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PEC19-0018_approved documents_1567721375 (1)
Planning& Environmental Commission(PEC) Department of Commu nityDevelopment 75 South Frontage Road West TOWN Of VAILr�� ACTION FORM Vail,CO81657 Tel: 970-479-2139 www.vailgov.com Project Name: East Vail Workforce Housing Application Number: PEC19-0018 2019 Application Type: Development Plan Date Applied: 05/27/2019 Project Description: PEC Development Plan Application forthe East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision CONTACTS ContactType: Applicant Fu II Name: Triumph Development West, LLC (Martin O'Connor) Address: Triumph Development West, LLC 12 Vail Rd Suite 700 phone: 2407936405 Vail, CO 81657 ContactType: Property Owner Fu11Name: VAIL CORPTHEFIXEDASSETS DEPARTMENT Address: Phone: None Project Address: 3700 N FRONTAGE RW E (210102403001) (210102403001) Job Site Location: Legal Description: Subdivision:EASTVAILWORKFORCE Lot: 1 Block: No HOUSING SUBDIVISION Data Parcel Nu mber: 210102403001 BOARDS/STAFF ACTION Motion By: Kurz Action: Approved Second By: Gillette Vote: 4-3-0 (Kjesbo, Hopkins and Date: 08/26/2019 Stockmaropposed) Conditions: - Planning and Environmental Com m issionapproval shall not become valid for20 days following the date of approval pursuant to Section 12-3-3, Appeals, Vail Town Code. - No changes to these plans maybe madewithout the written consent of Town of Vail staff and/orthe appropriate review committee(s). - Approval of this project shall lapse and become void one (1) year following the date of final approval, unless a building permit is issued and construction is commenced and is diligently pursued toward completion. - General Conditions of Approval 1. Certificates of Occupancy for this project will only be issued in a manner that maintainsa minimurrnf 70% of the total built Gross Residential Floor Area(GRFA) as deed-restricted employee housing units.At no timeshall the unrestricted units forwhich Certificates of Occupancy are issued exceed 30% of the total built GRFA. 2. This property is within a geologically sensitive area pursuant to Chapter12-21 Hazard Regulations, Vail Town Code. Prior to issuance of any building permit for construction within the geologically sensitive areas, the ownershall submita written, signed and notarized affidavitcertifying acknowledgement of receiving personal notice of the fact that that said building or structure is in an area of geologic sensitivity and notice of the studies conducted to date with regard thereto. 3. All plans submitted with the building permit application for property within geologically sensitive areas shall be stamped by the applicant "Geologically Sensitive Area" togetherwith the applicable zone designation.4. In lieu of the previously proposed on-site wildlife habitat mitigationplan,the applicant shall perforrrthe commitments outlined in the August16,2019 memotitled"Booth Heights Revised Wildlife Mitigation Plan Incorporating TOV's Biologist Recommendations" submitted by the applicant. This includes a $100,000 financial contribution by the applicant made priorto April 15 in the year that the applicant will pull a building permit, , to the Town of Vail or other such agency or entity determined in consultation with the Town of Vail and Colorado Parks and Wildlife,forthe purpose of ongoing wildlif e habitat improvements, monitoring and study. If said funds are not in f act spent within five (5) years of the date of the contribution, the funds shall be returned to the applicant within 30 days afterthe expiration of the 5-year period.Priorto Issuance of any Building Perm it5. Priorto building permit submittal, the applicant shall provide a plan for bus stops in the vicinity of the eastern end of the development to include stops on both the north and south side of the Frontage Road,to be reviewed and approved by staff. These improvements shall be financed by the applicant and completed priorto the first certificate of occupancy for the development. 6. Priorto Issuance of any Building Permit, the Applicant shall submit, for review and approval by the Town of Vail, a slope monitoring program, during construction activities, near the ancient landslide deposits at the east end of the site, in a formand mannerto be determined by the applicant's professional geologist. 7. Priorto Issuance of any Building Permit the applicant shall submit, for review and approval by the Town of Vail a plan for monitoring system with video recordings for enforcement of wildlifemitigationmeasures and trespass in prohibited areas and take corrective action to remedy trespass,which recording and records of enforcement shall be madeavailableto the Townof Vail upon request.This conditionshall continuewith the property ownerand managerof the Homeowners Association responsible forthe property. 