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HomeMy WebLinkAbout1991-03-05 Support Documentation Town Council Work Session I_ ~`1 ~ VAIL TOWN COUNCIL WORK SESSION TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 1991 2:00 P.M. AGENDA 1. Interview of Planning and Environmental Commission Applicants. 2. Discussion of Proposed Amendments to the Municipal Code regarding Adjustments to the Fee Schedule for Planning, Building and Fire Department Reviews of Development Proposals; also included are Proposed Adjustments to the Commerical Core I and II Pay-in-Lieu of Parking Fees. 3. Air Quality/Fireplace Issue Information Update. 4. Electrical Utility Undergrounding in East Vail. 5. Discussion of Symphony of Sports Funding. 6. POW WOW International Trade Show. 7. Information Update. 8. Other. VAIL TOWN COUNCIL WORK SESSION TUESDAY, MARCH 5, 1991 2:00 P.M. EXPANDED AGENDA 2:00 1. Interview of Planning and Environmental Commission Kristan Pritz Applicants. Action Requested of Council: To interview applicants. Background Rationale: One position is open on the PEC. The term is for 2 years. The applicants are Jonathan Staufer, Gena Whitten, and D. Douglas Cahill. 2:30 2. Discussion of Proposed Amendments to the Municipal Code Mike Mollica regarding Adjustments to the Fee Schedule for Planning, Building and Fire Department Reviews of Development Proposals; also included are Proposed Adjustments to the Commerical Core I and II Pay-in-Lieu of Parking Fees. Action Requested of Council: Direction to staff is requested so that the proper ordinances can be drafted, and public hearings scheduled. Background Rationale: The Council has directed the staff to analyze the existing fee structure to ensure that fees charged are in line with expenditures of staff time. (Please see enclosed memo.) Staff Recommendation: Per the attached exhibit. 3:00 3. Air Quality/Fireplace Issue Information Update. Susan Scanlan Action Requested of Council: Provide input to staff on the direction of development of a voluntary conversion program, i.e., support, suggest changes. The proposed program would involve completion of an inventory of existing units, an intensive public education program and voluntary conversion of existing units. Background Rationale: Based on discussion from the joint work session with PEC and Council on 2/12/91, the staff is working toward the development of a 1-2 year voluntary program with incentive plan to address the existing fireplace issue. This will involve some additional research on a number of topics - mainly concerning woodburning alternatives - and staff would , like to keep Council apprised of the steps being taken. Staff Recommendation: Staff recommends pursuing a 1-2 year voluntary conversion program for existing fireplaces, possibly to be followed by a more mandatory program if the voluntary effort is not successful. In an effort to address questions or concerns Council has concerning the Emissions Inventory, Rodger Steen will be present to address the issue. 4:00 4. Electrical Utility Undergrounding in East Vail. Greg Hall Action Requested of Council: Update on the East Vail District and request to authorize funds to provide engineering services to begin work on the plans. Background Rationale: In November of 1990, Council passed Resolution No. 24, Series of 1990, which requested that a cost and feasibility study be prepared for formation of a local improvement district to underground electric utilities in East Vail. Staff sent out a request for cost estimates from electrical contractors for connecting the private services back into the undergrounded primary system. Staff received no responses by the January deadline. The electrical contractors stated that they were unwilling to give cost estimates for the required work without detailed plans to go by. In staff's re-review of the state statutes regulating creation of local improvement districts for the Undergrounding of overhead utilities, it was determined that utility companies are responsible for providing the cost and feasibility estimate for the district. Staff further found the statutes have no enforcement mechanism to force the utilities to provide the estimates. Holy Cross Electric Association will provide estimates for the primary system, but refuses to provide estimates for the secondary system. In discussing the issue with other municipalities, it was determined that they hired consulting engineers to provide the additional cost estimates they needed. It was easier to take the risk of paying for the engineering services versus suing the utility to provide full cost estimates. The cost of the engineering services can be passed onto the district participants, if the local improvement district is formed. If the district isn't formed, the Town will need to absorb the cost of the engineering. Staff has sent out a Request for Proposal, and received proposals back from two engineering firms. We have selected Schmueser, Gordon, Meyer to perform the work. We are requesting that Council authorize $20,000 to hire the consultant to assist in the formation of the district. Staff Recommendation: Authorize the funds to proceed with the district formation. 4:30 5. Discussion of Symphony of Sports Funding. Rob Robinson 4:45 6. POW WOW International Trade Show. Brad Quayle 4:55 7. Information Update. 5:00 8. Other. -2- 4 J~ APPLICATION FOR POSITION ON THE PLANNING AND ENVIRONMENTAL COMMISSION TOWN OF VAIL, COLORADO Jonathan Josef Staufer Applicant February 28, 1991 . r. • 1 JONATHAN JOSEF STAUFER . 100 East Meadow Drive Vail 81657 ' (303)476-5622 February 28, 1991 Dear Gentlemen and Ladies, As a lifetime resident of Vail and a recent graduate of university, I feel it is now time to give something back to a place that has given me so much, and that I have something to offer. Admittedly, I haven't much experience to offer except that which I have obtained working as a member of the Committee to Save Ford Park, in student government, and second-hand from my father, Josef Staufer, my uncle, Hermann Staufer, and various people associated with Action Vail. That which I lack in practical experience, however, I am certain I will make up for with youthful vigour and with ideals. In these I consider myself not stubborn, but neither easily disuaded without clear, practical evidence. . My youthfulness, I hope, will serve as an asset to the Planning and Environmental Commission and to Vail in that it will offer new light to seem- ingly dead-end propositions, new facets to worn arguments, new energy to tired ideas. That energy will be my greatest gift to Vail. Those who came here to establish this town are older now and weary of fighting for the principles on which Vail was founded, weary of seeking answers to constantly arising challen- ges. It is time for the youth to take the torch which has been kept so well for them, to take it and keep it for their children, for if they fail to do so, if they fail to take up the gauntlet of future challenges, to fight for that which the founders of this town struggled so hard to bequethe them, then Vail will have failed to become that which those founders dreamed it should be: A community. Coming from a family that has had a long history of service to this town, I consider it my honored duty to be the first to step forward, my hand open to accept the torch. Thank you for your time and consideration. Si cerl ~ 91 Jo than Sta~ er h ,1~ JONATHAN JOSEF STAUFER 100 East Meadow Drive Vail 81657 (303)476-5622 EDUCATION Bennington College: Bennington, Vermont Bachelor of Arts in Literature .Vail Mountain School: Vail St. Croix Country Day School: St. Croix, U.S.V.I. WORK EXPERIENCE ASSISTANT TO THE MANAGING DIRECTOR Vail Village Inn, Vail. Currently managing Housekeeping Department with a staff of fifteen, and a large payroll and supplies budget. Have been under budget for three months running. Managing Advertising and Promotions department. Have developed a new all-inclusive plan for the upcoming summer in association with six restaurants. Developed a new brochure and rate sheet. Developed a comprehensive marketing strateging for the upcoming summer. Have kept up contacts with travel agents and group leaders. In the first month as Advertising and Promotions manager booked two summer groups. Developed new plan for remodeling of existing lobby building. June 1990- MEMBER Committee to Save Ford Park, Vail. Organization was organized to oppose the proposed Ford Park Aquatic Center. Travelled to Whistler, B.C. to learn about the failed aquatic center there. Wrote advertisements and letters for our media campaign. 11/89-2/90 INTERN Denver Post, Denver. Worked in Special Features Department writing and editing articles. Main focus was real estate. Conducted several interviews with local developers on local economy, project design and profitability. 1/86-2/86 INTERN Vail Daily, Vail. Worked editing and writing articals. 6/87-8/87. " . TEACHING ASSISTANT Vail Mountain School, Vail. Helped students to find new and more interesting ways to explore litera- ture. 1/87-2/87 EMPLOYEE, Vail Village Inn, Vail. Worked in various departments of the hotel including reservations, recep- tion and guest services during school breaks and work study periods. 1986/'87/'88/'89 WAITER Hotel Sonnenalp, Bavaria. Gained a good knowledge of German and the basics of the restaurant " business. 