Loading...
HomeMy WebLinkAbout1994-23 Adopting the Environmental Strategic PlanRESOLUTION NO. 23 SERIES OF 1994 A RESOLUTION ADOPTING THE ENVIRONMENTAL STRATEGIC PLAN. WHEREAS, the Town of Vail wishes to ensure it's regulations and policies relating to development our congruents with the carrying capacity of the area's natural environment and manmade resources; and WHEREAS, the Town of Vail wishes to protect the area's natural resources and recognize that they are interconnected and interdependent; and WHEREAS, the Town wishes to improve efficiency in water, energy, and waste management in businesses, residences and in government; and WHEREAS, to ensure environmental compliance through proactive environmental management that will Identify Vail as an environmental leader. NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED by the Town Council of the Town of Vail, Colorado: 1. The Environmental Strategic Plan attached to this Resolution as Exhibit A is hereby approved and adopted. 2. The Town Manager and the Town staff are hereby authorized to take all approved actions necessary to implement the Environmental Strategic Plan. This resolution shall take effect immediately upon Its passage. INTRODUCED, READ, APPROVED AND ADOPTED this ~5>`hrday of November, 1994. L MargaYet A. Osterfoss, Mayor A ST: Holly . McCutcheon, Town Clerk C:~lESOLiJ94.23 Resolutions No. 23, Series of 1994 m ~ ~ ~ ^- J Q ^ "' C ~ -r m ~ 'Qm ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ a ~ QcD cn c ~o -„ ^- 3 .~ m~ m ~ o ro o~~ D Q Q ="m y ~ aro ~ m'o y ~ ~arD m~ o~ o° 3 m c3a o o ?-~ ~° 5 D m c~ a ° y m z o_o m ° ~o ~ o ~ ~ o Q~o ^-~~z a~ m Q ~ O n~^~ N^ (^ ~^ ~H m Q a ~ a ~ c] m~ f o~ O~ f~ a m~ _~~ ^ ~~ m ao ^~ a o a a m a y~ y a 40 ~a.~~~3m~^°~°mcn~~om ~®I-o~~~am~~X3~o~~3 ~ a o ^ aw am•° ~ Q m.~ o, { m ~ ~ nm m aay-o -^ om`n Q ~_~ ^Z ~ -~ ~~ c a o a Q a C~ Q O W N p p~ -"' fl. Q 'Q j m m~~ m Q Q ~, ~ ~ Q~ Q O m -Q a ~ a Q ~ cnD ~ { ~ •~ ^ n -0 7 Q 3 ~ C j~~~ C (D m Z~ c o ro ro~ ^. ^ a n~ Q ^.D Q ~ o. tom ~{)m~~~~~^~ Q a - ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ I~~ Q ~ O ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ Q t ro t a r m -P~~~^-a~ma~mwg.~cnomooflQ ~-•~5~o a a~ m ~ ~n ^ ~ ~m o ~~ 3~o{roQ~a~Q{aQa. y m m m m ro a° ~ Q.fl ~~ a~ n Z R' O O r m ~ CI PP ~~ e~ n S~ ~~, ~ Lc~~. 6 ~ ~ _ g 7~0 0 0 C Z r;N VIRONM~N'lAL S'1'RA'1'r;GIC PLAN Table of Contents Acknowledgement .........................................................2 Executive Summary ......................................................3 1. Introduction ..........................................................4 2. State of the Environment ................................................6 3. Trends That May Affect Vail .............................................10 4. Framework for Environmental Protection ..................................12 5. Sustainable Land Use Regulation and Devel.,r...ent ..........................13 6. Ecosystem Protection ...................................................16 7. Environmental Efficiency ................................................18 8. Environmental Management and Compliance ...............................20 9. Implementation ........................................................21 10. Conclusion ...........................................................25 Appendix 1 -Environmental Success Stories Other Environmental Plans and Studies ..........................26 Appendix 2 -Common Wildlife Species in Vail ................................30 References ..............................................................31 OF`r~ e • ce' Rsusel•4 Printed on Recycled Paper 1 Acl~owledgement The Town of Vail would like to thank the 55 participants of the Vail Environmental Odyssey: The Next Generation search conference who provided the foundation for the development of this plan and the many other residents that provided input throughout the planning process. This conference would not have been possible without the support of the Strategic Planning Committee which included: Bill Anderson, Vail Planning and Environmental Commission Alan Best, Eagle Valley Environmental Coalition Dave Cole, Realtor Kathy Heicher, Eagle County Planning Commission Joe Macy, Vail Associates Evie Nott, Vail Valley Medical Center & Resident Kristan Pritz, Director of Community Development Rich Phelps, USFS Tom Steinberg, Vail Town Council The project manager and for this plan was Russell Forrest and the facilitator for the search conference was Rita Schweitz of ChangeWork for the Rockies. This plan would not have been possible without the support of the Vail Town Council and the Vail Planning and Environmental Commission. 2 Executive Summary The Vail Environmental Strategic Plan provides along-term vision to protect Vail's environmental quality and defines a sustainable development strategy. The Vision Statement is the cornerstone for the goals, and action plans that are identified in this plan. The Vision describes the desired future environment for Vail that was developed from input at the Vail Environmental Odyssey Search Conference. This vision statement is: The Town of Vail will be a leader in natural resource stewardship and wilt strive as a community to attain environmental and economic sustainability." This Vision Statement recognizes the link between environmental quality and economic development and that a balance is needed between these two elements. It also recognizes the need to ensure a healthy environment and economy for future generations while protect- ing historical and cultural values in the com- munity. This Vision is supported by four goal areas: 1. Sustainable Land Use Regulation and Development Ensure Town of Vail regulations and policies relating to development aze•congruent with the carrying capacity of the area's natur- al environment and man-made resources. 2. Ecosystem Protection Protect the areas natural resources (air, water, soils, natural habitat) and recognize that they are interconnected and interdepen- dent. 3. Environmental Efficiency Improve efficiency in water, energy, and waste management in businesses, residences, and in government. Environmental Management and Compliance Ensure environmental compliance through proactive environmental management that will identify Vail as an environmental leader. This plan identifies specific actions and a time frame for those actions that will move Vail towards its environmental vision. Together these actions define Vail's sustainable development strategy. This plan is also intended to be a dynamic plan that should be reviewed periodically to determine its effec- tiveness in dealing with environmental issues. This will require establishing a baseline for key environmental indicators to determine improvements, or lack thereof in environmen- tal quality. Therefore changes in proposed actions may be required as the need arises. This plan will help protect Vail's valuable natural resources, provide a proactive man- agement approach to environmental regula- tions, improve environmental education, encourage collaboration to solve common environmental problems, and help distinguish Vail as an environmental leader. 3 1 Introduction PURPOSE The purpose of this planning process is to develop along-term environmental work plan that will address the needs of the community as well as legislative, regulatory, and technologi- cal trends. A proactive environmental program will enable the Town of Vail to maintain and improve environmental quality in the Vail Valley. Protecting our areas natural resources is also critical in protecting our tourist based economy. A major reason why Vail has become an internationally renowned resort is because of the area's pristine natural resources. In fact, proactive environmental management and education can be incorporated into Vail's mar- keting programs. In addition, the U.S. Govern- ment and State of Colorado are increasingly requiring local communities to implement or regulate environmental programs. Proactive environmental planning reduces regulatory costs of compliance and can increase net com- munity income by reducing waste. This helps make Vail more economically competitive through cost savings and by marketing Vail as an environmentally desirable place to visit and live. Most importantly, a proactive environmen- tal program will enable the Town to be a responsible steward of the Valley's natural resources. By acting locally, the Vail communi- ty will help address, in its own way, many global environmental issues e.g. global warm- ing, acid rain, water quality degradation, loss of sensitive habitat. Many of the world's global environmental problems can only be adequate- ly addressed through the collective efforts of local communities. OBJECTIVES OF THE PLAN 1. Develop along-range environmental work-plan to protect and improve Vail's environmental quality. 2. Improve cooperation and collaboration to better address environmental challenges. 3. Help identify Vail as a leader in environmental stewardship/sustainable development. 4. Keep Vail environmentally proactive. BACKGROUND Environment refers to the physical, chemi- cal, and biotic conditions surrounding an organism. In the context of this plan, environ- ment refers primarily to the natural resources required by Vail's residents, guests, and area wildlife. This plan also recognizes that the ' management of the local environment is inter- relatedwith our global environment and that thinking globally and acting locally is essential. Vail's environment has gone through a dramatic transition from sheep farming in the 1930's and 1940's to an internationally renowned ski resort. The two ~VVVII veterans, Pete Seibert and Bob Packer, who established the Vail ski resort in 1959 probably could not then imagine the growth that has taken place in the Vail Valley. A first rate ski resort and the Valley's natural resources have been key ingre- dients in the success of Vail. Growth in the valley has been dramatic in the last 20 years and has raised the concern that the Town needs to take proactive steps to protect the area's natural environment so that the success of Vail would not endanger the Golden Goose" i.e. the Valley's environment. This plan is intended to provide a framework to protect and enhance the Vail Valley a natural resources and to maintain the high degree of environmental quality that our residents and guests expect. A major step in the development of this document was "Uail's Environmental Odyssey: The Next Generation" Search Conference. On October 8th and 9th, 1993, approximately 50 different stakeholders representing various businesses, interest groups, neighborhoods and area governments met in Vail to discuss envi- ronmental issues the Town needs to address. The input from this conference, along with other public meetings, provided the foundation for this plan. This is a long-range strategic plan and it is intended to be a dynamic process where action plans are monitored and reviewed. Also changes in environmental trends should be monitored annually. So it is anticipated that this plan be revisited and adjusted as necessary to reflect changes in community needs and external trends that may affect Vail. STRUCTURE OF THE PLAN This plan is centered around a vision statement that is supported by goal areas. This plan is the culmination of