8. Priorto creationof a curb cut and installation of improvements (bus stop and sidewalk) in Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT) the right-of-way, applicant shall obtain written approval fromthe Colorado Department of Transportation. A copy of such approval or permit shall be provided to the Town of Vail priorto related construction activities commencing. Priorto Issuance of the First Certificate of Occupancy 9. Priorto Issuance of any Certificate of Occupancy, the Applicant shall develop an Environmental Education Program to educate the residents and owners of the Booth Heights Neighborhood about the environmental sensitivity of the site and the vicinity. The Education Programshall be reviewed by the Town of Vail Environmental Sustainability Manager and the Colorado Parks and Wildlife District Wildlife Manager and approved by the Townof Vail. The Education Programshall include,at a minimum, information on the mapped wildlife habitats, potential human impacts to bighorn sheep,elk, blackbears,and peregrine falcon.The Education Program shall clearly describe the activities and uses that are prohibited on site (including dogs, outdoorfood gardens,bird feeders, feeding or harassing of wildlife) regulations on trash enclosures, prohibition on construction new trails, and prohibition on accessing the area to the north of the berm/fence. A copy of the Environmental Education Programshall be an attachment to all leases and provided to all tenants priorto occupancy, and shall also be recorded with the Eagle County Clerkand Recorderto informfuture property owners. A copy of the Education Programand Wildlife Mitigation Plan shall be kepton file with the Homeowners Association and shall be provided to all leaseholders and shall be made available within reasonable notice to any tenant,unit owneror the Townof Vail, upon request. 10. Applicant shall enterinto a protective covenantwith the Town of Vail,to be reviewed and approved by the Vail Town Council,that will bind the property, its current owners and all subsequent owners,to restrictions related to the prohibition of dogs other than those required to be permitted by law, prohibition on short termrentals,prohibition on the construction of trails, and prohibiting access to the 17.9 acre NAP parcel to the east. 11. Applicant shall install signs along the south side of the rock-fall bermclearly stating that access to the bermand properties to the north of the development site, and to the adjacent 17.9 acre NAP parcel, is prohibited. The location, numberand contentof signs shall be proposed by the applicant and approved by the Town of Vail Environmental Sustainability Manager and the Colorado Parks and Wildlife DistrictWildlife Manager.12. Applicant shall include a fenceeasementon the firstsubdivision plat recorded for this development, which easementshall generally be located along the south side of the rock-fall berm, for the potential future installation of wildlifefencing should it be determined necessary by Colorado Parks and Wildlife. 13. Applicant shall workwith the Town of Vail in good faith to pursue a conservation easement to permanently restrict the use of the 17.9 acre NAP parcel by obtaining a conservation easementfroma land trust.This conservation easementwill prohibit the construction of structures, butwill also preserve the ability for wildlife enhancements, as well as other requirements for the development of the Booth Heights neighborhood by the applicant such as geological monitoring and testing and soil stabilization activities. The primary purpose and related allowable use of the property shall be for the preservation and enhancement of wildlife. 14. Priorto final subdivision plat approval, a copy of the Homeowners Association documents shall be provided to the Townof Vail, and shall include an inspectionand maintenance plan for the rock-fall hazard mitigationberm. The plan shall include an inspection schedule.A copy of the inspection schedule and maintenance activities shall be provided to the Town of Vail upon request. 15. Prior to issuance of a Certificate of Occupancy for any of the deed-restricted employee housing units, the applicant shall record with the Eagle County Clerkand Recorder, in a formacceptable to the TownAttorney, the Town of Vail Type IV employee housing deed- restriction covenant. Planner: Jonathan Spence BOOTH HEIGHTS NEIGHBORHOOD AT THE EAST VAIL WORKFORCE HOUSING SUBDIVISION DEVELOPMENT APPLICATION fJ 2 i MAY 28, 2019 Development Team Applicant Wildlife Consultant Michael O'Connor Rick Thompson Triumph Development West,LLC Western Ecosystems, Inc. 12 Vail Road— Suite 700 905 West Coach Road Vail,CO 81657 Boulder,CO. 80302 Project Architect Traffic Consultant Mike Foster KariMcDowell Schroeder Triumph Custom Homes,LLC McDowell Engineering, LLC 12 Vail Road— Suite 700 PO Box 4259 Vail,CO 81657 Eagle,CO 81631 Landscape Architect