARTICLES IN MILLIMETERS
CLAY TO SILT SAND GRAVEL
:GB9LES
FM I MEDNM I GOARSE FINE I COARSE
Gravel 21 % Sand 45 % Silt and Clay 3,) %
Liquid Limit % Plastic ty Index %
Sample of:Silty Sand with Gravel From: Boring 3 at 14 Feel
H
114 086A G. tech GRADATION TEST RESULTS FIGURE 7
EPWORT'H-PAWLAN GE:oTECI rNICAL
•
112
5.111i..-
"7=1fepr 2
Maximum
Backsf=pe '2'-4'Boulcp.r
.1H--1.1:__ 1 (TYP)
'11=111H
=fTf-Ii 11I I=1 .
,
I Ir J' l 'N•
FiilYr f abrc
(Mira' 140N or Equ } -- / /
(TYP) r 44/00...., 1] H 9'(max)
1
Drain{(rep)
/ /
\\- ,L
.........."JIL
N ��� ,F .__,,,,moi I I#1 I I1 I
4'Diameter
PerforatedaDrain j-o 2/3 H(min)
Pipe Sloped to I {H q.He ghl in Fer:
Grayly Outlet
(TYP)
1 112 (min.embedment) .-
NOT TO ..CALL'
H
4 086AFch TYPICAL BOULDER WALL DETAIL Figure 8
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0 0 x CO cd o U 44 d c = = v' ;