a two day confer- ence, significant public input, and an analysis of environmental trends that may affect Vail in the future. This plan begins by discussing the state of environmental quality in Vail and then analyzes trends that the community needs to be aware of in developing an environmental work plan. Then four goal areas for environmental protection are identified which support the vision statement. Finally specific actions are identified to implement the goals of the plan. FIGURE 1 Strategic Planning Process Establish performance standards and monitor implementation Stakeholders identify environmental issues Scan of environmental issues - local, regional, global Implement through incentives, education, regulation, taxes, and cooperation i I~ The strategic planning process illustrated in Figure 1 is a dynamic process that begins with public input and analyzing environmen- tally related trends in legislation, technology, and public opinion. Then a vision, goals, and actions can be formulated and reviewed by decision makers and stakeholders. Resources for completing actions must be identified to develop an achievable action. Finally, the Town must commit to the implementation of the approved plan and monitor implementa- tion progress and effectiveness. As mentioned, trends and public opinion change over time and the plan should be modified as appropri- ate. Vail Town Council review and identify priorities Develop vision, goals and actions Town Council & PEC review and approve Complete final plan 11 Stakeholders review and identify priorities Related government units review and identify priorities Determine costs and resources to complete actions 5 State of the Environment Before a long range environmental work plan is defined, the current state of environ- mental quality in the Vail Valley should be discussed. Vail's natural resources and environ- mental quality have changed over time as the Valley has been developed. However, environ- mental quality in Vail is still high. The Vail Valley has a gold medal fishing stream, pristine mountain views, and provides habitat to many species of plants and animals. A variety of environmental programs have been developed to address specific environ- mental issues. A summary of environmental programs that the Town and other organiza- tions have implemented is discussed in Appen- dix 1. The following is a description of known environmental baseline conditions in the Vail Valley. Historical Background Prior to the 1900's, the Vail Valley consist- ed of wetlands and meadows. The primary inhabitants were the Ute Indians who periodi- cally camped in the area. In the early 1900's miners and families began settling along the Gore Creek to mine silver, lead, and zinc around Battle Mountain. After the Great Depression, sheep farming became the major activity in the valley. In the late 1930's, a state highway extended into the Gore Creek Valley under the direction of Highway Engineer Charlie Vail. During WWII, the 10th Moun- tain Division trained at Camp Hale 20 miles south of the Gore Valley. After the war two soldiers, Pete Seibert and Bob Parker ~vho had trained at Camp Hale, came back to establish a ski resort in Vail. In 1959, a Forest Service land use permit was issued to an investment group that had been formed for the Vail ski resort. The Vail resort opened on December 15, 1962 with 876 acres of skiable terrain making it the third largest ski resort in the United States. In 1966, the Town of Vail was incorporated and in 1969 Lionshead was annexed into the Town. In the 1970's, I-70 was built through the Vail Valley. Geography/ Land Cover The elevation of Vail is 8,150 feet and the summit of Vail Mountain is 11,450 Feet. The Town is approximately 10 miles long and .5 to 1 mile wide and is surrounded by the White River National Forest. The heaviest snowfall months are March and April, with the valley experiencing an average of 335 inches of snow per year. There is a total of 3,360 acres in the Town of Vail, of which 29% of the land area or 977 acres are zoned open space. There are three commercial areas (Vail Village, Lions- head, and West Vail) that consist of 155 acres or 4.6% of the land and single family residen- tial accounts for 12 % of the land (Town of Vail Land Use Plan, 1989). Interstate 70 runs through the length of the Town and covers 505 acres (15%) of land. The remaining 40% of the land area consists of multifamily, public use, and unplatted parcels. Gore Creek is the other major linear feature that runs through town and the only major water body within the town boundary. Its confluence with the Eagle River is just west of Town at Dowd Junction. Demographics The Town has grown from 400 people in the early 1970's to approximately 4,000 living in the Town of Vail in 1990 with over 2,709 people commuting into Vail daily (U.S. Census, 1990). Approximately 30,000 guests may be in Town during the peak of ski season. Vail currently has approximately 6,100 housing units (i.e.units with a kitchen). The Town of Vail estimates that it is 86% built out based on current zoning and the Vail Valley Consoli- dated Water District has estimated that Vail can expect 5 to 10 percent growth each year. Based on the 1994 Town of Vail Development Statistics Report there is the potential for 1,345 additional dwelling units in the Town of Vail. Current zoning would allow for an additional 853 single family or duplex units, 237 multi family units, and 255 accommodation units. Vegetation Several vegetation studies have been completed in the White River National Forest area. Hess and Wasser inventoried the White River National Forest in the 1980's and com- piled areport on the forest habitat types. These habitat types can be delineated by altitude and include Alpine Tundra (14,000 - 11,200 ft), Subalpine (11,200 - 10,000 ft), Montane 10,000 - 7,500 ft), and Semi-Arid (7,500 - 5,200 ft). Within the Vail Valley the primary vegetative types are Subalpine and Montane which are described below: Subalpine: Engelman spruce and Subalpine fir are characteristic of the Subalpine zone. The Town of Vail is not within the sub- alpine zone but the valley walls above Vail extend into this vegetative zone. The following species are found in this zone: Trees: Engelman spruce, Subalpine fir, I.odgepole pine, Blue spruce, Aspen Shrubs: Sagebrush, Booth's willow, Wolf s willow, Russet buffalowberry, Grouse whortleberry Grasses: Thurber fescue, Bluejoint reed- grass, Kobresia, Elksedge Montane: The Town of Vail is situated in the montane zone. The montane zone is chaz- acterized by Douglas firs and Aspen and less common Ponderosa pine. Alpine wetlands are also common in the montane in the Valley b..::.,...s. The following species are found in the montane: Trees: Douglas fir, Lodgepole pine, Blue spruce, Aspen, Cottonwood, Birch, and Alder Shrubs: Juniper, Pinyon pine, Sagebrush, Serviceberry, Rose, Mountain Mahogany, Snowberry, Booth's willow, Sandbar willow, Drumond's willow, Alder, Dogwood, Grouse Whortleberry Grasses: Idaho fescue, Thurber fescue, Tufted hairgrass, Bluejoint reedgrass, Elk sedge, Bluebunch wheatgrass Habitat The Vail Valley is home to many species of plants and animals. White River National Forest as a whole provides suitable habitat for 307 vertebrate species (Table 1). Common wildlife species often seen in Vail are listed in Appendix 2. The distribution of the wildlife in and around the Town is primarily influenced by vegetation distribution which is discussed above. Wildlife species common to the Vail area are typical of Montane areas in the Rockies. Areas within the Vail Valley have also been designated as critical habitat for mule deer and elk. Both deer and elk move into the Valley from the west in the spring and then move back west in the fall as snow pushes them to lower elevations. Raptors (birds of prey) also find habitat in the Vail Valley. Gore Creek provides productive aquatic habitat for fish, macroinvertebrates, micro-organisms, plants, and terrestrial wildlife. An estimate was made in 1980 that Gore Creek has 1000 trout per mile in the 4 mile Gold Medal sec- tion. The Gold Medal section extends from Red Sandstone Creek to Intermountain. A Gold Medal fishery is a designation given by the Colorado Department of Natural Resources for excellent cold water fisheries. TABLE 1 Number of Vertebrate Species Total Game Species Species Mammals 72 13 Birds 202 27 Reptiles 11 - Amphibians 5 - Fish 17 - Source: White River National Forest Management Pla n, 1986 Water Quality/Quantity Gore Creek is a major tributary of the Eagle River and is a significant visual and natural resource for the Vail Valley. Water quality and quantity are inextricably linked. Both water quality and quantity have been effected as Vail has grown over the last 30 years. Water quality and quantity directly affect aquatic habitat. The Town of Vail has analyzed historical water quality data and has found that some water quality parameters have improved over time and others have gotten worse. Statistical analysis shows that concentrations of the following parameters: Are greater below Vail than above (that is, water quality gets worse) Suspended solids Dissolved solids Salts (conductivity) Phosphorus Ammonia Nitrate and nitrite Have become worse over time: Dissolved solids Phosphorus Nitrate and nitrite Salts Have decreased in concentration improved) over time: Zinc Manganese Capper Cadmium Fecal coliform Based on available information, it appears that the primary reason for the degradation in the above mentioned water quality parameters is due to increased development and runoff. The parameters that have improved over time are most likely due to improvements made to the Upper Eagle Valley Consolidated Water and Sanitation District treatment plant on Forest Road. Additional biological monitoring is required to determine the significance of the water quality parameters that have gotten worse over time. The Vail Valley Consolidated Water District recently completed its Master Plan. At build out, the maximum daily demand is approximately 1,119 million gallons (mg) per year which can be compared to the 1,335 mg 4,091 acre feet) that the District has in water rights. Therefore, projected demand at build- out will be approximately 84% of the maxi- mum amount allowable under the existing water rights owned by the district. However, it should be acknowledged that the City of Denver owns approximately 45,000 acre feet of water rights in the Vail Valley that are senior to the District's. Denver has not taken action to utilize these water rights which could signifi- cantly impact Vail. The Town along with other Western Slope water users are actively partici- pating in discussions with the Front Range that are intended to identify alternatives to the use of these water rights. There is significant concern that there is not adequate water throughout the year on the Eagle River to protect aquatic habitat. The Colorado Water Conservation Board sets minimum instream flow standards to protect trout habitat. These are bare minimum stan- dards and fish kills have occurred in the Eagle River at flows above minimum instream Flow Bureau of Reclamation, 1993). As the valley west of Vail becomes increasingly developed the pressure on the Eagle River will increase. Water quantity will become a major controlling