Rockfall & Geotechnical Consultant Sandi Gibson Bill Koechlein Outside L.A. Cesare,Inc. Boulder,CO 7108 South Alton Way—Building B Steamboat Springs, CO Centennial, CO. 80112 Civil En ig neer Matt Wadey Alpine Engineering, Inc. 34510 Highway 6 —Unit A9 Edwards, CO. 81632 Environmental Impact Review DavidJohnson Western Ecological Resources 711 Walnut Street Boulder,CO. 80302 The Development Booth Heights is an exciting new residential development aimed at creating, maintaining and sustaining community in the Town of Vail("TOV"). The parcel is the only undeveloped Housing District parcel in TOV. With 73 new homes,the community will make the most meaningful addition to locals housing in the Town's recent history. Triumph Development is under contract to purchase the 23.3 acres EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision (` EVWHS")locatedat 3700 N. Frontage Road from Vail Resorts. This purchase contract includes all waterrights required for the development. Recognizing both the need f or locals housing and nearbycritical wildlife habitat,Vail Resorts rezoned the parcel from 23 acres of Two Family Residential to 5.4 acres of Housing and 17.9 acres of Natural Area Preservation set aside forwildlife, thereby consolidating development onto less than 25% of the overall parcel. This application proposes to developthe 5.4-acre"Lot 1" of the EVWHSin conjunctionwith wildlife enhancements and conservation on the 17.9-acre"TractA". The latterwill be one of the most significant wildlife enhancement projects in the history of the Town on private property. Booth Heights, in keeping with the purpose of the underlying Housing District, will be a mixture of rental and for-sale homes with more than 70% of the square footage built as Employee Housing Units(` EHUs")and 30% of the GRFA built as market-rate homes thatwill generate the financial subsidy needed to develop the neighborhood. To that end,Booth Heights proposes 73 total residences comprised of 42 EHU apartments, 19 EHU townhomes, and 12 market-rate townhomes spread across a total of 11 buildings. The apartments are all 830 square foot two- bedroom homes with surface parking. The townhomes will be a mix of two and threebedroom homes ranging in size from 1300 square feet to just under 2200 square feet with one car garages, driveways with two outdoorparking spaces inmost cases,and private outdoor space at the rear of most units Each new home will include ample storage, durable long-lasting and fire-resistant building materials such as cementitious siding and stucco,30-year asphalt shingle roofs, oversized low-e glazing windows, R40+insulation, energy star appliances, and long-cycle interior finishes. The apartments will have separate ground floor storage f orbikes and outdoor equipment that are so prevalent among Vail residents. There will also bean outdoor community picnic and barbeque area and low maintenance and low water landscaping. This development application includes all all civil drawings, architectural drawings, landscape plan, and consultant's reports required for approval by the TOV Town Code. The proposed development plan requires no variances from the development standards prescribed by the Housing Zone District. Building height and density(including GRFA)are prescribed by the Planning and Environmental Commission. The Housing Zone District allows parking to vary from the typical parking requirements with a parking management plan. Existing Conditions The Housing parcel is triangular in shape beginning at a point at the west and grows increasingly deeper to the east The site is more than 1200 feetwide and 380 feetdeep at the east side of the property. The site generally slopes fromback to front with the natural grade lower and closer to grade of the N. Frontage Road to the west, gaining elevation above the N. Frontage Road as the site moves to the east. The natural grade of the site is less steep and better accommodates development along its southern boundary. The site is the last significant undeveloped Housing parcel in the TOV. There is a relatively young aspen forest across most of the site,and while this private property is included in Colorado Parks and Wildlife's bighornsheep and elk winterrange area, the aspen forest and proximity to N. Frontage Road severely limits the use of the site by either species according to the consultants' reports included with this application. All required utilities are nearby in the adj a cent right-of-w ay and the applicant has confirmed that each utility has adequate capacity to serve the development. The development will be required to bring water rights to ERWSD and the applicant has these water rights under contract from Vail Resorts. Surrounded by TOV property to the west,USFS property to the north,CDOT right-of-way to the south and the applicant's NAP property to the west,there