6/84-7/84. r JONATHAN JOSEF STAUFER (cont...) ~ SKILLS AND ACTIVITIES LANGUAGES: Working knowledge of Spanish and German, and sometimes English. COMPUTER SKILLS: Knowledge of IBM, Apple Mac, Digital hotel systems, Coyote news systems. SPORTS: Skiing, sailing, scuba, skin diving, hiking, swimming, soccer INSTRUMENTS: Saxophone, piano, electric bass ACTIVITIES: Writing, literature, history, philosophy, art, theology, environmental studies, chess, four--wheeling, shooting - • . ~~2- February 27, 1991 - Town of Vail i 75 s. Frontage Road r Vail, Colorado ~ 81657 " Dear Sirs: I am making application to serve as a member of the Town of Vail Planning Commission. Attached is a resume of my professional experience. I have a Master of Architecture Degree from the University of Washington. I have worked five years as an architectural designer, including last year in Vail. Prior to moving to Vail, I worked eight years in both residential and commercial real estate. I sold residential real estate on Bainbridge Island, Washington from 1980-1984. During that time I also served as a member of the Bainbridge Island Planning Advisory Committee. Bainbridge Island is a community of 14,000 with many of the same growth and environ-. mental issues facing Vail. I worked as a commercial real estate broker in Seattle, Washington from 1984-1988. I was a member of a number of community organizations and served on a community advisory group for the .Seattle Port Authority who was undertaking major planning and redevelopment projects for the Seattle waterfront. During 1975-76 I worked as a planner for the Kitsap County Trident Assistance Planning Project in chosing sites and planning twelve new schools. I currently am a licensed real estate broker with Vail-Lionshead Real Estate. I have earned the G.R.I designation from the Board of Realtors. I have many ` courses in Property Management and Real Estate Finance from the Building Owners and Managers Association. - I have lived in Vail for two years. This is a vital and growing community with some very unique planning needs. I feel that my experience as 'an architect and planner and my years in real estate gives me tools which could make me a valuable member of the Vail Planning Commission. I intend to make Vail my permanent home. I have a 14 year old daughter who is in school here. I feel that is is important to be involved in the community in which one lives and to make a contribution to the quality of life which that community provides us. Yours sincerely, u~ Gena Whitten 3 z - ~ 1337E Nfail Nalla~ Dr. Gena Whitten v~ 81657 Career To make a contribution, as a team member, to the successful development, marketing, Goal and management of major architectural and real estate projects, with growing career opportunities and responsibilities. Professlonal • Four years experience in property management, marketing and leasing of commercial Skills office space • Four years experience as an architectural designer, space planner, and programmer • Extensive experience in commercial and residential real estate marketing and finance • Experience in budget preparation and income projections for office buildings with annual budgets ranging from $1 to $7 million. • Skillful in contract negotiation and preparation • Supervision and coordination of architects and contractors in construction of commercial spaces • Skillful in reading, evaluating, and preparing architectural drawings and contracts • Basic computer skills including Lotus 1-2-3 • Working knowledge of project financing and accounting • Effective in meeting, motivating and building trust with prospects and clients • Enthusiastic and clear presentation of ideas Educational ¦ MASTER OF ARCHITECTURE -University of Washington, Seattle Background ¦ BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN HOME ECONOMICS -Baylor University, Waco, Texas ¦ PROFESSIONAL DESIGNATIONS AND SEMINARS • G.R.I. designation -Graduate Realtor Institute • Washington State Real Estate Broker's License • Commercial Real Estate Leasing -The Wharton School • Leasing Commercial Real Estate, Office Buildings Negotiating Office Leases, and Commercial Property Management -The Northwest Center for Professional Education • Real Estate Investment & Finance, Administration of Real Property, and Real Estate Accounting Principles -Building Owners and Managers Association, RPA courses • Negotiating with People -Fred Pryor Seminars Professlonal ¦ HOTEL & HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY Experience • Inn at Beaver Creek, Front Desk, 1988-89 ski season ¦ COMMERCIAL LEASING & CONSTRUCTION COORDINATION Marketing space; selecting architect, coordinating design and contract drawings; coordination of construction and move-in; preparation of legal documents; budget and income projects; liaison between tenant and owner. • Harbor Properties, Inc., Leasing Manager, 1986-88 • Wright Runstad and Co., Inc., Leasing Manager, 1984-86 ¦ REAL ESTATE BROKER • Associate Broker, Windermere Real Estate, 1980-84 ¦ ARCHITECTURAL DESIGNER, DRAFTSMAN & PROGRAMMER • John H. Rudolph & Associates, 1978-80 • Swinburne &Swinburne, 1977-78 • Naramore, Bain, Brady & Johanson, 1976-77 • Kitsap County, Trident Assistance Planning Project, 1975-76 G February 28, 1991 The Vail Town Counal 75 S. Frontage Road Vail, CO 81657 Dear Counal Members: Please accept this letter and the enclosed resume as an application for the position of a Planning & Environmental Commission member. I find the commission's function vital and request that I be seriously considered for the appointment. 1 have been a resident of Vail for thirteen years, having owned homes and property for the last ten years. I just recently completed the construction of our family home, and had the opportunity to work with the Town of Vail Planning staff, Design Review Board, and the Planning & Environmental Commission. I chose to live in Vail because of the mountain town atmosphere, and would like to be involved with the decisions being made concerning its growth and how it impacts the environment. Aesthetics, safety, project impact, and design regulations are areas I feel are most important when reviewing future projects. My work on Vail Mountain has allowed me to hear comments from our guests about our mountain and town. I would like to be a part of the committee that defines what our community offers and provides our guests and residents. I look forward to hearing from you concerning this commission appointment. Sincerely, D. Douglas Cahill P.O. Box 1077 Vail, CO 81658 476-5577 . . ' r DANIEL DOIIGLAS CAHILL P. O. Box 1077 ' Vail, Colorado 81658 (303) 476-5577 WORK EXPERIENCE 1978 - Present VAIL ASSOCIATES, INC., Vail, Colorado Lift Operations Leadership of four mechanical staff members. Mechanic Supervision of 20-40 lift operators (summer and winter). Duties Include: All aspects of personnel management; i.e. screening, interviewing, hiring, training, discipline and on-going supervision of lift operation personnel within the lift section. On-going preventative maintenance for highspeed detachable and fixed-grip chairlifts, including complete inspections, responding to and repair of lift failures. Construct minor lift modifications for safety and operational efficiency. Interface with other Mountain Operations departments for special events assistance, interdepartmental training, and coordinate snowcat needs. Summer 1985-86 VAIL ASSOCIATES. INC., Vail, Colorado Lift Construction Assistant Supervisor for the removal and reinstallation of Chairlift #3 - Vail, and Chairlift #4 - Beaver Creek. Duties Included: Co-management of removing and installing a chairlift. Supervision of a Lift Construction Crew of eight persons. Management of lift engineering and blueprint specifications. Construction budget development and management. Heavy equipment operation. Management of all facets for concrete construction. Surveying tower holes for placement. Scheduling materials and helicopter assistance for tower placement. All aspects of lift cable and rope installation and prepare chairlift for load tests to be inspected by governmental agencies. ~ - ~ - Summer 1979 VAIL ASSOCIATES, INC., Vail, Colorado ' Lift Construction Crew member for the construction of Chairlift #5 - Vail. Duties Included: Placement of concrete for tower and lift terminals. Placement of all towers, lift and terminal machinery. Construction of motor room - and components. Winter 1978-79 VAIL ASSOCIATES. INC., Vail, Colorado Chairlift Maintain a safe load and unload area to insure an Operator - excellent guest experience and skier safety. 1977-1978 LL RIVER BEND RANCH, Douglas, Wyoming Ranch Foreman Assisted in the redevelopment of non-operational cattle ranch to include cattle and sheep purchasing, fence construction, irrigation system maintenance, planting and harvesting of cattle feed, sale of hay, operation of feed lot, sale of cattle, and ranch house remodel. ADDITIONAL AORR E%PERIENCE Heavy equipment knowledge and operation. Electrical installation and maintenance. Plumbing installation and maintenance. Home remodeling and construction. Minor vehicle repair. Hydraulic systems design and blueprints. EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF PUGET SOUND, Tacoma, Washington (1977) B.S. Business Administration/Marketing. Honors. Member of SAE Fraternity; House Manager (paid position) responsible for all house maintenance, repairs, budgets. OTHER TRAINING Mountain States Supervisory Skills Seminar Personnel Procedures Training Financial Budget Development Concrete Testing Certification Jim Ellis Schools for Advance Lift Maintenance Riblet Training on Planetary Chairlift Gear Boxes PROFESSIONAL ASSOCIATIONS Rocky Mountain Lift Association Board Member , Vice President 1987-88 NSAA Training Film Committee PERSONAL Marital Status: Married Health: Excellent Interests: Skiing, Pottery, Board sailing, Carpentry, Mechanics. References furnished upon request. . ~IEMORANDIIM TO: Vail Town Council FROM: Community Development Department DATE: March 5, 1992 SUBJECT: Fee Schedule Adjustment At a previous work session, the Town Council directed the staff to initiate amendments to the Town Municipal Code, adjusting the fee schedule for Planning, Building and Fire Department reviews of development proposals. The staff's initial amendments to the fee schedule were presented to the Town Council at their December 11, 1990 work session. Based upon the Council input at that work session, and additional background work completed by the staff, a revised fee schedule is again presented. In addition to the standard fees charged for development proposals within the Town of Vail, included with this amendment are the Commercial Core I and Commercial Core II pay-in-lieu of parking fees. At the present time, the fees for development in these areas are $3,000 per commercial space, and $5,000 per residential space. These fees are established in the zoning code within Chapter 18.52. = The exhibits which are attached to this memorandum include a comparison of the fee schedules of other communities, as well as a breakdown of the Town of Vail's existing and proposed fees. Also included for the Town Council's consideration is the average hourly breakdown, per department, of time spent on specific development proposals. It should be noted that the hourly review periods do not include any staff time spent in public hearings. While the staff believes it is important that the Council consider staff time and expenditures for development proposals, we believe it necessary that the Council balance those concerns with the quality level of service that should be provided by a municipal government. While we believe that our proposed fee schedule is reasonable, given the average review time spent by the Town staff, we would point out that the proposed fee schedule does not completely cover the total expenditures of staff time. , ~''~w, TOWN OF VAIL COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT FEE SCHEDULE February 25, 1991 APPLICA'.'