factor in the future development of the Eagle Valley west of Dowd Junction. Groundwater The Town of Vail is dependent on ground- water wells for drinking water. There are seven drinking water wells in the Town that the Vail Valley Consolidated Water District operates located near Gore Creek in the vicinity of the Golf Course and in West Vail on Matterhorn Road. These wells are directly linked to water quality and quantity in Gore Creek since they are alluvial. This basically means that water availability and quality from these wells is directly related to quality and quantity in Gore Creek. Also the Town of Vail's use of ground- water for domestic drinking water results in a depletion of surface water in the Gore Creek between the Vail golf course wells and the Forest Road treatment plant where there is considerable return flow back to Gore Creek. Air Quality Air quality in the Vail Valley is generally very good. However, during the winter, air quality is negatively impacted by particulates emitted from fireplaces and resuspension from road sanding. The primary air quality parame- ter that has been a problem is particulate matter measured as PM10, particulate matter under 10 micrograms/cubic meter. PM10 is used as a particulate standard because particles at and smaller than this standard can be drawn into the lungs and create serious health prob- lems. Two actions have been taken to mitigate this problem. The first action was implement- ing avoluntary conversion program to encour- age residents to convert older open hearth fireplaces to clean burning technologies. This program has been successful in converting over 400 dirty fireplaces and has resulted in a noticeable decline in brown haze days. The second action that has been taken is using volcanic cinders for winter road applications instead of sand. Sand blown up into the air from trail is resulted in 39% of the contribution to PM 10. Volcanic cinders are heavier and less likely to become airborne. Solid Waste Solid waste is a major issue in the Town of Vail and in Eagle County. In a recent report prepared by the Northwest Colorado Council of Governments, Vail was identified as one of the largest generators of solid waste on the Western Slope. A major source of solid waste is reconstruction where an old home or build- ing is demolished and a new structure is put in its place. The existing Eagle County Landfill opened in 1990 with an expected capacity of 25 years. However in 1993, the County estimated that the landfill had only 10 to 15 years of capacity remaining. A successful grass roots recycling program has been created in the county called We Recycle. We Recycle diverts approximately 5% of the waste stream. Hazardous Waste and Materials The Town of Vail does not have any large quantity generators of hazardous waste although there are a number of small quantity generators. The Town also has numerous underground and above ground storage tanks. The Fire Department currently keeps a list of hazardous materials. There are a total of approximately 109 commercial sites with some form of hazardous material located in Vail. The Town also responds to an average of 15 hazardous or special waste spills or leaks a year. The Town, under the leadership of the Fire Department, has adopted a unified inci- dent command system so that Town, State, and other local authorities can most effective- ly respond to hazardous material releases and other emergency situations. The Town also actively monitors progress on the clean-up of the Eagle Mine Superfund site located south of Minturn. The Eagle Mine is on the National Priority List (NPL) and is a source of heavy metal contamination in the Eagle River. Recent studies on fish habitat and water quality data indicate that improvements have been made to reduce heavy metal contamination. However, ongo- ing vigilance is necessary to ensure adequate progress in the Mine's clean-up. Open Space Protection The Town of Vail adopted a Comprehen- sive Open Lands Plan in 1994 that will pro- tect sensitive natural areas in Vail. Over 51 parcels are recommended for acquisition, conservation easements, or trail easements. Many of these parcels include riparian areas, wetlands, and sensitive wildlife habitat. The Gore Creek is an important wildlife corridor for small mammals and birds. A major objec- tive of this plan was to acquire or protect as many stream corridor parcels as possible. Development Controls The Town of Vail has a number of plans, regulations and policies that control develop- ment. The Zoning Code and Design Review Board regulations control how and where de- velopment may occur. The Land Use Plan, Vail Village Master Plan, Streetscape Plan, Trans- portation Master Plan, and Town of Vail Land- scape Plan also directly affect the character of development and visual appearance of Vail. 9 3 Trends That 1Viay Affect Vail Identifying key trends that may affect Vail in the future provides an opportunity to proac- tively address environmental issues. Trends analysis involves looking at historical and current information and identifying trends that will continue into the future. Key trends that were analyzed included legislative trends, public opinion polls, technology, and environ- mental quality indicators. Northwest Colorado Council of Governments (NWCCOG) pre- pared areport for the Town that discusses specific trends that is a supplement to the Vail Environmental Strategic Plan. Broad trends that may directly affect environmental quality in the Vail Valley are summarized below: 1. Public opinion remains strongly in support of environmental protection. 80 percent of all Americans consider themselves environmentalists. Approximately 10 percent of all Americans belong to an environmental group. In the 1994 Town of Vail Community Survey, residents identified environmental issues as being some of the most important issues to be addressed. Residents were concerned about air quality, water quantity and quality, waste management, and protec- tion of open space. People feel that environmental protection laws have not gone far enough. In 1990, 64 percent of the American public felt that environmental laws had not gone far enough. This is significantly up from 1975 when only 3l% of the general public felt that environ- mental laws had not gone far enough. more if purchasing an environmentally friendly product. 74 percent of Americans are willing to accept slower economic growth for a cleaner environment. 2. Increased state and local government involvement in environmental programs. Local government has become more in- volved in environmental issues for two reasons; 1) the federal government imposed responsi- bilities on them and (2) town councils have reacted to public opinion to enact their own environmental laws. However, local govern- ments are also increasingly finding difficulties in trying to comply with federal regulatory obligations without supporting funding. 3. The number of environmental laws has increased dramatically since NEPA. There has been a dramatic increase in the number of environmental laws since the pas- sage of the National Environmental Policy Act in 1970. This trend appears to be continuing. Approximately 460 environmental protection bills were introduced in the 102nd Congress. This is almost a 25 percent increase from the 101st Congress when 373 bills where intro- duced. However, there is an increasing call to consolidate environmental laws and eliminate contradictions and overlaps. The EPA is attempting to do this through their regulatory authority but this will be difficult until Congress consolidates environmental commit- tees and laws. 719io of people feel that too little is being spent on protecting the environment. Public opinion surveys consistently show that people are willing to spend more on improv- ing environmental quality. This trend has gained momentum since 1975 when only 484/0 of the public felt that too little was being spent on environmental protection. Surveys also indicate that consumers would be willing to pay up to 20 percent 4. Environmental law enforcement increased significantly over the last twenty years. The EPA and Department of Justice have significantly increased enforcement action in the last twenty years. Between 1989-1991, EPA assessed criminal and civil penalties of 201 million whereas between the years of 1972 and 1988 (16years) only $166 million in penalties were collected. Locally, the 5th 10 Judicial District has initiated an environmental law enforcement task force to aggressively prosecute environmental violations. 5. There is an increasing emphasis on pollution prevention and efi~iciency. Federal legislative approaches are moving away from the strategy of the "cork" in which they attempted to stop pollution at the end of the pipe. This approach has proven to be extremely expensive. Carol Browner, EPA Administrator, plans to focus greater effort and funding on pollution prevention. This approach is aimed at eliminating the creation of pollution. Since pollution from industry often comes from inefficiencies in the production process, pollution prevention has become attractive to industry. Polluters are finding large long-term cost savings in modifying their production process to eliminate waste and improve efficiency. Compliance, disposal, and raw material costs for production can be signif- icantly reduced through pollution prevention strategies. 6. Increased emphasis on identify- ing environmental indicators. The EPA and environmental scientists are increasingly spending more resources identify- ing key environmental indicators in natural systems that help determine the health of a natural system. This approach considers how different elements of an ecosystem interact and how different types of pollution impact natural systems. 7. Federal government implements systems (Holistic) management approach. The concept of managing systems instead of individual environmental components is becoming increasingly popular in Congress, the EPA, and other land management agencies. The Forest Service, along with other Federal Agencies, has adopted an ecosystem manage- ment approach. It is also anticipated that when the Clean Water Act is reauthorized in the next year, watershed management will be a critical element in the law requiring water quality and quantity planning based on a systems approach. A systems approach will also most likely be adopted in the reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act (ESA). ESA has been criticized for not protecting natural systems, but instead protecting individual species when in fact their existence is at a critical point due to a loss of habitat. 8. Rapid growth in mountain states will strain resources. Significant population growth is expected to continue into the next five years. People are moving from the coasts to mountain states to find a better quality of life and escape urban centers. Improvements in telecommuni- cation will also increasingly allow people to work away from urban centers. Eagle County has grown significantly over the past 20 years and continues to grow rapidly. There has been a 90% increase in the number of school age children since 1980. Total population in Eagle County has grown from 7,498 in 1970 to 27,671 in 1990, an increase of 369%. Colorado as a whole is one of the fastest growing states in the United States. 