are no contiguous neighbors thatwill be negatively impacted by the development. The right of way in the front of the property includes a substantial cut slope and setback of between46 to 90 feetfrom the property line to the N. Frontage Road pavement. Detailed Zoning Analysis The Housing District is intended to provide housing development opportunities in the Town of Vail. Due the nature and varying characteristics of employee housing, a housing-oriented zone district was specifically developed and adopted in the TOV Zoning Regulations. The stated intent of the Housing District is to ensure that employee housing is appropriately located and designed to meet the needs of Vail residents, to harmonize with surrounding uses,and to ensure adequate light,air and open spaces. The district has a limitednumberof prescribed requirements that are discussed below. The proposed development plan meets or exceeds all of these prescribed requirements. It should be noted that the analysis is basedupon the 5.4-acre housing parcel and does not include the 17-acre open space parcel. Permitted, Conditional &Accessory Uses The proposed development program forBooth Heights is outlined in the below table. Total Units # Units LivableSF Garage SF Livable SF EHU - Downhill TH A - 2BR 8 1,300 286 10,400 EHU - Downhill TH B - 3BR 7 1,600 286 11,200 EHU - UphillTH A - 2BR 2 1,300 275 2,600 EHU - UphillTH B - 3BR 2 2,000 275 4,000 DU - TH B - 3BR 6 1,975 365 11,850 DU - TH A - 3BR 6 2,170 390 13,020 Total For-SaleTownhomes 31 53,070 EHU - Multifamily- 2BR 42 830 - 34,860 Total DevelopmentProgram 73 87,930 % Livable SquareFootage as EHU 71.7% With more than 70% of the proposedlivable square footage and GRFA at Booth Heights intended as EHUs, the primary useproposedfor theneighborhood is the Permitted Use intended in the Housing District. For the market rate Dwelling Units proposed in the neighborhood, the applicant is applying f or a Conditional Use Permit from the Planning and Environmental Commission as discussed in the Housing District criteria. These Dwelling Units provide the only meaningful financial return in the development of the neighborhood. They will comprise less than 30% of the total GRFA of the neighborhood and will be built concurrent with the construction of E HUs in the proportion allowedby Code. With similar scale buildings, unit sizes and architecture, the Dwelling Units have been designed to be compatible with the mixed-residential neighborhood that will serve a variety of residents. The community amenities such as outdoor and indoor public gathering spaces,laundry and storage are Accessory Uses that are"customarily incidental and accessory" to the permitted EHUs as discussed in the Housing District criteria. Setbacks The required setback in the Housing District is twenty feet(20') from the perimeter of the zone district. All buildings and structures proposed in the plan meet or exceed this setback requirement in all areas. Site Coverage The Housing District allows fora maximum site coverage of 55% of the total site area. The proposed site coverage forBooth Heights is only 38,478 square feetor just 16.4% of the 5.4-acre Housing parcel as shown on the"Site Coverage Plan"sheet of the application. Landscaping and Site Development The Housing District requires at least 30% of the total site area to be landscaped. The proposed plan forBooth Heights includes landscape areas totaling 136,583 square feetor 58.1% of the 5.4- acre Housing parcel. Snow Storage The Parking Standards of the Town Code require a minimum functional area f orsnow storage equaling at least 30% of the total paved area of the site f orunheated drives. The total hardscape area of the proposed development plan equals 57,950 square feet and the plan includes more than 22,550 square f eetof usable snow storage, or more than 39% of the totalpaved area,as shown on the"Snow Storage Diagram" of the application Other Development Standards The development standards of the Housing District for lot area,site dimensions, building height, and density control shall be as proposedby the applicant and approved by the Planning Commission based on the Criteria forEvaluation that are discussed below. - Lot Area and Site Dimensions —The applicant proposedto develop the 5.4-acre Housing Parcel as demonstrated on the site development plans. After the Development Application is approved, the applicant intends to subdivide the parcel to create one parcel forthe multifamily buildings, and one parcel for the townhome community which will be governed by a Home Owner Association and further subdivided into individual parcels foreach townhouse (as generally shown on drawing C3.1). These subdivisions will be completed pursuant to the requirements of the Town Code. - Building Height—The proposed townhome buildings are two-and a-half stories and the proposed multifamily