.ION EXISTING PROPOSED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC WORKS FIRE DEPT. TOTAL AVERAGE - TOWN OF TYPE FEE FEE REVIEW* REVIEW* REVIEW* VAIL REVIEW - HOURS 1) Conditional Use RANGE AVERAGE RANGE AVERAGE AVERAGE Permits $100.00 $200.00 3 - 4 3.5 0 - 4 1 0.25 4.75 2) Variance's $100.00 $200.00 6 - 7 6.5 0 -40 8 2.5 17.0 3) Special Development Districts: (18.40.130) a) Establishment of SDD $500.00 $750.00 80-120 100.0 5 -20 8 2.0 110.0 b) Major Amendments $500.00 $500.00 40-60 50.0 2 -10 4 4.0 58.0 c) Minor Amendments $100.00 $200.00 3 - 4 3.5 0 - 1 0 2.0 5.5 4) Zoning Code Amendments $100.00 $250.00 6 - 8 7.0 1 - 2 1 1.0 9.0' 5) Zone District Amendments (rezonings) $100.00 $200.00 3 - 4 3.5 1 -10 4 1.0 8.5 6). Exterior Alterations: a) Less than 100 sq.ft. $100.00 $200.00 3 - 4 3.5 1 - 4 2 1.0 6.5 b) More than 100 sq.ft. $100.00 $500.00 10-20 15.0 1 - 4 2 1.0 18.0 APPLICAfiION EXISTING PROPOSED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC WORKS FIRE DEPT. TOTAL AVERAGE - TOWN OF TYPE FEE FEE REVIEW* REVIEW* REVIEW* VAIL REVIEW - HOURS , RANGE AVERAGE RANGE AVERAGE AVERAGE , 7) Subdivisions: a) Major (Prelim./ $100.00 $500.00 60-120 90.0 40-200 100 2.0 192.0 Final) plus $20.00 per platted a lot b) Minor $100.00 $250.00 8-10 9.0 5 -20 10 1.0 20.0 c) Duplex $100.00 $100.00 1 - 2 1.5 1 -.4 2 .5 4.0 d) Single Family $100.00 $100.00 1 - 2 1.5 1 -10 8 .5 10.0 e) Condominium and Townhouse Plats $100.00 $100.00 1 - 2 1.5 1 - 4 2 1.0 4.5 f) Condcminium Conversions $100.00 $500.00 10-20 15.0 0 - 1 0 5.0 20.0 8) Additional GRFA (250) $100.00 $200.00 3 - 4 3.5 0 - 1 0 .25 3.75 9) Secondary Unit on Lots of Less Than 15,000 sq.ft. (P/S) $100.00 $100.00 0 - 1 .5 0 - 1 0 0 .50 10) Sign $ 20.00 $ 20.00 1 - 3 2.0 0 - 1 0 0 2.( plus $1.00 per sq.ft. of sign are . „ APPLICATION EXISTING PROPOSED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC WORKS FIRE DEPT. TOTAL AVERAGE - TOWN OF TYPE FEE FEE REVIEW* REVIEW* REVIEW* VAIL REVIEW - HOURS RANGE AVERAGE RANGE AVERAGE AVERAGE 11) ,,.Sign Variance $ 20.00 $200.00 8 - 10 9.0 0 - 1 0 0 9.0 12) ~ CCI and CCII Parking .Fund - Pay-in-Lieu (Per space) : - : , a) Residential $5,000 $8,000 n/a n/a n/a n/a b) Commercial $3,000 $8,000 n/a n/a n/a n/a 13 ) Hazard ?`regulations a) Dispute of Designation -0- $200.00 4- 5 4.5 2- 8 4 0 8.5 b) Map Amendment -0- $200.00 4 - 5 4.5 2 -10 4 0 8.5 c) Floowplain -0- $250.00 8 - 10 9.0 5 -10 8 0 17.0 Modification 14) AIPP a) Temporary Site -0- $200.00 3 - 4 3.5 0 - 2 1 0 4.5 Apprrwal b) Project Review Fee -0- -0- 4 - 6 5.0 0 - 2 1 0 6.0 ~ . 15) DRB Application Fees: Valuation $ 0 - $ 10,000 $ 10.00 $ 20.00 4 - 5 4.5 1 - 4 2 1 7.5 $ 10,001 - $ 50,000 $ 25.00 $ 50.00 _ $ 50,,001 - $ 150,000 $ 50.00 $100.00 $ 150,001 - $ 500,000 $100.00 $200.00 $ 500,001 - $1,000,000 $200.00 $400.00 Over - $1,000,000 $300.00 $500.00 All DRB application fees shall be paid at the time of submittal, not at the time of Building Permit. APPLICATION EXISTING PROPOSED COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT PUBLIC WORKS FIRE DEPT. TOTAL AVERAGE -TOWN OF TYPE FEE FEE REVIEW* REVIEW* REVIEW* VAIL REVIEW - HOURS , RANGE, AVERAGE RANGE AVERAGE, AVERAGE 16) ,,Revocable ROW Permits -0- $50.00 1 - 2 1.5 1 - 4 2.0 1 4.5 *This is an approximation of the average, review time required by staff to process and review the application. Does not include time spent in public meetings. , . , **Note: If any of the above applications include a separate review and/or permit by an outside agency (i.e local, State or Federal), the Town of Vail application fee shall be increased by $200.00. Examples would include, but not be limited to, CDOH access permits, Army Corps of Engineers 404 permits, etc. ***The Applicant shall be responsible for paying any publishing fees which are in excess of 50$ of the application fee. If, at the applicant's request for postponement, readvertisement is required, the entire publication fee shall be paid by the applicant. ****Projects deemed by the Department of Community Development to have significant design, land use or other implications on the community may require review by professionals outside of the Town staff. In this event, the applicant shall reimburse the Town for expenses incurred by this review. j FEE COMPARISONS MINOR SIGN , TOWNS CONDITIONAL SPECIAL DEVELOPMENT MAJOR USE VARIANCE DISTRICTS SUBDIVISION SUBDIVISION SIGN ARIANCE TOV , ' EXISTING $100 $100 $500 $100 $100 $20 $20 TOV $100 or $100 or $20 + $100 or PROPOSED $200 .$200 $500 $500 $100 $1/sq.ft. $200 . BOULDER $100 $ 50 $100 + $100 + $100 Based on $ 75 $ 10/acre $ 2/lot cost of over 25 lots sign BRECKENRIDGE $ 50 $ 40 $150 + $ 75 + $ 50 + $10 to DO NOT $ 15/unit $ 5/lot $ 5/lot $40 ACCEPT AVON $ 50 $100 + $150 + $150 BASED ON $ 25 ublishing cost $ 3/lot SIGN Sketch Plar Sketch Plan VALUATIONS $200 + _ $ 50 $ 10/lot Preliminary Preliminary Hearina Hearina $ 50 + $ 50 + $ 10/lot $ 10/lot Final Hearina Final Hearina EAGLE MAJOR $200 PRELIMINARY-MAJOR PRELIMINARY-MAJOR "A" Type $20 + NONE (NEEDS EIR) (over 20 units) (over 20 lots) $525 + $ 1/sq ft ~ $600 $500 + $20/unit $500 + $15/unit $ 10/lot and/or ,000 sq.ft/commercia "B" Type $375 + MINOR _ PRELIMINARY-MINOR PRELIMINARY-MINOR. $ 10/lot $250 (20 or fewer units) (20 or fewer lots) $300 + $20/unit $200 + $15/unit ~ FINAL FINAL $200 + $15/lot $200 + Admin. Fees - . i<' y~~ town of uaii 75 south frontage road office of community development vail, Colorado 81857 (303)479-2138 (303)479-2139 February 28, 1991 Ms. Ginny Culp Gore Range Properties, Inc. 511 Lionshead Mall Vail, CO 81657 Re: woodburning Fireplace Issue Dear Ginny: Thank you for your letter concerning the woodburning fireplace issue. You expressed concern in your letter about the $10,000 fee assessment. This idea was not incorporated into the final ordinance addressing new and existing fireplaces. Council agreed with the points you raised in your letter, and felt the $10,000 fee was inappropriate. In addition, you asked if any air quality data had been gathered to measure pollution in the Vail Valley. I have attached an air quality study completed by Air Sciences. If you have specific questions about the report, please feel free to contact Susan Scanlan, our Environmental Health Officer. You also asked if we had actually researched what other communities have accomplished for air quality planning. Susan Scanlan did extensive research on other communities in Colorado. I have also attached her research for your information. The idea of banning wood burning on heavy pollution days has been implemented. However, the ban on wood burning is only voluntary at this time. This ban is publicized for Presidents' Weekend. I believe that the Town Council will also consider increasing the number of voluntary, no burn days this upcoming year. Ms. Ginny Culp February 28, 1991 Page 2 From what our department has been able to gather about the Beaver Creek system, this does not appear to be an appropriate option for the Vail community. The system in Beaver Creek is designed to work when ambient pollutant levels reach a certain limit. The exceedance of these limits would cause the red lights to go on to notify individuals not to add more wood to their fires. The monitoring system and required thermocouples continue to be installed in every woodburning fireplace. However, the system has never been operational and it is our understanding that it will be expensive to make the system functional. For your information, I have attached the new fireplace ordinance. At the evening Council meeting when this ordinance was approved, there were members of the Vail community who attended the meeting. Many of these people stated they felt it was unfair that only new residences were being required to utilize gas fireplaces. The citizens strongly encouraged the Council to address the existing fireplaces in the Town of Vail. At this time, the Town Council is working with the Planning and Environmental Commission to develop a strategy for addressing existing fireplaces in Vail. Thank you for your interest in this important issue. It is my hope that the community can develop a progressive and meaningful program to address air quality. If you have additional questions, please contact Susan Scanlan or myself, and we will be happy to talk with you. Sincerely, `~ri ~(i Kristan Pritz Community Development Director /ab cc: Mayor Kent Rose and Council Ron Phillips, Town Manager Susan Scanlan Attachments: ` Air Sciences Study Fireplace Ordinance Research Memorandum L MEMORANDIIM TO: Vail Town Council Planning and Environmental Commission FROM: Community Development Department DATE: March 5, 1991 RE: Air Quality/Fireplace Conversion Issue Information Update Based on discussion at the joint PEC/Town Council meeting February 12, 1991, the staff has taken the following measures to address the issues raised at the meeting and to proceed with the development of an integrated plan to deal with the existing woodburning units. A. Wood Burninq 1. Emissions Inventory Completed by Air Sciences, Inc. There were a number of questions raised about the information contained in the inventory and also in relation to the validity of the inventory. At the time the report was completed, the Planning Commission was able to question Rodger Steen of Air Sciences during the meeting when the completed report was presented. The Town Council was not afforded a similar opportunity at that time. Rodger Steen has agreed to make himself available for the work session on March 5 to address any questions. 