9. IVlarket approaches to environmental regulation will be increasingly used. The Bush Administration began using market incentives to control pollution with the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment which established a market for major components of acid rain. Companies now pay for tons of sulfur dioxide and nitrous oxide (major pollu- tants that cause acid rain) that they may emit through the Chicago Board of Trade. The Clinton administration has indicated a desire to make greater use of economic incentives and market forces in environmental programs. Use of Feebate systems are discussed fre- quently (charging a surcharge to polluters and using those funds as a financial incentive for non-polluters). 11 Fram~,~ork for Environmental Protection At the October, 1993 Vail Environmental Odyssey's Search Conference participants described the desirable Future they would like to see for Vail's environment and developed action areas that needed to be addressed to attain Vail's desirable future. The participants' description of Vail's desirable future was used to develop a vision statement. The Vail Environmental Vision provides the direction for environmental programs. This statement recognizes the link between environmental quality and economic development and that a balance is needed between these two elements. It also recognizes the need to maintain a healthy environment and economy for future generations. The goals mentioned below pro- vide aframework to attain Vail's environmental vision: The specific actions for each area were reviewed and similarities between areas were identified to consolidate actions to create four major goal areas for the plan. These four goal areas are: Sustainable Land Use Regulation and Development Ensure Town of Vail regulations and policies relating to development are congruent with the carrying capacity of the area's natural environment and man-made resources and encourage sustainable economic development. Ecosystem Protection Protect the areas natural resources (air, water, soils, and natural habitat) and recognize that they are interconnected and interdepen- dent. VAIL'S ENVIRONMENTAL VISION The Town of Vail will be a leader in natural resource stewardship and will strive as a community to attain environmental and economic sustainability." A total of 8 action areas were identified at the Search Conference that included: A. Become an environmental leader. B. Redefine development philosophy. C. Create a stronger sense of community. D. Maintain and improve the ecosystem. E. Maintain a relation of economic and environmental consideration in growth. F. Protect open space. G. Improve environmental efficiency. H. Improve mass transit and non-motorized transportation. Environmental Efficiency Improve efficiency in water, energy, and waste management in businesses, residences, and in government. Environmental Management and Compliance Ensure environmental compliance through proactive environmental management that will identify Vail as an environmental leader. Each of these goal areas supports Vail's environmental vision and is supported by action plans and resources. The next four chapters will discuss each of these goal areas in detail. 12 5 Sustainable Land Use Regulation and Development BACKGROUND Sustainable development encompasses a number of issues including: re-examining the Town's development philosophy, improving residents' and guests' sense of community, and balancing environmental protection and eco- nomic development. Sustainable development is a planning methodology where development or redevelopment is controlled by the long- term availability of resources. Sustainable development can be defined as development that meets the needs and aspirations of the present without compromising the ability of future generations (i.e., humans and other species) to meet their own needs. Sustainable development involves understanding where sensitive natural resources are and how ele- ments (e.g., vegetation, animals, geology, water quality, air quality) of a natural system are interconnected. By understanding the carry- ing capacity of natural and man-made sys- tems, planners can identify opportunities for development or redevelopment that are com- patible with the natural environment. Carrying capacity in a natural system can be compared to carrying capacity on a man- made system such as an elevator. If the carry- ing capacity is 10 people for an elevator and 12 people get in, the elevator may not break but it may not work as efficiently. However, if 20 people squeezed in, there is a chance that the cables might break without warning. Carrying capacity can be defined as that point where the additional use of a resource results in a degraded condition. If people can develop without exceeding carrying capacities for natural and man-made resources then they are living sustainably. It should also be acknowledged that with technology or mitiga- tion the use of a resource and its carrying capacity can be increased. For example, state of the art water treatment technology can increase the number of people that could be supported in an area if water treatment is a limiting factor. However, the costs, benefits, and effectiveness of implementing mitigation or state of the art technology have to be evaluated on a case by case basis. In practical terms, sustainable develop- ment means ensuring that development does not exceed carrying capacity, e.g., a develop- mentdoes not permanently impact wetlands, the vegetative cover around streams and lakes, or displace wildlife. In order to create a sustainable community, the Town will also inevitably need to reduce waste generation, minimize energy and water usage, as well as make sure development does not exceed the ability to provide water, power, sewage treat- ment, and other public services without deteriorating environmental quality. Determining carrying capacity involves determining what the natural and man-made resources can accommodate without being permanently degraded. By staying within the community's carrying capacity, the Town will act as a global partner with other communi- ties to help address the world's environmental concerns. By acting locally, the Town 13 becomes part of the solution in solving global environmental problems. In the context of this plan, the geographic area far determining carrying capacity will vary depending on the resource in question. For example, when considering water quantity the entire Eagle River basin should be exam- ined since Vail depends on water from Black Lakes and now the upper Eagle River. The primary geographic area of concern for air quality is in the Vail Valley in that woodburn- ing in Vail Valley is the most significant factor that influences airborne particulate matter. OBJECTIVES Ensure development does not exceed carrying capacity for both human and natural resources through implementation of environmental programs, policies, and regulations. Develop a transportation system that minimizes impacts to natural and man-made resources. Educate residents and businesses on strategies to foster environmental steward- ship. Promote and recognize sustainable devel- opment and environmental (eco) tourism e.g., interpretive hiking, environmental education on Vail Mountain). Instill a strong sense of community for residents through the implementation of environmental programs. ACTIONS 1. Through an environmental assessment of the community, determine key resources that need defined carrying capacities. The Town then needs to identify those carrying capacities and develop strategies for staying within those limits. The Town will need to identify mitigation strategies if carrying capacity has been exceeded for critical man- made or natural resources. 2. Develop incentives to promote a sustain- able community in Vail. 3. Improve public involvement in environ- mental programs through regular newspaper articles, involvement in projects, and local access T.V. 4. Encourage businesses and government to adopt The Vail Environmental Principles Tailored from the Valdez Principles) through education and incentives. The Vail Environmental Principles 1. Sustainable use of natural resources 2. Reduction of disposable waste 3. Wise use of energy 4. Environmental risk reduction 5. Marketing of safe products and services 6. Disclosure of environmental risk 7. Designate an envirnnmental manager 8. Annual environmental audits/assessments 5. Review international, national, and state policies for sustainable development and as appropriate, draft local regulations/polices that support them. 6. Implement the Maurie Nottingham Environmental Quality Award to recognize businesses and individuals that demonstrate environmental leadership. Criteria for this award have been developed and would be awarded based on the ability of the appli- cant to meet those criteria. 7. Develop or tighten regulations, as neces- sary, to help ensure development does not exceed carrying capacity for human or natural resources and is consistent with the community's mountain character. This action would include the following tasks: a. Review Design Review Board guide- lines For buildings and landscaping to ensure the design principles are environ- mentally sound. b. Reevaluate the criteria and need for the Hillside Residential District. 19 from Dillon to Parachute along the I-70 corridor and reaches south to Aspen and Leadville. The estimated cost to implement the high priority actions is 350 million. The Town of Vail would benefit significantly by the proposed rail d. Update the Vail Land Use Plan. e. Complete text changes to the Agriculture Open Space and Greenbelt Natural Open Space zone districts as well as review parcel zoning and make necessary rezoning changes to ensure effective protection of sensitive natural open spaces. 8. Utilize carrying capacity thresholds when reviewing development applications. For example, this would involve evaluating water availability and the ability to maintain adequate stream flows and using that infor- mation in reviewing development. 9. Review the Inter-Mountain Transpor- tation Plan and determine how the Town of Vail should assist in the implementation of this plan. This plan identifies actions to improve mass transit, cycling, and pedestri- an transportation in the Inter-Mountain Transportation Region. This region extends from Denver to Vail. 10. The efforts of the Vail Housing Authority should be acknowledged and supported in providing housing to Vail employees. Over 2,700 employees commute to Vail every day from Leadville, Gypsum and everywhere in between. This commute is necessary because housing is often beyond the economic means of Vail employees. Providing housing to employees in Vail decreases the significant environ- mental impacts of automobile traffic and increases the sense of community in the Town. By maintaining a strong sense of community, residents are more likely to become active in protecting their environ- ment. Providing "attainable" housing for Vail employees will help make Vail a more environmentally sustainable community and should be a high priority for business- es, private citizens, and the Town. 15 c. Protect riparian areas around Gore Creek and its tributaries. 