buildings are three and a-half stories, with the half-stories of each building built into the grade of the site. The buildings range in height from 35.5 feet to 51.66 feet. See the`Building Height" sheet of the Application for the calculation of building height f or each building. - Density Control—The proposed density forBooth Heights neighborhood is 73 total units with 42 multifamily homes in three buildings, and 31 townhomes in eight buildings. The total GRFA for the neighborhood is 77,327 square feetas shown on the"Site Plan"sheet in the architectural package. If one considers the EHUs as counting towards density/units per acre(in most zone districts they do not)the overall density of the site is 13.5 units per acre. It would be more in keeping with the Zoning Regulations to exclude the EHUs and therefore the resulting density is 2.22 units per acre. EmployeeHousing Credits The applicant will utilize Sections 12-23-7 and 12-24-7 of the Vail Town Code"Mitigation Bank"for deed restricted EHUs constructed on the property. As proposed, the application will generate 63,360 square feetof transferable EHUhousing credits in a total of 61 EHUunits as shown on the application. The project will not create any EmployeeHousing Credits on the proposed market rate units. Parking Counts, Loading and Parking Management Plan The Housing District, in recognition of the unique nature and characteristics of the employee housing, allows f or a reduction in the parking requirements outlined in Chapter 10 of the Zoning Regulations, at the discretion of the Planning and Environmental Commission pursuant to Section 12-6I-8. This reduction is based on a demonstrated need for fewer parking spaces than required by the Zoning Regulations and is subject to a Parking Management Plan. According to the requirements of the Housing District, two of the demonstrated needs f or a reduction in parking may include 1) proximity or availability of alternative modes of transportation including public transit and2) limitation placed in the deed restrictions limiting the number of cars foreach unit. The applicant understands that the development of the E astVail Workforce Housing Subdivision must be a fully functional project and that the parking provided must be appropriate forits target residents. Given theproject's in-town location and proximity to public transit and walkable access to amenities such as outdoor recreation and Sims Market, the design of the project includes a parking count that the applicant believes will adequately meet the needs of residents, while at the same time minimizing the needs f oroverly generous parking lots thatnegatively impact the overall site plan and opportunities for open space utilized by wildlife. The wildlife design recommendations also recommend reducing the footprint of parking to reduce impacts to wildlife (see review criteria below). The parking standards of the Zoning Regulations area generalist set of standards that prescribe parking by the location and size of development. Parking at locations outside of the Town's Vail and Lionshead Villages fall under a requirement known as Parking Schedule B, which calls f or2 spaces per unit f ormultifamily units between 500 and 2,000 GRFA f eetand 2.5 spaces per unit for multifamily units greater than 2,000 GRFA feet. This standard is applied across the board, regardless of the numberof bedrooms, and irrespective of location, proximity to transit or walkability to community services. These parking requirements also do not consider the rapidly changing nature of transit and movement towards public and shared transportation, nor do they recognize TOV's recent efforts to encouraging the use of public transit and minimize the number of parking spaces thatneed to be constructed in the Town core. The proposed developmentplan would generate a parking need as outlined by Parking Schedule B as outlined in the table below. This table also includes the parking totals as proposed by the applicant as represented on the"Parking Diagram" sheet included in the application: TOV Code TOV Code Parking Units Units GRFA Pkg/Unit Parking Proposed EHU- Downhill TH A - 2BR 7 1,300 2.0 14.0 EHU- Downhill TH B - 3BR 8 1,600 2.0 16.0 EHU-Uphi11TH A - 2BR 2 1,300 2.0 4.0 EHU-Uphi11TH B - 3BR 2 2,000 2.0 4.0 DU -TH B - 3BR 6 1,975 2.0 12.0 DU -TH A - 3BR 6 2,170 2.5 15.0 Townhouse Total 31 65.0 94 EHU- Multifamily - 2BR 42 835 2.0 84.0 ApartmentTotal 42 84.0 45 Total 73 149.0 139 Overall the parking provided onsite equates to 1.9 parking spaces per unit or a reduction of 10 parking spaces from code. Further detail on the parking reduction is provided below. In preparing this proposed development plan,the applicant has considered each of the proposed housing types separately. While the for-sale homes have been designed to accommodate the parking needs of permanent residents