2. Woodburning Alternatives Staff has contacted Dave Van Duinen of Frisco Fireplace and has scheduled a mutually convenient time when he would be able to bring his mobile display trailer to our area. This would allow Council as well as the general public to view some of the available new technology for gas as well as woodburning units. We have arranged for the display to be in our area on March 16th and 17th with times and location to be ' determined. This visual display of gas and woodburning units may help to resolve some of the issues concerning new technologies. J 3. Conversion of Existing Woodburning Units At this time the staff would like to work toward the development of a voluntary program for conversion of woodburning units for a one to two year period. Individuals would be encouraged to convert their existing units. During this 1-2 year time frame, the following issues would be addressed in conjunction with the conversions efforts: a. Complete inventory of existing units - both woodburning and gas. b. Extensive public education program to inform individuals of the acceptable alternatives to uncontrolled woodburning, the health effects, visual impacts, etc. c. Possible incentive programs for conversion - use of sales tax monies on wood sales, other sources. " If a fund source could be created, the staff would suggest establishing a fixed dollar rebate program to encourage voluntary conversion, possibly $200 per conversion. Staff feels it may be necessary to provide incentives to encourage greater success of a voluntary conversion program, but does not -feel rebates should be provided if conversion is required. It may also be possible to secure cost savings on purchase of units - staff is investigating. d. Set goal for number of conversions to be completed by end of the voluntary time period to determine the success of the program. This number could be set based on the development statistics which have number of units in the Town and would be tracked through building permits. As the voluntary program progresses, measures could be developed to evaluate the program to determine if additional measures need to be taken. B. Sandincr There has been discussion concerning the contribution of road sanding material to the air quality picture and possible control strategies for dealing with the problem. Staff has had considerable discussion regarding this topic with PEC, State Health"Department and Colorado Department of ° Highways. While the Colorado Department of Highways (CDOH) is open to discussion on the topic, they cannot change practices to suit the needs of individual communities. The CDOH did suggest if a united position could be presented from a representative group such as Colorado Association of Ski Towns (CAST), it might be possible to implement some changes. We recommend that this issue be presented to CAST by Town representatives at an upcoming meeting. Staff will also check with CDOH to see if any new test results are available on sanding materials. The State Health Department has also been conducting studies as to the most acceptable road sanding material, i.e., least polluting, most cost effective, etc. and this may result in a change of recommendation for acceptable sanding material throughout the state. The staff is working to coordinate a meeting date with the Public Works Department, possibly at the March 11, 1991 .meeting, to determine what the Town's current sanding/ sweeping policy is. . PM10 PARTICULATE EMISSION INVENTORY GORE VALLEY, EAGLE COUNTY, COLORADO Prepared for _ Town of Vail Vail, CO _ Prepared by Air Sciences Inc. Lakewood, CO Project 61-01 May 1989 4 S SUMMARY The Gore Valley has been designated a Group ll area with regard to PM10 particulates by the U.S. EPA. This means that the area has a reasonable probability of exceeding the PM10 particulate ambient standards. As an initial step to identify the relative importance of the PM10 sources in the valley, an emission's inventory of the current sources is developed. Once the relative PM10 contributions of the sources are known, decisions can be made on which sources should be controlled to most effectively decrease the PM 10 concentrations. The year of 1990 is selected for an estimation of emissions and the entire valley from east of s the Bighorn area to west of West Vail is inventoried. The inventory includes emissions from wood burning equipment, sand and dirt resuspension from roads, engine exhaust and exhaust from restaurants. The inventory indicates a partitioning of emissions among the sources as follows: Source Percent Wood burning 57 Resuspension from roads 39 Vehicle exhaust 2 Restaurants 2 Total 100 The approximation of quantities of emissions involves an estimation of activity levels for each source category and an application of a generic emission factor to the activity levels: Neither the activity levels nor the emission factors are well defined for the Gore Valley and results of this inventory should be considered approximate. Wood burning exhaust contributes about three-fifths of the total emissions and street dirt and sand resuspension about two-fifths. Neither diesel exhaust nor restaurants are significant contributors and can be eliminated from further studies. Of the wood burning emissions, the majority are from fireplaces because of the predominance of their use even though on aper-unit-of- wood-burned basis they emit about half that of a stove. Of the sand and dirt resuspension, three- - quarters are from the interstate while one-quarter are from local streets. Sanding of the interstate is / a major contributor and this activity is controlled by the State of Colorado and not Eagle county or Town of Vail. i - I Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 2.0 ACTIVITY LEVELS 4 2.1 Fire places . 4 2.2 Wood Stoves 4 2.3 Road Dirt Resuspension, Local and Interstate 5 2.4 Road Sanding Resuspension, Local and Interstate 7 2.5 Vehicle Tail Pipe Exhaust -Local and Interstate . 7 2.6 Restaurant Grills and Charbroilers 7 2.7 Activity Summary 8 3.0 EMISSION FACTORS 9 3.1 Fire places 9 3.2 Wood Stoves 9 3.3 Road Dirt Resuspension, Local and Interstate 10 3.4 Road Sanding Resuspension, Local and Interstate 10 3.5 Vehicle Tail Pipes, Local and Interstate 11 3.6 Restaurant Grills 11 4.0 EMISSIONS 12 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS 16 4 II L List of Tables f 1 DWELLING BY AREA-1986 AND 1990 2 2 WOOD CONSUMPTION BY FIREPLACES ON PEAK DAY-1990 4 3 BURN TIMES FOR WOOD STOVES ON PEAK DAY-1990 S 4 HISTORIC DAILY AVERAGE INTERSTATE TRAFFIC VOLUME 6 S ESTIMATED DAILY INTERSTATE TRAFFIC VOLUME-1990 6 6 INTERSTATE LENGTHS AND VEHICLE-MILES ON PEAK DAY-1990 6 7 LOCAL VEHICLE-MILES ON PEAK DAY-1990 7 - 8 RESTAURANT GRILL AND CHARBROILER PEAK DAY HOURS OF USE 8 9 ACTIVITY LEVEL SUMMARY FOR PEAK DAY-1990 8 10 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ON PEAK DAY-1990 (Ib) 12 11 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ON PEAK DAY-1990 (percent) 12 - iii List of Figures C 1 GORE CREEK VALLEY EM1SS1ON AREAS 3 2 CONTRIBUTION OF SOURCES TO TOTAL PM 10 EMISSIONS 15 C C - iv R ti 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Gore Valley has been categorized by the U.S. EPA as a PM10 Group 11 area. PM10 represents particulates with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns. These small-sized particulates are considered to be a health concern if in concentrations higher than the national standards. Group II categorization indicates a high probability of exceeding the standards at some time in the Gore Valley. A local Implementation Plan (L1P) is to be developed to decrease ambient concentrations in the valley. Technical aspects for the development of this plan include: • estimation of emissions in the year 1990, • evaluation of the relative effect of these sources on ambient concentrations, • evaluation of possible emission control strategies, • evaluation of the relative costs of each control strategy versus its effect on the ambient concentrations, and • formalization of an emission control strategy to decrease these emissions. This report addresses the first and second of the required steps to the L1P development. The primary goal is to estimate the emissions. Particulate emission sources are near ground-level and are well dispersed throughout the valley- So, it can be assumed that the sources disperse equally and that each source category has an effect on ambient concentrations in proportion to its relative strength. Estimates of emissions are based on a hypothetical day when PM10 emissions are highest and this day is assumed to be over Christmas week, when occupancy rates are maximum and following within a few days of sanding of the roads in the valley. The estimates are developed from emission rate information in the technical literature and past studies on activity levels in the Gore Valley. Activity levels are the rates of usage of the sources, such as total number of restaurants grill- ` hours per day over Christmas week. Another example is the tons of wood burned per day in wood stoves. Source categories considered responsible for the majority of the particulate emissions and under study herein are: • Fireplaces • Wood