6 Ecosystem Protection BACKGROUND Ecosystem protection provides a holistic approach to resource management. An ecosys- tem can be defined as a community of indepen- dentorganisms (plants and animals) and the abiotic (nonliving) environment they inhabit and interact with in a geographic area. Ecosystem management involves maintain- ing ahealthy natural and man-made system. Traditionally, environmental regulations have focused on key problem areas such as a major point source of water pollution or trying to save an endangered species in an area. Trying to mitigate the symptoms of environmental degradation has led to reacting to major envi- ronmental problems rather than trying to prevent them in the first place. Environmental scientists and policy makers now see that ecosystem management is a more effective method of protecting the environment. The Town of Vail is located within a sensitive ecosystem that provides critical habitat to a number of terrestrial and aquatic. species. The water quality and air quality are also sensi- tive to devel- opment. Since an ecosystem can consist of thousands of species, geo- logic and soil conditions, water resources, and air quality, it is essential to determine key elements of an ecosystem that reflect the general health of a natural system. For instance, a healthy rain- bow trout population can be an effective indi- cator of good water quality. Therefore it is not necessary to measure every organism in an ecosystem to protect it, although it is necessary to carefully determine indicator measurements and thresholds for those measurements. It should also be acknowledged that no one governmental entity can protect an ecosystem, since an ecosystem boundary does not conform to political boundaries. Therefore, collabora- tion among governmental entities and private property owners in an ecosystem is necessary to ensure effective protection. OBJECTIVES Determine key thresholds for air quality, water quality, and protection of critical habitat in and around the Town of Vail as they relate to development or human induced stress. Ensure a sustainable trout population in the Gore Creek. Identify and protect sensitive natural areas e.g. wetlands, riparian areas, critical habitat, wellhead protection areas, aquifer recharge areas, view corridors, areas prone to ero- sion, and steep slopes. Reduce PMIO levels through wood fire- place conversions and best management practices (e.g, volcanic cinders, regular street sweeping) of winter road applications. ACTIONS 1. Conduct an environmental assessment of the Town of Vail. This study would identify environmental risks (hazardous materials that could be released, obstruction of wildlife corridors, use of chlorine in pools) and impacts in the Town. It would also provide recommendations to improve effi- ciency in the use of natural resources. The assessment will also help identify key thresholds for the use of natural resources and public services. A major benefit of this assessment would be to establish a baseline for environmental quality by which future environmental programs could be measured. 16 It would also help identify the need for new regulations or modifications to existing regulations. 2. Implement the Comprehensive Open Lands Plan. The action plan may need to be modified after the environmental assessment of the community is completed. 3. Implement an information program for residents, guests, and students to improve the communities understanding of our ecosystem. This program could include an environmental summer camp, volunteer youth and adult) environmental projects, newspaper articles, and expansion of pro- gramsoffered at the Vail Nature Center. 4. Evaluate existing policies to determine if changes are required or whether new polices are needed to protect the ecosystem. This may include: a. controls on development to protect sensitive natural areas. 6. landscape requirements to minimize water consumption, improve wildlife habitat, and to protect mature trees. c. air quality regulations. d. regulations/policies to reduce water quality impacts from nonpoint source contribution. e. water conservation. F. wellhead protection program to pre- vent impacts to groundwater wells. 5. Conduct a habitat study of the Gore Creek to determine species composition and numbers. This study would evaluate habitat conditions and water quality and determine what steps are needed to protect or improve aquatic habitat in Gore Creek. The next and most important step of this study would be to implement specific actions from the study. One key outcome of this study would be to determine optimal stream Flows to maintain Vail's Gold Medal fishing status. 6. Implement a stream watch program to better manage the Gore Creek and enforce regulations. This program would involve training volunteers to help report violations of DOW fishing regulations and TOV regulations. They can also serve as an informational source for recreationalists and fisherman using Gore Creek. 7. Complete an urban wildlife study for Vail which would utilize the information in the Open Lands Plan. This study would focus on identifying and improving wildlife corridors and educating residents on living in a mountain community where individu- als may come in close contact with wildlife. Another aspect of this program should be an effort to encourage residents to use bear proof garbage cans to reduce conflicts with Black Bears. This may involve requiring bear proof garbage cans for new develop- ment and/or requiring these type of con- tainers for areas that are experiencing bear problems. 8. Work with the White River Forest Service and the County to promote an eco- system approach to forest and land man- agement. 9. Develop a tree and vegetation protection program that respects private property rights and ensures the protection of valu- able trees and other vegetation critical for wildlife habitat, aesthetics, and soil stabi- lization. This program would encourage the use of native species with low water demands. Educatjon and possibly regula- tions should be implemented that reduce dependency on chemicals and water for landscaping. 10. Continue the annual Trees For Vail event and implement the Town of Vail Landscape Plan. 11. The I-70 corridor is a major source of environmental impacts in the Vail area. Noise, water, and air pollution are generat- ed by interstate vehicular traffic. Action needs to be taken to reduce these impacts. The first part of this action would be a feasibility study to determine the best methods for mitigating specific impacts along the I-70 corridor. The second part of this action would be implementing the mitigation actions. 17 7 Environmental Efficiency BACKGROZTND This goal area focuses on resource conser- vation in the Town of Vail in three areas: ener- gy, water and waste management. Resource conservation is an integral component in a sustainable community. It reduces the amount of nonrenewable resources that are required to supply a community and it reduces the amount of waste generated that must be disposed or emitted into the environment. OBJECTIVES 1. Reduce total energy consumption per capita in the Town of Vail by 5% by the year 2000. 2. Reduce per capita domestic water con- sumption by 15% by the year 2000. 3. Develop a comprehensive waste manage- ment program that will reduce the disposal of waste by (as measured in tons per year measured at the Eagle County Landfill) 30% within the Town of Vail by 2000 and reduce toxicity in the waste stream. ACTIONS It should be noted that each of the action areas For energy, water, and waste manage- ment have an education, incentive, and regulation component to them. There is also a preference to first imple- menteducational and incentive programs before implementing new regulations. However, it is recognized that regulation may be the only effective way to achieve the above stated objectives. It should also be noted that programs need to be tailored to different populations in the Vail community including primary and second home owners, guests, business owners, and employees. 1. Establish a baseline in 1995 for water conservation, energy conservation, and waste production so that the implementation of the above mentioned objectives can be measured. 2. Develop a comprehensive energy conservation program through the following methods: a. Education on energy saving devices and building techniques. b. Provide energy audits for residences and buildings to determine the most cost effective means of reducing energy consumption. c. Provide tours of energy efficient model homes. d. Create incentives for implementing energy conservation techniques. e. Create or change Town regulations to mandate energy conservation in building practices. f. Expand mass transit to reduce gas consumption. g. Develop and distribute a List of energy conserving appliances that can be pur- chased in the area. 3. Work with the Vail Valley Consolidated Water District to determine water use patterns and then develop a water conserva- tion report which will recommend water conservation techniques that might include: a. Education on water conservation. 18 b. Working with home and business owners to recommend the most cost effective methods for water conservation. c. Incentives for implementing water conservation techniques. d. Tours of model homes or buildings that use water conservation technology. e. Changes in regulations to reduce water consumption (e.g. low water landscaping requirements, building codes on low flow toilets and shower heads). f. Developing and distributing a list of water saving products. 4. Implement an integrated solid waste management program for the Town of Vail that will utilize the following hierarchy: 1) reduce, 2) reuse, 3) and recycle. Reduction is the first priority because it can be the most cost effective and is the most environmentally friendly approach to waste management. Reusing and recycling waste divert refuse from landfills but they do require energy and a processing system to operate. The following will be components of this program: a. Use the Northwest Colorado Council of Governments solid waste study for Eagle County to determine waste stream characteristics in the Town of Vail. b. Develop an educational program and incentives to encourage individuals and businesses to reduce, reuse, and recycle. c. Through education and incentives encourage food service establishments to buy recycled materials, use reusable products, and to implement recycling. d. Develop programs or policies to reduce the generation of construction waste. e. Develop a composting program to divert yard waste from the landfill. E Work with We Recycle to increase waste diversion to 30% by 2000 based on the baseline year mentioned in action 1. g. Encourage users of hazardous mate- rials through education and incentives to use less toxic products and when they do use hazardous materials to safely store and dispose of them. h. Develop a program to encourage households to use clean alternatives to household hazardous waste generating products (e.g. pesticides, herbicides, cleaners). i. Evaluate and implement, if feasible, an impact fee for new development or redevelopment to pay for recycling and waste disposal services. j. Evaluate and implement, if feasible, a bottle deposit that would provide an economic incentive for individuals to return bottles for reuse. 