with adequate resident and guest parking on each home's private property, the parking need for the rental apartment units has been based on the needs of the target residents who will live and work in the Town of Vail with jobs that are accessible by public transportation. Most for-sale townhomes have three parking spaces on private property owned by the residents with one garage space and two outdoorparking spaces per unit. There are also three additional guest parking spaces at the east end of the development. There is a total of 94 parking spots compared to the TOV code need for65 parking spaces for the townhome portion of the development. The parking plan for the rental multifamily units includes 45 parking spaces for the 42 units. This equates to 1.1 parking space per home and allows every household to have a car. It also will ensure thatresidents are a self-selecting group whose lifestyle meets the Town's goals for using public transit. Also,because the multiple family units will be rental units, the management of the facility has the ability to restrict parking by leases just as TOV currently does in its leases for other Town-owned workforce housing. Management can price parking to help regulate demand versus a condominium where there is less control over parking for individual units. This parking count is supported by the`E astVail Residential Parking Analysis" letter from transportation consultant McDowell Engineering, LLC which includes information on typical parking demands from apartment communities throughout the country, as well as actual parking counts from the Timber Ridge and Lions Ridge community (See Exhibitl). This analysis indicates that a parking demand f orrental multiple family units in Vail is consistent with what is proposed at 1.1 units per unit. One of the greatbenefits to building housing at the E VWHS is its proximity to the regular public transit on the North Frontage Road. Not only does the project have immediate adjacency to the existing Falls at Vail bus stop,but also proposes to build a new bus stop. In addition, the apartment buildings will include adequate indoor and outdoor storage forbikes. To accommodate and control this parking count,the applicant will implement a Parking Management Plan for the multifamily portion of the development that includes the following specific requirements. - All parking spaces will be numbered and assigned as a dedicated parking space as part of the lease f or each unit - Management will structure leases such that residents will know who is allowedto have a car onsite. - Residents allowedto have a car will be required to register theirvehicles and parking permits will be required to be prominently displayed in each vehiclq - Leases will include prohibitions on parking in both assigned parking spaces and guest parking, and will include penalties and towing f orviolations; and - The property manager will oversee enforcement and facilitate these parking controls. The applicant also recognizes that this parking management solution may limit the pool of potential renters to households with only one car whose lives are conducive to Vail public transit, and in-turn the amountof rent that can be charged. Said simply,the applicant believes and has documented that the proposed parking count strikes a careful balance between the practical needs of its intended residents, especially in light of the changing and decreasing needs forparking that are fast taking hold. Booth Heights is an example of a project that-by virtue of its location, its target demographic, and high quality TOV transit system- can fully function with a reduced parking count. Compliance with the Development Plan Standards and Approval Criteria Because of the nature and characteristics of deed-restricted housing that make development difficult underprescribed development standards, the Housing District was created by TOV to provide adequate sites fordeed restricted residential development. To ensure harmonious development that is in keeping with the Town's development objectives, an applicant may propose development standards, as depicted on a Development Plan,for approval by the Town's Planning & Environmental Commission. According to Section 12-6I-13 of the Zoning Regulations, it shall be the burden of the applicant to demonstrate that the proposed development complies with the six Design Criteria discussed below. Given the environmental focus of the development, we have presented these criteria in a customized orderto emphasize the role that the Environmental Criteria have played in guiding the proposed plan. Design Criteria E-Environmental impacts resulting from theproposalhave been identified in theproject's environmentalimpactreport, ifnot waived, and allnecessary mitigating measures are implementedas a part of thepr op oseddevelopm ent plan. Applicants Response: Recognizing the importance of the environmental concerns about the EVWHK the applicant has commissioned one of the most substantial Environmental Impact Reports ever submitted fora development in TOV. Western Ecological Resource's ("WER")report is included as an attachment to this application (See Exhibit2). The mitigation plans presented in this application identify all the environmental impacts of the project and the substantial efforts the applicant will undertake to ensure that the development not only protects surrounding wildlife habitat, but also provides one of the most substantial wildlife enhancement projects ever proposed on private property in TOV to create a net increase in quality winterrangeforwildlife. Design Criteria.- Prior to Triumph's involvement in the property, Rick Thompson,a biologist with West Ecosystems, Inc. ("WE S")was engaged by Vail Resorts to understand the use of the parcel and surrounding properties by wildlife. As part of this engagement, WE S prepared a list of design recommendations that would minimize the impact of development on wildlife. These design recommendations have been fundamental in the creation of the proposedplan. A description of these criteria is included in Section 6.0 of the WE S's Wildlife Mitigation Plan(See Exhibit3) and include the following recommendations: 1. Consolidate the development's impacted area at the front of the parcel and maximize the remaining open space. This includes minimizing parking lots and community open spaces. a. Parking lots,building footprints, and community open spaces have been minimized. 2. Place vehicular access at the west of the site. a. The access to the site is located on the west end of the site. 3. Utilize existing vegetation to the rear, west and front of the parcel as a visual buffer betweenthe development and surrounding wildlife. a. The proposed developed areas of the site are all screened by moderately dense aspen forest on USFS property at the rear of the site. 4. Create a physical barrier between human occupied space and the surrounding wildlife. a. The proposed rock fall protection barrier and wildlife fencing at the rear of the site will create this separation. 5. Maintain east-west access across the rear of the property forwildlife. a. The uphill portion of the rock fall berm,including a clear relatively flat area in front of the berm,will provide this path. 6. Maintain grazing access to the right-of-way in front of the parcel that is occasionally used by bighorn sheep. a. The applicant is not proposing to place any substantial retaining walls or building structures on this western end of the property to allow wildlife continued access through the right-of-way. 7. Minimize outdoor recreation spaces visible from the surrounding open space/winter range a. The proposed central picnic and barbeque area has been kept to the center of the development to minimize external impacts. Units will not have any private outdoor space facing north and west above the ground level that will be visible to wildlife. Ground level open space will be screened from the surrounding property by a berm and surrounding aspen forests. 8. Create a series of restrictions on residents to minimize their offsite impacts. a. These restrictions are proposed and are discussed in detail in Section 8 of the Wildlife Mitigation Plan and outlined below. The proposed development plan has taken each of these design guidelines into accountand the applicant is committed to making these requirements a componentof the approvals for the ongoing protection of the surrounding wildlife. In addition to these design criteria, the applicant is also proposing one of the most substantial wildlife enhancements on private property ever undertaken in TOV as outlined in Section 8.1 of the WE S's Wildlife Mitigation Plan. Before explaining the details of this enhancement plan, please note that although the 23-acre EVWHS is part of the bighorn sheep 1800-acrewinter range,the entire parcel is not high-quality winter range f or grazing due to a young,encroaching aspen forest that includes living and fallen "jackstrawed" trees that big horn sheep avoid by their nature. As part of this development application, the applicant will clear and enhance 14.6 acres of the NAP parcel to create quality winterrange In addition to this clearing, the applicant will fertilize and cutback the over-mature shrubs that have grown out of the browse range of bighorn sheep to improve the quality and quantity of winter forage. The applicant will also clear and reseed approximately 0.3 acres at the rear of the Housing Parcel f or additional forage. In total, 18.2 acres or 78% of the entire EVWHS is being set aside foropen space and wildlife, and 14.6 acres of quality winterrange will be created on private property that is currently inaccessible and underutilized today. This