stoves • Dirt resuspension from roads • Sanding material resuspension • Local traffic tail pipes • Interstate traffic tail pipes • Restaurant grills & charbroilers 1 This study. proceeds by estimating the activity levels for each of the source categories from r ` measurements made either in the valley or elsewhere. Then the data is extrapolated from the year of data measurement to the year 1990. Next, the emissions per unit of activity are taken from the literature. These are called the emission factors and represent average results from tests conducted elsewhere. The final section of this report contains the result of coupling the activity data and emission factors into emission's estimates. The Gore Valley is a nine mile east-west oriented valley, from where I-70 turns south on the east end of the valley to the topographical restriction one and one-half miles east of Dowd's Junction at the west end. Over the nine miles the valley rises 700 feet in elevation from 7,900 feet on the west end to 8,600 feet on the east end. For this study the average elevation of 8,200 feet is used. On the north and south sides of the valley the mountains rise abruptly. The developed areas, with particulate emissions, are in the narrow valley bottom. These areas are broken into four, somewhat ill defined developments along the valley which are Bighorn at the east end, East Vail, Vail Village and West Vail on the west end of the valley. These are shown on Figure 1. Emissions are grouped by these four areas. From Vail Associates, Inc. statistics, for expansion of Vail Mountain (Air Sciences, 1985), the number of dwelling units, in 1990 is estimated. The division of dwelling units in 1986, among the four areas excluding hotel units, is provided in Table 1. TABLE 1 DWELLING UNITS BY AREA- 1986 AND 1990 Accommodations Area (1986) (1990) Percent Bighorn 1,277 1,393 21 East Vail 876 956 14 Vail Village 2,585 2,820 43 West Vail 1,319 1,439 22 Total 6,057 6,608 100 The same split is assumed to continue through 1990. The worst-case hypothetical day in 1990 is assumed to be a winter day during the Christmas holidays when residency rates are highest. The change in residency rates from 1986 through 1990 is assumed to be equal to the change in peak-day skier population which was expected by Vail Associates to increase 2.2 percent per year. 2 2.0 ACTIVITY LEVELS The sources described above have emissions that are linear with the amount of activity of the source. For example, the quantity of fireplace emissions will be in direct ratio with the quantity of wood burned. For road dirt resuspension, the amount of airborne dust is a function of the number of vehicles driving over the roads. The activity levels are developed in this section and applied to the emission factors of Section 3.0 to produce the emission estimates of Section 4.0. 2.1 Fireplaces The Gore Valley fireplace activity level is presented in terms of quantity of wood burned on the 1990 peak day. From a wood burning survey performed in Vail by Cogan in 1984, annual statistics are available. The statistics represent burning habits and equipment types for a portion of the permanent residents. These statistics are assumed to apply to all residences and condominiums in the valley. The Cogan statistics indicate a distribution of wood consumption between fireplaces and stoves of 75 percent and 25 percent, respectively. Annual wood consumption by 6,130 dwelling units was estimated at 12,462 tons. Peak day consumption of wood was calculated from the ratio of peak day skiers in 1985 to total skiers and the ratio is 1.2 percent. Thus, peak day wood consumption was 48.8 lbs. per dwelling unit. Three-quarters of this consumption was in fireplaces, or 36.6 lbs. Total wood consumption by fireplaces is calculated by applying this consumption rate to the number of dwelling units estimated for 1990 in Table 1 and the results are listed in Table 2. TABLE 2 WOOD CONSUMPTION BY FIREPLACES ON PEAK DAY - 1990 Area Quantity (tons) Bighorn 25.5 East Vail 17.5 Vail Village 51.6 West Vail 26.3 Total 120.9 2.2 Wood Stoves Activity levels for wood stoves are derived differently from fireplaces because the most appropriate emission factors are in terms of total time of burning rather than wood consumed. Total burning time is derived from the Cogan statistics in the following way. It is determined from 4 I t, i~ ~ t \~~.s s': Fay 4. :1 ; ~I ~ ~ ~ VAIL VILLAGE I. ~ C / ~ ~ Ik % ~ _ _ _ _ ~ ~~~I .i I~ ~ E 1 ~ ' ~ ~?~--f~ --(EAST VAIL I _ ' ~~i~ I _ BIGHORN _ j. ~ WEST VAIL I~~~({ ~ . • i . \ , 's' _ g'. _ a I ~ _ 1_ `\~q ~ _ + i r q r ~ a ~ r- ~ r.~~ IJg?v ~ I .lam" T • ~ _ _ ~ \ ~ 1 % ~ tea: ~ ` ~ l r`~ ` i.:.. 1 ~ j -,.~t ,fir ~ ~ ~ a ~ •,'y ~ - v . \ ._r%,\ ~ )!i ' • III _~~!=_=.,~.1(;;"~'% ~ % X1.1• ~ ; t , • ~ 1 ~ ~ ' ~ \ ~ ~ i ' ~ FIGURE 1 ~ scut ~s.aoo .rr: ~ I((/, r = ; a... - o - m GORE CREEK VALLEY . ;r. 1/ ~ - ~ N AREAS , ca..au...rt.vY w « a V {a..rw..K C .iY ,1 ~ v - .w... « e >o ~ - - ~ yr .w•..~ rosJ. I.11 1 -T-]Y IV ~~.1.. .~~•ti~M.~~~,li.:lfOT' IV ~«.I I'~~ew Hw • ' f t {F F • ~ . Section 2.1 that a total of 48.8 Ibs of wood is burned per dwelling unit on the peak day. One-quarter i of this is burned in stoves, or 12.2 Ibs. This quantity is converted into burn time by a study from the Colorado Department of Health (King, 1985). In King's work, Colorado residences require a heat rate of 522 BTU/degree-hour. Assuming a temperature of 20 °F (average for Vail in December) and an inside temperature of 65 °F, operating stove heat rates will be an average of 23,490 BTU/hour. Wood heat content is approximately 6,500 BTU/Ib (AP-42, Table A-10). Wood stoves in 1990 will have a thermal efficiency of approximately 60 percent so fuel heat consumption will be 39,150 . BTU/hour or 6.02 Ibs/hour. At a rate of 6.02 Ibs/hour, the average consumption per dwelling of 12.2 Ibs will occur over 2.03 hours. Total burn times shown in Table 3 are calculated by applying this burn _ time to the number of dwelling units. TABLE 3 BURN TIMES FOR WOOD STOVES ON PEAK DAY - 1990 Area Time (hours) Bighorn 2,822 East Vail 1,936 Vail Village 5,712 West Vail 2,91 S ` Total 13,384 2.3 Road Dirt Resuspension, Local and Interstate Road dust resuspension is a result of dirt carry-out from road berms and unpaved roads. The dirt is carried onto high-volume paved roadways, ground to fine size and resuspended into the air. For purposes of estimating the resuspension emissions, road-surface loadings for local and expressways are applied to traffic volumes on the roads. Traffic is divided into the categories of local and interstate. The two differ in that local traffic travels at slower speeds, and local roads are under the jurisdiction of the Town of Vail and Eagle County. The interstate is under State control. Dirt loadings and control measures for the two differ. ; Traffic volume for the interstate is estimated from historical Colorado Department of Highways (1988) data. The data from 1974 through 1987 is shown on Table 4, categorized by ~ sampling location east and west of the Vail Village Interchange. The 1990 traffic projection is derived from a least squares fit to the historic data and is presented in Table S. Next, the daily 5 g y. average figures are transformed to peak day figures using the ratio 1.54 which is the ratio of peak ~ . day to average on Interstate 70 at Dillon, in Summit County. Traffic volume is defined in terms of vehicle miles traveled, and the travel distance for each vehicle in each valley area is defined in Table 6. Total miles traveled on the peak day by area in 1990 are also listed in Table 6. TABLE 4 HISTORIC DAILY AVERAGE INTERSTATE TRAFFIC VOLUME 1974 1976 1978 1980 1982 1984 1985 1986 1987 East 6,750 7,750 9,400 10,700 12,500 12,200 14,000 13,200 13,200 West 6,500 7,750 9,300 10,000 14,900 14,700 14,700 17,300 15,700 TABLE 5 ESTIMATED DAILY INTERSTATE TRAFFIC VOLUME - 1990 Average Maximum East 15,777 24,297 West 19,423 29,911 TABLE 6 INTERSTATE LENGTHS AND VEHICLE-MILES ON PEAK DAY - 1990 Total Vehicle Area Length (mil Miles Bighorn 2.27 55,154 East Vail 2.46 59,771 Vail Village 2.28 61,797 West Vail 1.89 56,532 Total 233,254 Local traffic volumes are taken from the previous analysis of emissions in the Gore Valley (Air Sciences, 1985) and linear interpolation for 1990 from the predicted 1986 and 1993 local traffic estimates. The 1990 local traffic estimates are provided in Table 7. 6 . TABLE 7 LOCAL VEHICLE-MILES ON PEAK DAY - 1990 Total Vehicle Area Miles Bighorn 5,150 East Vai I 15,152 s Vail Village 4,442 West Vail 6,236 Total 30,980 2.4 Road Sanding Resuspension, Local and Interstate Road sanding emissions are a result of sand or cinders used #or providing traction on the highways, which is fractured and mechanically suspended in the air by vehicle tires when the road becomes dry. These emissions are estimated from the volume of traffic on the road and these volumes have been estimated in the above Tables 6 and 7. 2.5 Vehicle Tail Pipe Exhaust -Local and Interstate Particulate emissions from diesel engines are of interest . These emissions are estimated from vehicle miles traveled as is for resuspension emissions. The activity levels for the peak day in 1990 are ` given in Tables 6 and 7. 2.6 Restaurant Grills and Charbroilers Restaurant grill and charbroiler emissions are a function of the hours of operation and type of grill. The Town of Vail conducted a survey of the number of grill and charbroiler units and hours of operation in conjunction with the preparation of this report. These data define the activity level for the restaurant source of particulates. The 1989 hours of operation have been increased by 2.2 ` percent to estimate 1990 hours and the values are provided in Table 8. z ~ 7 ~a TABLE 8 ~ RESTAURANT GRILL AND CHARBROtLER PEAK DAY HOURS OF USE 1989 1990 Area Grill Charbroiler Grill Charbroiler Bighorn 0 0 0 0 East Vail 0 4 0 4 Vail Village 68 215 70 220 West Vail 19 12 19 12 Total 87 231 89 236 2.7 Activity Summary The emissions are estimated by multiplying the activity levels for the various particulate sources by emission factors. The activity levels are summarized in Table 9. TABLE 9 ACTIVITY LEVEL SUMMARY FOR PEAK DAY - 1990 Source Units Bighorn East Vail Vail Village West Vail Total Fireplaces (tons-wood) 26 18 52 26 121 Wood Stoves (hours) 2,822 1,936 5,712 2,915 13,384 Dirt Respn-Icl (vmt) 5,1 SO 15,152 4,442 6,236 30,980 Dirt Respn-Int (vmt) 55,154 59,771 61,797 56,532 233,254 Sanding Respn-Ici (vmt) 5,150 15,152 4,442 6,236 30,980 Sanding Respn-Int (vmt) 55,154 59,771 61,797 5b,532 233,254 Tail pipes Lcl (vmt) 5,150 15,152 4,442 6,236 30,980 Tail pipes Int (vmt) 55,154 59,771 61,797 56,532 233,254 Grills (hours) 0 0 70 19 89 Charbroilers (hours) 0 4 220 12 236 . 