5. Evaluate and implement, if Feasible, a green tax on products which are wasteful or simply not environmentally friendly. This would be an additional sales tax on specific products that are not environmen- tally friendly i.e., disposable bags, house- hold hazardous materials. The concept behind this type of tax is that it discourages the use of "wasteful" products and provides a revenue source for environmental pro- grams. The economic impacts benefits would have to be closely examined before implementing this action. 6. An alternative to action #5 is identifying and promoting products that are environ- mentally friendly (i.e. minimize packaging, recyclable, use recycled materials, non- toxic). This can be done with a "green" tag or through a list of green products that are available in the community. 7. Develop an incentive program to encour- age the development of "green" buildings which accomplish the objectives mentioned above. Incentives could include additional GRFA, density, or other incentives. 19 E:~ 2. Have the Town of Vail recognized as an environ- mental leader through implementa- tion of envi- ronmental programs. ACTIONS 1. Conduct an environmental review of Town facilities and programs to ensure compliance with federal, state, and local environmental regulations. This review will recommend specific action that the Town needs to take to reduce natural resource consumption and environmental risk. 2. Identify sources of hazardous materials in the Town and recommend clean alternatives, if available, and provide property owners with information on proper handling and disposal of hazardous materials. 3. Implement a training program for Town staff and other key agencies to effectively respond to hazardous waste incidents. 4. Identify locations of all underground and above ground storage tanks and provide recommendations to reduce environmental risk. 5. Identify grants for environmental pro- grams and actively seek out environmental awards that Vail might be eligible for. 6. Evaluate whether a new Environmental Commission is required to provide guidance for Town environmental programs. 7. Host environmental conferences and forums to inform residents of environmental issues and to help recognize Vail as an environmental leader. 8. Provide environmental educational opportunities, e.g. summer camp for high school students. It may be desirable to develop an environmental educational institute or learning center to provide valu- able educational opportunities and to act as a cornerstone for identifying Vail as an environmental leader. 9. Develop a means to inform business and general contractors about new Federal and State of Colorado environmental regulations e.g. notification of asbestos abatement). 10. Install a dedicated environmental hotline. 20 Environmental 1~dlanagement and Compliance BACKGROUND This goal area is focused on ensuring the Town of Vail is a leader in environmental management and compliance. The number of environmental regulations that municipalities must comply with continues to increase sign~- cantly. The Town of Vail wants to go one step beyond compliance and be proactive to potentially new environmental regulations that are on the horizon. Through a program of proactive environmental management, Vail will become a recognized leader in environmental quality. OBJECTIVES 1. Develop a proactive environmental man- agementprogram that will address ever increasingly stringent environmental regulations. 9 Implementation Implementation of this plan will require time, money, people,TABLE 3 and cooperation among stake-Implementation Costs holders in the community. Full Year Cost implementation will also require cooperation from other govern- 1995 $28,250 (excludes revision of land use plan) mental entities since environ-1996 $29,000 mental issues do not stop at 1997 $71,000 political boundaries. The objec-1998 $71,000 five of this section is to summa- Total $199,250 rize the actions stated in the four goal areas, estimate costs, set Notes: a. Costs exclude open lands plan costs of $4.5 million priorities, and identify stake-paid from Real Estate Transfer Tax. holders that are needed to imple-b. Costs exclude mass transit costs ($90 - $350 million) since ment the actions. It should be implementation schedule still needs to be defined by Inter- recognized that several actions Mountain Planning Region. apply to two or more goal areas.c. Annual ongoing cost will initially be $4,500. For example the environmental assessment discussed in the sustainable devel- opmentgoal area is also an action for ecosys- tem protection. COSTS The implementation of this plan is based on a four year action plan. Many of the pro- grams or policies implemented in this four year period will be ongoing in nature and will require monitoring. Table 3 lists the associated costs that are estimated for each year of the implementation plan. These costs reflect the actions that are described in Table 4. ACTION PLAN This plan has three basic types of actions; 1) education, 2) incentives, and 3) regulation. All three of this actions have costs both eco- nomic and political. It is recommended that all three of these techniques be used but that priority be given to education and incentives. In some cases, it may be necessary to quickly pass new regulations, particularly in the area of land use controls. It should be noted that local regulations have to be at least as stringent or more stringent than Federal or State of Colorado Regulations. Table d summarizes the major actions and how they will be implemented. Each action may apply to several goal areas. The third column lists the applicable goal areas that apply to each action. Action costs are rough estimates and may be shared by several stake- holders. This plan is intended to provide a work program for the Town of Vail and iden- tify other stakeholders to participate in imple- mentation. This plan does not obligate them in any way to participate in this plan. However, this will give the Town direction in terms of other stakeholders it should encourage to participate in this plan's implementation. FINANCING IIVIPLEIVIENTATION Currently the Town funds environmental programs at approximately $20,000 per year and has two staff members to work on envi- ronmental programs and carry out environ- mental health inspections. The plan will require creative methods to fully implement this program with existing resources. Additional sources of funding that could be used include: US EPA Grants The Environmental Protection Agency has over a 100 different grants where a municipality or state may apply to obtain funding for environmental programs. The Town has obtained over $20,000 in EPA grants through Northwest Colorado Council of Governments to help fund the stormwater discharge study. Many EPA grants require matching funding and a significant amount of work to complete the grant application. 21 Nevertheless, this funding source should be pursued to augment Town funds. Technical Assistance The Northwest Colorado Council of Governments awards three technical assistance grants a year for planning projects. The Town was awarded a technical assistance grant to identify environmental trends that may affect Vail in the future. It is recommended that the Town continue to pursue these grants from NWCCOG for planning-related environmental projects. Also other Federal and quasi public agencies provide technical assistance to com- munities. For instance, the National Park Service has a technical assistance grant for river and stream management. The National Heritage Program can provide assistance in identifying sensitive natural areas. Another organization that could provide technical services to the Town is the Sustainable Futures Society. The Sustainable Futures Society consists of professors and other environmental professionals who can assist with community environmental projects. The State of Colorado can also provide technical assistance through the Office of Business Development and the OElice of Energy Conservation. band Trusts Organizations like the Nature Conser- vancy or Colorado Open Iands can help communities cost-effectively protect environ- mentally sensitive open space. These types of organizations can have significant financial backing and experience in protecting natural resources. Volunteer Community Support Community volunteers could be used on many of the recommendations. For instance local naturalists could assist with habitat stud- ies. We Recycle could provide valuable assis- tance in the development of an integrated solid waste program. The real estate community could possibly assist with open houses for energy efficient homes. Volunteer Environmental Educ1,~:... S Environmental education is a key compo- nent of this plan. Educational programs are needed for schools, businesses, government, and the general public. The Vail Valley has many individuals that have significant knowl- edge and interest in environmental issues. The Town and other stakeholders may fmance the creation of educational programs but could use volunteers to inform residents and businesses on various environmental topics mentioned in this plan. Impact Fees A possible source of revenue that has been used in other communities is to create a development impact fee to fund certain types of environmental projects. For instance an impact fee could be established for new devel- opment or redevelopment that would help create a fund for waste management, habitat improvement and tree replanting. Private/Public Partnerships Collaborative efforts between the Town and other interested stakeholders should be an integral component of implementing this plan. Organizations that have an environmental interest should be approached to cooperatively implement programs. For instance both Vail Associates and the Vail Alpine Gardens have expressed an interest in providing environmen- tal education. The Town has worked with the County, fireplace retailers, and Public Service to develop an incentive program to encourage property owners to convert dirty burning fireplaces to clean burning state of the art units. The Town should actively seek other interested stake holders to collaborate with on environmental programs. Universities Universities and colleges are also sources of technical assistance. Most universities have natural resource or environmental science programs with graduate students who might be utilized to work on projects. Working with graduate students on environmental projects can provide the Town with free or inexpensive labor while providing the student an opportu- nity to complete thesis or graduate course work. Extend Time Frame The annual cost for implementing the action plan could be reduced by extending the implementation schedule. 