8 3.0 EMISSION FACTORS g In all cases, except for restaurant grills, the emissions are derived from emission factors measured at other locations, but for the same type of source. There are always unique features about an air basin which make emission factors measured at other locations only approximate and (r this is true for the Gore valley. Most combustion source emissions are measured at low altitudes and these emissions generally increase with altitude because the devices are designed for efficient operation with near-sea-level density air. This applied to wood burning, restaurants and vehicle exhaust. The resuspension emissions are difficult to measure regardless of altitude. They depend on many factors not defined during the tests such as friability of the dirt and sanding material, mix of tire tread patterns on the roads, road surface and speed of the vehicles. The factors used herein are limited in accuracy by not accounting for these differences. 3.1 Fireplaces Fireplace emissions have been measured recently by Shelton Research, Inc. (1987) in Santa Fe, New Mexico, under contract to the Colorado Department of Health. These results are appropriate for fireplace operation at the elevation of Vail because elevation of the laboratory is 6,900 feet, which is much nearer that of Vail than other emission studies. There are no available altitude correction factors. The data are variable from fireplace to fireplace but give an average PM10 particulate emission of 28.8 Ibs per ton of wood burned. 3.2 Wood Stoves Wood stove emissions have been tested by Shelton (1985) at an elevation of 6,900 feet. The testing was on contract with the Colorado Department of Health and was for the purpose of assisting the department in developing emission regulations for stoves. The study measured emissions from pre-1987 stove designs and the average particulate emission rate for the Denver ~ ` elevation was 63 grams per hour. The Colorado Regulation 4, for wood stoves, limits new stove designs to 30 grams per hour. With an estimated 25 percent new stove designs in Vail for 1990, the combined emission rate will be 54.8 grams per hour. There is a measured difference in emissions as a function of elevation which is an approximate increase of 60 percent from Denver to Vail. This is ` based on the measured emission difference of a factor of 2.2 over an elevation of 6,600 feet r 9 (Shelton, 1985, Table 4). A 60 percent increase of the 54.8 grams per hour value yields an emission ~ rate for Vail of 87.7 grams per hour (0.193 Ibs/hour). 3.3 Road Dirt Resuspension, Local and Interstate i Road dirt resuspension is the process of mechanically suspending the materials on a road surface through the action of vehicle tires. The material is generally dirt carried onto the road surface from dirt roads and parking areas. Other sources are the worn materials from vehicle brake linings and tires. The amount of dirt on the surface is a complex function of climate and degree of vehicle movement from paved to nonpaved surfaces, plus the frequency of street sweeping and other factors. No measurements of surface dirt loadings on the streets and interstate in the Gore Valley are available, so estimates are taken from the literature and measurements at other cities. _ From AP-42 Table 11.2.5-4, an average PM10 emission due to resuspension of particulates from local paved roads is 0.018 IbNMT, and emission from the interstate is 0.00067 IbNMT. 3.4 Road Sanding Resuspension, Local and Interstate Sanding of the local roads and Interstate 70 occurs during or after a storm. After the snow and ice are melted from the road surface, the remaining sanding material is pulverized and thrown from the road by the tire movement over the road. The length of time particles remain airborne depends upon the size of the particle. Estimates of air emissions from tire motion over sanded roads are dependent upon factors such as friability of the sanding material, rate of application, speed of vehicles, features of the paved surface and others. No tests have been made on the material used for sanding the Vail area roadways, nor of the emissions from the interstate surface so information gathered in Denver under different conditions is used. From a 1980 study of Lakewood and Denver streets, total suspended particulate (TSP) emissions from travel on sanded streets is estimated at 77 grams per vehicle-mile-traveled (Air Pollution Control Division, 1985). ~ The 77 gNMT emission factor stated above is for TSP emissions. From AP-42 (U.S. EPA, 1985, Table 11.2.5-1) the ratio of PM10 particulates to TSP is 0.39. When this ratio is applied, the PM10 emission factor becomes 30 gNMT (0.066 IbNMT). For application to the entire Gore Valley it is _ assumed that the particulate emissions occur over several days. In particular, it is assumed that different parts of the highway system become dry over afive-day period and the average factor is six gNMT (0.0132 IbNMT) applied to all vehicle miles traveled. 10 4 3.5 Vehicle Tail Pipes, Local and Interstate Vehicle particulate exhaust is broken into two categories, local and interstate. Particulate emissions are produced only from the diesel-fired vehicles and these consist of light-duty vehicles such as cars and pickups, and heavy-duty vehicles such as buses and highway tractors. From AP-42, c Volume 11, Table N-1, bus emissions are estimated at five grams per VMT (0.011 IbNMT) and from Table A.1.1, light-duty vehicle particulate emissions are 0.6 gramNMT (0.0013 IbNMT). There is no documented correction of emissions for altitude, so these unadjusted factors are assumed to be applicable to all diesels operating in the Gore Valley. The average vehicle mix is estimated from Colorado Department of Highway studies (1985) and is approximately 59 percent passenger cars, 30 percent light-duty pickups, 4.6 percent light-duty diesel trucks and 6.4 percent heavy-duty diesel trucks. A fleet average is calculated assuming 15 percent of the vehicles are light-duty car and truck diesels and six percent are heavy-duty diesels. The emission factor for the fleet average is then 0.39 gNMT (0.00086 IbNMT). 3.6 Restaurant Grills Restaurant emission rates are divided between grills and charbroilers because grills drain off grease while charbroilers allow the grease to drip into the hot coals. The grease forms the particulates that are exhausted from these restaurant devices. Emissions from the two types of devices are different because of the way grease is handled. The particulate emissions are from a condensation process and are assumed to be entirely in the PM10 size range. Emission rates taken from a PEDCo (1977) study, performed in Vail, were estimated to be 0.54 Ib/hr for grills and from Francis and Lipinski (1977) were estimated to be 0.641b/hr for charbroilers. 11 4.0 EMISSIONS 4 L The emissions are calculated by multiplying the Section 3.0 emission factors with the Section 2.0 activity levels. A summary of the PM10 particulate emissions for. each source expected on the peak day in 1990 is presented in Table 10 by area. Table 11 presents the percent contribution of ~ particulate for all sources in each area. Figure 2 displays the partitioning of emissions among the various emission sources. TABLE 10 PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ON PEAK DAY - 1990 (Ib) Source Bighorn East Vail Vail Village West Vail Total Fireplaces 734 504 1,486 757 3,481 _ Wood Stoves 545 374 1,103 563 2,585 Dirt Respn 130 313 121 150 714 Sanding Respn 797 990 875 830 3,492 Tail pipes Lcl 4 13 4 S 26 Tail pipes lnt 47 51 53 49 200 Grills &Charbr 0 3 179 18 200 Total 2,257 2,248 3,821 2,372 10,698 TABLE 11 - PARTICULATE EMISSIONS ON PEAK DAY - 1990 (percent) Source Biahorn East Vail Vail Village West Vail Total Fireplaces 6.9 4.7 13.9 7.1 33 Wood Stoves 5.1 3.5 10.3 5.3 24 Dirt Respn 1.2 2.9 1.1 1.4 7 Sanding Respn 7.4 9.3 8.2 7.8 33 Tail pipes Lcl 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0 Tail pipes Int 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 2 Grills &Charbr 0.0 0.0 1.7 0.2 2 f Total 21.1 21.0 35.7 22.2 100 It is apparent from Table 11 that the emissions are relatively equally spread among the four areas with Vail Village having slightly higher emissions than the others. The sources with highest and nearly equal contribution are sanding resuspension, fireplaces and wood stoves. Dirt carry-on 12 Y resuspension is a.moderate source and vehicles and restaurant emissions are small. If stoves and fireplaces are categorized together as wood burning emissions, they appear to contribute three- fifths of the total PM10 emissions and the combination of dirt and sand resuspension about two- fifths ofthe total. - From Table 11, fireplace emissions are greater than wood stove emissions. On aper-unit-of- wood-burned basis fireplaces emit an average of 29 Ib/ton and stoves emit over double this rate at an average of 64 Ib/ton. The total fireplace emissions are higher than wood stoves because so much more wood is burned in fireplaces. It is generally assumed that fireplaces are used for aesthetic value _ while stoves are used for heat. It may be easier to control fireplace use because its use is not for economic purposes. Sand and dirt resuspension is a major emission category. Within this category interstate sanding contributes 73 percent, interstate dirt resuspension is minor at 4 percent, local sanding contributes 10 percent and local dirt resuspension 13 percent. The interstate sand and dirt emissions together account for 83 percent. It is apparent that the _ interstate emissions are the clear majority and that resuspension emissions cannot be effectively controlled without controlling the interstate emissions. The relative contributions listed in Tables 10, 11 and Figure 2 are imprecise and should be • interpreted as such. The resuspension values are most imprecise. Some of the variability in resuspension emissions for which no account has been taken includes: • imprecision in the initial measurement in Denver and other cities, • drying rate of Vail roadways, • type of dirt and quantity applied, ' • type of tire treads on the roadways, and • deposition with distance from the roads. The imprecision in the resuspension emissions are estimated to be a factor of three. Thus, the - estimated tons of PM10 dust listed as resuspended in Table 10 could be greater by three times or less by two-thirds. 13 a Wood burning emissions are also imprecise, by a smaller amount. This is because of r imprecision in: • emission measurements, • altitude adjustments, • statistics on wood burning habits, and • estimate of peak-day wood consumption. These combined imprecisions are estimated to result in a combined factor of about two. The relative imprecision between similar sources will be less than the above values. Between interstate and local, and between sanding and dirt resuspension the imprecision is about a factor of . two. Relative imprecision between stoves and fireplaces will be less than a factor of two. Part of the imprecision in the above emissions is due to the uncertainty in the weather conditions. Resuspension emissions will be highest in dry weather following sanding. Stove emissions will be high in cold weather. There are many combinations of weather and emissions that can cause high PM10 concentrations and the combination will vary from event to event. 14 h I Vehicle Exhaust Grills and Charbroilers I Fireplaces I Sanding Resuspension I Dirt Resuspension Wood Stoves FIGURE 2 Contribution of Sources to Total PM 10 Emissions Gore Valley-Peak Day 1990 Air Sciences Inc. R 5.0 RECOMMENDATIONS ~ There are several types of sources that can contribute to air basin emissions. The broad difference is between process sources and fugitive sources. A process source is a well defined activity with well defined emissions, such as a power plant or chemical factory. The quantity of materials processed is easily measured, the conversion efficiencies are well understood and the emission rate s i can be estimated and measured from the emission stacks. Fugitive sources are those sources with emissions that cannot be easily captured. The emission rates are variable and are poorly quantified. Generally, they are the result of a leak or an unplanned emission. Examples of fugitive emissions include the fumes that leak from the gasoline hose or an auto gas tank during the filling process, and the dust that is suspended from vehicle tires moving across road surfaces. An emission inventory is a valuable tool for estimating the relative importance of sources of pollution and is nearly always the first step in developing an emission control strategy. It focuses attention on the sources of greatest importance. Precision of the results is a function of the precision in the source usage information. Because usages of dispersed sources such as residential. woodburning appliances and vehicles are difficult to define, the inventory results are imprecise. These dispersed sources vary in usage from day to day depending upon the whims of the population and they are best quantified in terms of averages and "most likely" situations. Thus, the results should be viewed as "most likely" results. Regarding emission inventories and their application to Gore Valley, precision in the relative distributions between fireplace and wood stove emissions, and between local and interstate resuspension emissions cannot easily be improved. The partitioning of sources between wood burning and resuspension can be improved with a chemical fingerprint study. In a chemical "fingerprint" study the composition of particulate on the ambient sampling filters is analyzed and the mix of constituents is used to estimate the relative contribution of the various major source categories. A fingerprint analysis requires considerable laboratory chemical analysis. However, it can be optimized by utilizing the results of the inventory to focus on the key source types. A "fingerprint" analysis is recommended as a complement to the inventory. Other studies can be performed to increase understanding of the conditions causing elevated ~ PM 10 impacts. A logical next step is to gather basic statistics on the days when high PM 10 concentrations have been measured in the Gore Valley. This study should focus on the days of the highest 20 percent concentrations. For each of these days the month, day of the week, temperature, C 16 and snowfall and sanding occurrences within the previous four days should be tabulated. The first should be checked for cluster in a particular month, the second for bias toward weekend. The third should be compared to the monthly average for bias toward weather patterns, and the fourth and fifth for bias toward the most likely time for road sanding. These data should provide further insight into the combination of conditions causing the high concentrations and will likely suggest other enlightening correlations. 17 REFERENCES Air Sciences Inc., October 1985, Air Quality Analysis, Expansion of Vail Mountain and Development of the Valley, unpublished report to Vail Associates, Inc., Lakewood, CO r Colorado Department of Highways, 1988, personal communication between Air Sciences and Priscilla Andrews Colorado Air Pollution Control Division, 1985, personal communication between Air Sciences and Steve Arnold, Data Programs Section . Cogan, Ruth L., 1984, Town of Vail Residential Wood Burning Practices, unpublished report by Town of Vail, Environmental Health Department Francis, G. Z. and R. E. Lipinski, 1977, Control of Air Pollution from Restaurant Charbroilers, Journal of Air Pollution Control Association 27:643-647 King, James, 1985, Wood Stove Emissions Weighting, Technical paper from Stationary Sources Section, Colorado Air Quality Control Division PEDCo-Environmental, Inc., 1977, Source Testing for Fireplaces, Stoves, and Restaurant Grills in Vail, Colorado, U.S. EPA Contract No. 68-01-1999, Mod No. 1, Kansas City, MO Shelton Research, Inc., 1985, Wood Stove Particulate Matter Test Methods and Emission Factors, Shelton Energy Research Report No. 1185, Santa Fe, NM _ Shelton Research, Inc., 1987, Colorado Fireplace Report U.S. EPA Contract No. C375322, Santa Fe, NM U.S.EPA, 1985, Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission Factors, Report Number AP-42, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Research Triangle Park, NC AGENDA WORK SESSION VAIL METROPOLITAN RECREATION DISTRICT BOARD OF DIRECTORS WEDNESDAY, February 27, 1991 VAIL RECREATION DEPARTMENT 2:00 PM CALL TO ORDER - 2:00 PM 1. Public Input . 2. Three Year Plan (see attached Branch Summarys) a) Golf Maintenance b) Administration 3. Donations - Jimmie Heuga (see attached) 4. Selection of Logo - Asmussen 5. Golf Course Operations Review - Vicky Garnsey ATTACHMENTS: 3 Year Plan - Branch Summarys - Golf & Admin. Robinson Memo on Heuga Jimmie Heuga letter . Holly Turner letter on SOS negotiations - FYI /J~ ~ • ud.~c ~ ~ ~ F~ruary 21, 1991 ~ ~ ~ J M:~ Laurie Assmusen ~ t~~ Mr. Rob Robinson A"~°~~~~°"dctim"`~~ VG1RD 2~2 West Meadow Drive Vail, CO $1657 Dear Laurie 8~ Rab, Vile are in receipt of your recent offer to Symphony of Sports, lnc.. which i~ identical to your previous proposal save the change from 120 seconds of television exposure to 100 seconds. Your offer lacks an appreciation of the rr:ulti;ple benefits that will accrue to Vaii and VMRD. The following is a lift of some of these benefits based on their real costs. It does not cover trhe goodwill, money spent by our guests in Vail or other intangible items tv which it is difficult to assign an actual value. This represents over $200,000 of value that seems to have been overlooked by VMRD. fn K1nd and other VMRD ~ Vail benefits; Bart & Nadia clinic $ 15,000 Television exposure (i 80 sec.) $120,000 ($20,000 per 30 sec, x 6) TV Production Cost (1 day ENG) $ 3,500 - ~ Profit on arena (509 of $2,000 per day) $ 8,000 - 1 SO guests of Sudafed in Vail $ 60,000 - ~ T4TAL $20b,500 it , i ~!e realize that your mandate may be different than ours, but it would seem that there should be room for negotiation based on these figures. _ After two successful years in Vail you are asking Symphony of Sports, ~Int, to give up a considerable number of benefits previously provided by VMRD, The value of which (according to numbers provided by Laurie) is $29,000 . ~~vhich Symphony of Sports, Inc. will now assume. At the same time you' are requesting that Symphony of Sports give up its access to the ticket 195 Moulton Street, San Francixo, CA 94123 (4~5} 563-75;9 FAX: (415) s63-3897 1203t Ventura Blvd., Suits t, Studio City, CA 91604 (818 98~-OSb7 FAX: (818) 985.3244 (A Production of Symphony cf Sports. Inc. for NBC Sports • ~.s-.389. AUCH I NCi_OSS TURNER 428 P02 FEB 21 ' 91 16 : 52 . v' R(1C K`' r~venue. Additionally, you expect Symphony of Sports to compensate the Hockey Club for giving up their access to the arena, V~e understand your need to run a profitable program and have, therefore, offered numerous compromises. Symphony of Sports, Inc. brings considerable benefits to Vail and VMRD and this should be taken into account. iNe too have to make budget! j ~r~e are offering VMRD 75~ of the ticket revenue which is a 25~ increase from previous years, In addition, we hope that upon reflection you will . agree that a clinic as offered by Paul Ziert on behalf of Bart & Nadia plus t'e additional television exposure from 100 seconds to 180 seconds is . rr~ore than enough compensation. (t is time for us to begin working t~gether to assure a successful and satisfying event for all parties. e look forward to hearing from you, Sg~MPHONY OF S ~ I ,INC. Hr~lly Turner Era Auchinclo 5 1_te Mimms 1- ~ _ Greg Jen ns P ul Zi t j _ t j - - _ . - ~ _ . ~ ti , e i S 7 ' l ' 1991 SYMPHONY OF SPORTS PRELII~~IIIVARY BUDGET 19 91 BUDGE t r.U ~1COME: PERFORMANCES Thursday Night (500 tickets x $15) $ 7,500 $10,000 Friday Night (500 tickets x $25) 12,500 17,500 Saturday Night (600 tickets x $25) _ 15,000 17,500 _ Town of Vail Contribution + . other sponsorships 7.500 60.000 TOTAL REVENUE $42,500 $105,000 E~~rr.