22 i Stsrt Year Action Ongoing Work with the USFS & County to implement ecosystem management Ongoing Seek out environmental awards and grants Ongoing Air Quality Program Ongoing Implement Open Lands Plan Ongoing Environmental Quality Award Ongoing Improve public education and involvement 1995 Complete Open Land Zone District changes 1995 Determine baseline for energy usage, water usage, and waste generation 1995 Prepare Tree/Vegetation Protection Ordinance 1995 Create a dedicated environmental hotline 1995 Develop a water conservation program 1995 Evaluate need to create an environmental commission 1995 Revise Land Use Plan 1995 Develop an Integrated Waste Management Program 1996 I Revise EIR regulation 1996 Implement a habitat improvement program for Gore Creek 1996 I Environmental Assessment (EA) 1996 I Revising DRB and zoning regulations TABLE 4 Action Plan Applicable Time Goal(s) Requirement 2 Ongoing 4 1, 2 1, 2 1, 2 All 1, 2 3 Ongoing Ongoing 1994-9T 1995-99 Ongoing 3 months 3 months 2 4 1, 3 4 1, 2 1, 3 3 months N/A 1 year 2 months 1 year 1 year 1, 2 12 months 2 ( 2 years 1,2,4 I, 2 1 year 1 year Eet. Coat/ Staff Time 40 hours/year 120 hours/year 2,000 4.5 million 500 2,000 for educa- tional material 80 hours 4,0001 120 hours 1,000 for intern 250 8,000 30 hours 160,000 CIP Budget 15,000 40 hours 15,000 24 months 12,000 200 hours Stakeholders TOV, USFS, VA White River National Forest TOV, businesses, residents TOV, Public Service Co., retailers, banks Council & staff TOU, VA, Public Service Co. TOV, VA, USFS, Nature Center TOV & residents TOV, VA, Holy Cross, Public Service, Vail Valley Consolidated Water District Vail Alpine Garden, TOV Landscapers TOV -Comm Dev TOV, Water District, NWCCOG ' Council, PEC, stall' TOV & public TOV, We Recycle, BFI, NWCCOG TOV Trout Unlimited, DOW, TOV Town of Vail, business owners Comm Dev & public 23 i Start Year 1496 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 1998 1998 1998 Note: This Action Develop incentives to promote environmentally friendly economic development Review implementation of InterMountain Transportation Plan Education to promote sustainable development practices Education on area ecosystem Host annual environmental symposium Habitat improvement for wildlife Begin implementing recommendations from Stormwater Discharge Plan Develop a hazardous material assistance program Implement a model home program to demonstrate energy, water, and natural resource conservation Conduct an energy audit of community and develop energy conservation strategies I Develop an [-70 environmental mitigation plan Table reflects estimated costs. TABLE 4 (Continued) Action Plan Applicable Time Est. Cost/ Goal(s) Requirement Staff Time 1 6 months I $2,000 for promotion 1 ~ 10 years ~ 200 hours 1, 3 1, 2 4 2 2 4 3 1, 3 2, 4 Ongoing Ongoing 12 months 6 months 6 months 4 months 4 months 5,000 1,000 100 hours 15,000 50,000 10,000 1,000 ar $10,000 ar $50,000 Stalceholdere Town of Vail, private sector Inter-Mountain Flanning Region & CDOT & U.S. DOT TOV, Rocky Mt. Institute, building community Nature Center, TOV, Alpine Gardens, schools Vail Symposium, TOV TOV, DOW, USFS, National Heritage Program TOV, VA, Water District Fire Dept. and Env. Health TOV, Home builders Assoc., Board of Realtors TOV, Holy Cross, Public Service, Rocky Mt. Institute, builders TOV, DOT 29 to Conclusion The Vail Environmental Strategic Plan defines a direction to make Vail an environ- mental leader. Proactive environmental man- agement and stewardship are essential in maintaining the natural mountain character of Vail. Protecting the natural character of Vail is also essential to ensure long-term economic vitality since the valley's natural resources are a key element in the economic success of Vail. This Plan defines a vision statement that the Town will strive to obtain. To reach this vision four goal areas have been defined and actions plans were developed to address these goals. The four goal areas cover a comprehen- sive list of environmental issues from air quali- ty protection to environmentally sound design principles. The plan also defimes an implemen- tation plan with estimated costs to provide a practical means of implementing this plan. This plan provides a framework for envi- ronmental management, education, and regula- tion in the Town of Vail. Benefits of this plan's implementation include: 1. Directly addressing concerns identified in the 1994 community survey by providing a long-range environmental workplan to protect and improve Vail's environment. 2. Improving cooperation and collaboration with other stakeholders on environmental programs. 3. Recognizing Vail as a leader in environ- mental stewardship. 4. Improving the sense of community by active participation in the implementation of this plan by residents, businesses, interest groups, and government. 5. Keeping Vail environmentally proactive and reducing compliance costs. Implementation of the four year action plan will allow these benefits to be realized. Many of the actions outlined in Table 4 will also require ongoing support. This plan provides a direction for attaining the Town's environmental vision and is also dynamic so that actions can be modified to adjust for changes in trends and public concerns. Monitoring implementation will also be required to ensure effectiveness. Through this strategic planning process, the Town of Vail will set a standard for envi- ronmental protection and natural resource stewardship. The Town will join other com- munities in helping to solve global environ- mental challenges through local actions. Thinking globally and acting locally has been a key ingredient in making Vail an interna- tional leader as a ski resort and will also help distinguish Vail as an environmental leader. 25 Appendix 1 ENVIRONMENTAL SUCCESS STORIES In 1980 the Town of Vail completed a Gore Valley Capacity Study which was prepared by Gage Davis Associates, Inc. The study consist- ed of a series of surveys and questionnaires which were conducted on 25 days during the course of the entire 1979-1980 ski season. Seven different surveys were conducted in all, on both peak and non-peak days. Surveys applicable to environmental issues include: The Skier Survey, The Transportation Survey, and The Employee Housing Survey. In addition, data was gathered regarding water and sewage usage, weather and air quality, bus and parking lot utilization, and zoning and development statistics in the Gore Valley. In 1980 the Town of Vail established a 1% Real Estate Transfer Tax to acquire and pro- tect open space in the Town of Vail. In 1989 We Recycle was established as a not- for-profit company to provide recycling ser- vices to Eagle County. This has been a grass roots effort in Eagle County that now diverts approximately 4°l0 of the waste stream. In 1990, the Town of Vail implemented regulations that prohibited open hearth fire- places from being built in the Town of Vail. The Town also initiated an incentive program to convert existing dirty burning fireplaces to clean burning fu•eplaces. To date over 400 voluntary conversions have occurred and the brown haze problem in the Town has been significantly reduced. In 1992 the Town initiated a Stormwater Discharge program to reduce water quality impacts from runoll". With the assistance of NWCCOG the Town has completed a compre- hensive survey of water quality impacts and is now working on developing programs to mitigate nonpoint sources of water quality impacts. In 1993, the Town completed a biological survey of the Vail Valley with the assistance of the National Heritage Program which identi- fied sensitive natural areas in the Town that should be protected. In 1993 the Vail Symposium was focused on healthy communities which in large part dis- cussed environmental issues. The Director of the United Nations Environmental Program was a speaker at this symposium. In 1993 the Town of Vail created the Maurie Nottingham Environmental Quality Award to recognize outstanding environmental programs or efforts in the community. In 1994 the Town of Vail adopted a compre- hensive C-pen Lands Plan that laid out a 4 year action plan to acquire or protect sensitive natural areas and areas needed for outdoor recreation. In 1992, the Trees for Vail program was initiated. This is an annual volunteer event in the summer to plant trees in the Town of Vail. The Town of Vail has adopted and begun implementation of a landscape plan to improve vegetative cover in public areas. The Town of Vail has adopted a waste management policy. 26 OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL PLANS AND STUDIES I. Environmental Assessments and Impact Statements 1. Environmental Assessment: Vail Ski Area Expansion. White River National Forest -Holy Cross Ranger District. Eagle County, Colorado, November 25, 1986. This Environmental Assessment discusses amending the Vail Area Master Development Plan. The Forest Service chose to adopt the proposal which allows for the expansion of existing boundaries of the Vail Area Ski Area to include the headwater drainage of Mill Creek and Two Elk Creek. This assessment analyzes the issues, alternatives to the propos- al, effects of the proposal and various alterna- tives, and discusses mitigating measures which could reduce the impacts. The document specifically addresses environmental conse- quences on the Biophysical and Socioeconomic Environments. 2. I-7~lMain Interchange Improvements Environmental Assessment. By the U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration, and the Colorado Department of Highways. October, 1987. An Environmental Assessment of a pro- posed project to modify the I-70/Main Vail Interchange in Vail, Colorado. This document addresses the following environmental impacts and mitigation measures: Archaeology/ Paleontology, History, Sociology and Econom- ics, Land Use, Air Quality, Noise, Ecology, Wetlands, Threatened and Endangered Species, Water Quality, Water Quality Per- mits, Hydrology, Floodplain, Farmlands, Right-Of--Way, Traffic Operations, Traffic Safety, Park and Recreation Lands, and Public Involvement. II. Water Quality Studies, Reports, Plans, and Environmental Assessments 1. Upper Eagle Valley Nonpoint Source Assessment and Control Plan. Volume 1: Assessment of Nonpoint Sources. Prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Region VIII. February, 1980. By Engineering Science Inc. Study is primarily concerned with exist- ing and potential nonpoint sources of water pollution in the Upper Eagle Valley of Colorado. Source categories that are consid- ered include, but are not limited to, urban runoff, construction activity, highway runoff and mining activities. In addition, the study addresses the development of site specific solutions for problems that are needed to significantly reduce nonpoint source pollution and to meet water quality standards. 2. Gore Creek Hydrology Report. Prepared by Hydro-Triad, LTD. March 19, 1975. The Gore Creek Hydrology Report presents the methodology used for the hydro- logic and hydraulic analyses utilized in the Gore Creek Flood Plain Study. Important environmental issues addressed include: Gore Creek History and Basin Description, Geology, Soils, Vegetal Cover, Hydrologic Records, Moisture Sources, Rainfall Precipitating, Snowfall Precipitation, Stream- flow, Effects of Development on Flooding, Design Floods, Gore Creek Channel Characteristics, Characteristics of Flooding, Flood Plain Computations and Methodology, and Black Lake Dams. 3. Gore Creek Floodplain Information. Colorado Water Conservation Board, Vail, Eagle County, Colorado. Prepared by Hydro-Triad, LTD. June, 1975. This hydrologic study defines flooding threats to existing development and provides for orderly growth within the valley. In gener- al, the study focuses on four major subjects which are: Gore Creek Area History and Background, Gore Creek Basin Description, Hydrology, Channel Flow Characteristics, and Flooding. 