~TSES Contractor's Fees (25% of ticket rev) $ 8,750 $22,500 Printing (Sweatshirts, tickets) 2,000 3,00 Advertising/Promotion 7,000 7,000 Athlete Lunches (40 x $6 x 7 days + snacks) 2,000 10,000 Arena costs ($2,000 x 10 days) 20,000 20,625 Mileage _ -0- 5,500 Misc. Operating Supplies 1.300, 2,,000 TOTAL EXPENSES $43,050 ~ - $71,125 _ INCOME 42.500 105.000 550) $ 33,875 NOTE: Ticket prices do not reflect an increase over last year due to the time of year of the performances. Consequently, ticket sales projections are optimistic. VMRD Donation Request 15 February 1991 Page 2 Exposure (Cont'd) Display during the Silent Auction before 500 people - approximately half of whom are Vail Valley residents. 7. Financial Statement: Please refer to 1989 Annual Report,~enclosed. In short, I hope that the above information will assist you in making a decision. If you have any further questions, however, please do not hesitate to contact either myself, or Dr. Hicks at the Jimmie Heuga Center. I will be in touch with you in the near future. S'nce el Ms. esley Davies 1991 JHC Auction Chairperson r ~;rs_ r+linuial surrMnl:Y BRANCH: GOLF MAINTENANCE BRAIJCII SUPERVISOR: BEN KRUEGER liu<Sgeted Amounts - - - Projected Amounts - - - y~ oaram Revenue,/Expense 1991 1992 1993 1944__ personnel Costs 241,889 255,193 269,229 284,037 Operating Expenditures 64,894 89,563 94,489 99,686 CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS: New Irrigation System 180,000 75,000 Par 3 golf course 10,000 750,000 50,000 New Equipment-par 7 golf course-mowers, etc 70,000 Cart Path Improvements/Additions 7,500 17,000 12,000 , Tee additions/improvements 4,450 0 20,000 2,000 1 000 ~ Rough Reshape and Seed ~ , Fairways - aerate, seed and top-dt'ess S,OOU 5,000 5,000 5,000 , Tree/flower planting 500 2,000 5,000 500 Mtc Bldq expansion 15,000 50,000 ' Driving range, re-desiyn and build target areas 4,000 Add sand bunkers on holes 8, to & 11 or where neces::ary ~ ],000 Black top clubhouse parking lot' 25,000 i'~ Add drainage systems to problem areas from new system 5,000 Rebuild bridges rear 1 green, 2 tee, etc 1,000 ; Dredge ponds 1 green, 2 tee, 17 green, 18 tee area 5,000 rl ' 'TO'T'AL 550,271 1,713,75G .462,718 427,226 , (work\branchl) . f I II ~r ' r.' I':. I :~I". } . 1 • • i . ' '~i~i{• Ii Lr~l i~l3 r~yR. i. c ri' r • ~ BRANCH SUMMARY ' BRANCH: ADMINIuTRA'PION hRANC11JUPERVI:iUR: RUCf ROI1CN:iON i 1 budgeted , Amounts - - - Projected Amounts - - - ~raaram Revenue~Exoense 1991 1992 1999 1994_ Personnel Costs 221,296 2]4,574 248,648 263, 5G? Recreation Studies/Development 15,000 25,000 15,000. 9,000 I Operating Expenditures 245,460 260,188 275,798 292,347 • Election Costs ..i;,. - 2,500 2,850 ` , CAPITAL IMPROVEMENTS:' Receptionist~PC Replacement 2,500 Business'Mg~r PC Replacement 2,500 Executive Secretary' PC Replacement) ],000 Graphic Automati'on' PCB 6`~Pri'nter ~ ~ 4, 000 Automation'Software=Regi~§'tration)Packet"``" 3,000 , Main Frame.Printer/Hlide Carriage 4,500 Administration Phono'~5ystem upgrade 4,000 i ~ tTOTAL ~ ' ~ 1' 481,75b 578, 262 5]9,446 ~i75, 264 a WORK\BRANCH2) ~ ' i:1",. . • I ' 1 • ~j ~Vailo Vail Associates, Inc. Creators and Operators of Vail and Beaver Creep Resorts February 26, 1991 Mr. Ron Philips Town of Vail 75 South Frontage Road Vail, CO 81657 Dear Mr. Philips, POW WOW, the largest international trade show in the United States is coming to Denver May 11-15. POW WOW is an opportunity to showcase Vail to tour operators and wholesalers from around the world. Both Vail Associates, Inc. and the Vail Resort Association, through the Vail Valley Marketing Board have purchased booth space for the trade show and are working together to promote the Vail Valley. Vail Associates has also donated $15,000 to sponsor a summer and a winter social evening function at POW WOW. Included in this sponsorship is individual representation in a restaurant at Larimer Square, the site of the winter evening function. While the $15,000 includes food and the representation, it does not cover the costs of entertainment or decorations. We would like to showcase Vail and Beaver Creek Resort in the best possible light and would like to include the Town of Vail. With an additional $10,000, we could create the atmosphere of the Vail Valley for the POW WOW participants to experience. In addition to live entertainment and decorations, we would like to give the participants a pin or hat as Vail Valley memorabilia. I have enclosed a POW WOW social function fact sheet for your information. Please contact me with any further questions. Sincerely, VAII, ASSOCIATES, INC. ` Brad Quayle Vice President of Resort Development Post Office Box 7 • Vail, Colorado 81658 • USA - (303) 476-5601 5 POW WOW Social Function Use of Funds The following is a projected use of funds for the POW WOW social function to be held at Larimer Square in Denver. Staging costs -set-up, labor $ 2,000 Entertainment -live music $ 3,000 (includes AV needs, transportation and per diem) Appearances by Vail's western characters $ 1,500 (includes transportation and per diem) Appearance by Disney's Sport Goofy $ 2,500 (includes Disney fee, transportation and per diem) Vail Valley pins or gift item $ 1 _,000 Total $10,000 POW WOW SOCIAL FUNCTIONS I. What is Pow Wow? - It is the largest international travel trade show in the United States. Denver won the bid to host the 1991 Pow Wow May 11-15. II. Why is Pow Wow important to Vail and Beaver Creek Resort? - It is an opportunity to showcase resorts. CSCUSA is sponsoring the two social functions. Seven ski areas, including Vail and Beaver Creek Resort (1) have each donated $15,000 to be ~~,y~.,sented at the winter Colorado event. The event highlighting summer in Colorado will not have individual resort ~~,r.:,sentation, but all activities will be represented.. See attached event description. III. Winter Colorado Event format -see attached event description. Each of the seven ski areas will choose a restaurant on Larimer Square which may be decorated to represent the individual resort. Food may also be served to help create the resort atmosphere. Any "resort-type" entertainment and special services and expenses will be incurred by the resort. IV. Who are the guests? It is important to realize that both buyers and sellers will be attending the social functions. U.S. destinations represented at Pow Wow will be at this event and will be at least equal if not more to the number of international buyers (tour operators and travel trade press.) V. Also, it is important to realize where Pow Wow has been. Last year, Orlando spent $8.5 million on social functions (3). The entire budget for the three Denver Pow Wow social functions is $1.5 million. .i POW WOW SOCIAL FUNCTIONS FACT SHEET I. Discover the Incredible Range of Colorado! McNichols Sports Complex Saturday, May 11, 1991 This evening will showcase the myriad of activities and influences that have made Colorado one of the nation's favorite outdoor destinations - with an emphasis on summer activities. The concourse of McNichols will feature Mesa Verde, Anastasi Indian ruins, National Western Stockshow, and railroad facades. Guests will be invited to visit "picnic buffets" amidst these charming surroundings. The azena floor of McNichols will feature themed areas to include: participatory and spectator "leisure time" activities in a Rocky Mountain Park setting - a trout stream, climbing wall, mountain biking, etc.; "upscale" activities such as golf and tennis; and an Old West Gold Mining Town with gold panning, country western entertainment etc. In addition, there will be a "Center Ring" with entertainment featuring name entertainers. Decor will feature pictorial displays, ~,~.,ys and dioramas to enhance the existing facilities and provide the backdrop for this exciting evening. Guests will be delighted with an opportunity to pose for a souvenir polaroid photos as they visit such renown areas as Mazoon Bells, Mesa Verde and more! II. Denver "Gateway to the Rockies" Denver Zoo, Museum of Natural History Sunday, May 12, 1991 The Denver Metro Convention and Visitors Bureau invites you to discover the majesty of the Rocky Mountain region. The gateway to the Rockies begins with the magic of the Denver Zoo -one of the lazgest homes for exotic animals in the Western United States. The evening continues at only a lazge collection of prehistoric creatures, but also a unique collection of Indian artifacts. Entertainment will include a variety of local artisans and entertainers as well as John Denver! III. Winter Colorado Larimer Square, Writer Square Monday, May 13, 1991 The historic heart of downtown Denver is the site for this evening's tribute to the mountains and the magical season of winter! Larimer Square was proclaimed Denver's first Landmark Preservation District in 1973. Larimer Squaze will be transformed to a Winter Alpine Village. Restaurants will be adopted by resort areas and will feature foods, restaurants will be adopted by resort areas and will feature foods, drink, decor and ' costuming specific to those areas. The focus of the evening will be downhill skiing demonstrations on the "mountain" in the middle of Larimer Squaze. A special highlight to this perfect evening will be an urban laser show. A perfect taste of Colorado Winter!