4. Gore Creek Floodplain Amendment. Colorado Water Conservation Board. Vail, Eagle County, Colorado. Prepared by Hydro-Triad, LTD. January, 1978. 27 This Amendment to the Gore Creek Floodplain Information Reports includes a hydraulic evaluation of two new bridges on Gore Creek. The Flood plains as previously established in the Gore Creek Floodplain Information Reports were revised accordingly. 5. Gore Creek 500 Year Recurrence Interval Fioodplain. Colorado Water Conservation Board. Vail, Eagle County, Colorado. Prepared by Hydro- Triad, LTD. November 2, 1976. Enclosed in the study is a set of plates delineating both the 100 year and 500 year flood plains. A brief description of the Gore Creek hydrology and discharge computations is presented. Additionally, a discussion of Flood stage computation procedure is included. The document provides less detailed information describing the basin, vegetation, and infiltra- tion rates. 6. Gore Creek -Potential Flood Damage and Improvement Recommendations. Colorado Water Conservation Board. Vail, Eagle County, Colorado. Prepared by Hydro- Triad, LTD. November, 1975. The report indicates several areas of problem flooding along Gore Creek. It con- tains recommendations for alleviation of dam- ages during flood, recommendations for maintaining roadway access during flooding, and a suggested ordinance for systematic usage. In effect, it is a flood plain management tool which is aimed at striking a happy medium between no flood plain development and the kind of flood plain development which has characterized our abuses of the rivers in the past. 7. Gore Creek Valley Water Resources study. Prepared for Ken R. White Company, Consulting Engineers. Denver, CO - Blatchly Associates, Consulting Water Engineers, Denver, CO. September, 1975. Study includes an analysis of the water supply position of the Vail Water and Sanitation District, and an evaluation of the potential for consolidating the Vail District with five other municipal water organizations in the Valley. Preliminary Planning and Feasibility Study: Reuse of Municipal Waste Water Effluent. Gore Creek Valley Water Authority Committee, Vail, Colorado. In The Gore Creek Valley and Upper Eagle Valley, Colorado. November, 1978. The report addresses the potential for reuse of wastewater effluent generated from the treatment plants at Vail and Avon, Colorado. It found that, although technically possible, none of the potential reuse alterna- tives are even close to being cost effective, and they lend little, if any, environmental benefit to the area. 9. Vail Nonpoint Source Water Quality Management Program Part I: Project Results From 1992. March, 1993. Prepared by Northeast Colorado Council of Governments. The project provides a detailed manage- ment program which documents current and potential water quality problems and provides recommendations on management practices and regulation controls to protect water quality from nonpoint sources of pollutants. 10. Gilman Mine Water Resource Study. Gore Creek Valley Water Authority Committee, Camp Dresser & McKee, Inc. Environmental Engineers. Denver, CO. November, 1978. The purpose of the report was to evaluate the feasibility of using the Gilman Mine, and others as water storage reservoirs, to provide water supply and stream augmentation water for some of the water districts located along Gore Greek and the Upper Eagle River. The study found that such usage of the mines was technically possible, but not feasible. 11. Water Quality Consideration for Highway Planning and Construction: I-70 -Vail Pass, Colorado. U.S. Forest Service, White River National Forest, Glenwood Springs, CO. April, 1978. 28 The construction of the four-lane highway over Vail Pass, Colorado, has provided the opportunity to implement many new and innovative erosion control measures on the new and sensitive, high elevation, mountain pass. This report evaluates the performance of these erosion and sediment control structures. 12. I-70 in a Mountain Environment, Uail Pass, Colorado. Prepared by the Colorado Department of Highways for the United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Adminis- tration Office of Development in Cooperation with the United States Forest Service. October, 1987. This booklet claims to illustrate a success- ful environmental protection effort through the interagency cooperation. The booklet stressed that professional expertise provided by various agencies presented a truly interdisciplinary effort. In general, the book documents the many innovative ideas, designs, and construc- tion techniques used in the planning, design, and construction of Interstate Highway 70 over Vail Pass. Successful solutions for many of the sensitive environmental problems of the highway development were found and applied through the cooperation of many different agencies and professionals. III.Other Related Reports, Studies, and Plans I .Rapid Mass-Wasting Processes: vail, co. Arthur Mears, Gunnison, CO. April, 1977. This report supplements maps of rapid mass-wasting processes and related hazard intensity designations prepared at the request of the Town of Vail. It provides background information about typical locations, causative factors, and dynamics of debris flows, debris floods, debris avalanches, rockfall, and rock fall avalanches, all of which can occur within the town limits of Vail. 2. Uail /Beaver Creek Winter Quality Research. Winter Quality Research Task Force. Gage Davis Associates, Inc. 1980-1981. Purpose of study moved from issues of capacity to concern for measures of quality, characteristics of the Vail market, the impact of opening Beaver Creek, and comparison of Vail and Beaver Creek. Chapter Four deals with issues of growth and community development. This chapter concluded that: a. Significant consensus exists among all skier groups that Vail is becoming over- crowdedand congested and is in danger of losing its attractiveness. b. Support appears to exist for the concept of developing public policies to restrict or limit the rate of growth in Vail and Eagle County. c. Skiing in Vail is viewed as reaching the point where it is becoming congested. Support exists both for the expansion of existing facilities and for continued use of the ticket limitation survey. 3. Master Plan Town of Dail Municipal Cemetery. Prepared for the Town of Vail Community Development Department by Alpine International Design, Inc., Landscape Architects; Harley Ellington Pierce Yee, Architects and Planners; and The Sloane Consulting Group, Management and Consultants. October, 1993. A preliminary environmental analysis was conducted in November, 1992 by the Commu- nity Development Department staff to identify any sensitive environmental issues that might be associated with the development of a ceme- tery at Donovan Park. Using a series of ques- tions designed to flag areas of higher risk, the study suggests that the risks of impacts are greatest in four areas: ecology, surface water, ground water and aesthetics." Page 35. Assessing each of these, the study con- cludesthat, based on the conceptual design plan, no significant impact is anticipated from the development of a cemetery at Donovan Park. 29 Appendix 2 Common Wildlife Species in Vail Species Scientific Name Black bear Elk Mule deer Snowshoe bare Bobcat Red Fox Mountain lion Coyote Porcupine Pine marten Red squirrel Deer mouse Nuttall's wttontail Long-tailed weasel Red-backed vole Bat Bald eagle Golden eagle Perigrine falcon Red-tailed hawk Northern goshawk Northern 3-toed woodpecker Hairy woodpecker Northern flicker MacGillivary's warbler Pygmy nuthatch Warbling vireo Red crosshill Green-tailed towhee V'irginia's warbler Cedar waxwing Magpie Stellar's jay Gray jay Tree swallow Tiger salamander MAMMALS Ursus americanua Cerws elaphus Odocoileus hemonius Lepus americanus Lynx rufus I+ Vulpes fulva Felix concolor Canis latrans Erethizon dorsatum Manes americans Sciurius hudsonicus Peromyscus spp. Sylvilagua nuttalli Mustela frenata Microtis clethrionomys Myotis app. BIRDS Haleaeetus leucocephalus Aquila chrysaetos Falco peregrinus Buteo jamaicensis Accipiter gentilis Picoides tridactylus Picoides villosus Colaptes auratus Ctporomis tolmiei Sitta pygmaea Vireo gilvus Loxia curvirostra Pipilo chlorurus Vermivora virginiae Bombycilla cedrorum Pica pica Cyanocitta stelleri Perisoreus canadensis Tachycineta bicolor AMPHIBIAN Ambystoma tigrinum Sensitivity to Habitat Lose and Human Activity Sensitive Sensitive Sensitive Moderately sensitive Sensitive Moderately sensitive Sensitive Minimally sensitive Minimally sensitive Sensitive Moderately sensitive Minimally sensitive Minimally sensitive Moderately sensitive Sensitive Minimally sensitive Minimally sensitive Minimally sensitive Minimally sensitive Min: Moderately sensitive Minimally sensitive Moderately sensitive Moderately sensitive Minimally sensitive Moderately sensitive Moderately sensitive Moderately sensitive Moderately sensitive Moderately sensitive Moderately sensitive Minimally sensitive Minimally sensitive Moderately sensitive Minimally sensitive Moderately sensitive Sensitive 30 References Alberti, Marina, Jonathan Parker, Indices of Environmental Quality, The Search for Credible Measures, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Elsevier Science Publishing. Bryson, John M. and Robert C. Elsevier, editors, Strategic Planning: Threats and Opportunities for Planners, Planners Press, American Planning Association, Chicago, IL, 1988. Chirac, Daniel, Lessons from Nature, Learning to Live Sustainably on Earth, Island Press, Washington D.C., 1992. Costanza, Robert, Herman E. Daly, Natural Capital and Sustainable Development, Conservation Biology, March 1992. Cramton Jr., Martin R and Carol Stealey Morris, Managing Growth Through Strategic Planning, Urban Land, April 1986, pp. 2-5. Montell, Michael, Stephen Harper, Luther Propet, Creating Successful Communities, Island Press, Washington D.C., 1990. Oraians, Gordan, Ecological Concepts of Sustainabiiity, Environment, November 1990. Rees, William, A Role for Environmental Assessment in Achieving Sustainable Development, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, Elsevier Science Publishing Co. August, 1988. State of Colorado -Executive Office, Colorado Environment 2000, 1989. Town of Vail, The Uail Overview, Community Relations Division, 1993. Town of Vail, Development Statistics of the Town of Vail, Department of Community Development, January 1994. U.S. Army Environmental Policy Institute, Environmental Trends Update, TR-1547-1-12A, November 19, 1992. U.S. Census Bureau, 1990 Census, 1990. Vail Valley Consolidated Water District, Water Management Plan, December 1993. Vig, Norman J., Michael E. Kraft, Environmental Policy in the I990's, Congressional Quarterly Press, 1990. Council on Environmental Quality, 21st Annual Report, U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990. 31 r /'^ NOTIFICATION TO BUDGET OFFICE The Lease Administrator shall provide an annual listing with anticipated lease revenues for the next fiscal year to the Budget Officer on or about the first of August. ANNUAL REVIEW At least annually the Lease Administrator should review all leases with the Town Manager and the Finance Director. Effective Date Town Manager 3 ~-