new land set aside and enhanced forwildlife exceeds the five acres of impacted development area by nearlya 3:1 ratio. The development will commit to keeping this privately-owned property clear of aspens forquality winterrange today and into the future. Ongoing Wildlife Protection Criteria: The last componentof our plan to protectwildlife is the Wildlife Mitigation Plan that includes various measures thatwillbe put in place 1) during construction (Section 8.2 of the WE S's Wildlife Mitigation Plan), and 2) as permanent restrictions placed on the residents of the community (Section 8.3 of the WE S's Wildlife Mitigation Plan). The applicant proposes to make these commitments a formalized componentof the project's entitlements. Ongoing Wildlife Protection Criteria - Construction During construction, commitments include 1) only performing all significant clearing and mass excavation of the site fromApril 15"through November 30"; 2)the construction of a physical barrier—either the permanent wildlife and rock fall barrier, or a substantial impervious construction fence—prior to the bighornwinterrangeperiod; and 3) clearing and enhancement to the NAP parcel complete before the first winterof construction to create more,quality winter rangeprior to the first winter thatwildlife will be impacted by development activity. Ongoing Wildlife Protection Criteria—Permanent Residents The permanent restrictions on residents include no community gardens,restrictions on pets, significant restrictions on dogs in the community, combinedwith educational programs to inform residents of surrounding wildlife habitats and the prohibition of access to these areas. These restrictions are bolstered by a series of fines,reprimands for employees, and even eviction from the community for violations. The property's manager and Home Owners Association will be tasked with enforcing these fines forviolations, as well as work directly with the TOV to police trespassing onto TOV property to the west and the privately-ownedNAP parcel to the East These specific terms are discussed in Section 8 of Rick Thompson's Wildlife Mitigation Plan for the EVWHS. Wetlands: The final environmental item of note are two small identified wetlands on the development parcel— one an intermittent stream during springrunoffon the western edge of the site,and the other a small collecting area on the eastern edge of the site. Both are small enough in size that there likely will be no remediation required by the Army Corps of Engineers. The Applicant will confirm with the Army Corps that the impacted area is below the threshold f or separate mitigation, and if any mitigation is required, it will be done elsewhere on the EVWHSor within a mitigation bank,as required by the Army Corps. The Wetlands Delineation Reportby Birch Ecology,LLC is included as an attachment to this report(see Exhibit4), and is further discussed in the Environmental Impact Report. This applicant's commitment to wildlife protection is a fundamental driverf ormany elements of the proposed plan. Each of these wildlife commitments will be incorporated into the Conditions of Approval for the Development Plan. Design Criteria B-Buildings, improvements, uses and activities are designed and locatedto produce a functional development plan responsive to the site, the surrounding neighborhood and uses,and the communityas a whole. Applicant's Response: The applicant has prepared a functional development plan f orBooth Heights thatbalances the physical characteristics of the site,the surrounding open space of wildlife winterrange, and TOV's substantial need f orhousing. The details of sensitivity to wildlife are discussed above but from a development plan standpoint, the applicantwill enhance and set aside 17.9 acres of NAP f orpermanent wildlife protection and open space. All development has been condensed or consolidated onto less then 3.5 acres below the wildlife and rockfall berm to create 0.3 acres of additional open space at the rear of Housing parcel. This development area is the portion of the site with the least amount of natural grade. Pedestrian and vehicular access onto the site will be from the west to work with natural grade and as recommended by WE S's design guidelines. The proposed parking configuration, access to buildings, site amenities, and public transportation will meet ADA requirements, as well as emergency access and staging. The applicant has met with the Vail Fire Department on four occasions and modified the site plan to account for the Fire Department's requirements. The functional site plan includes adequate parking for the apartment units at slightly more than a 1:1 ratio,as well as one garage space and two driveway parking spaces at most townhome units. Retaining walls have been kept to a minimum and almost all will be built with boulders that will be gathered onsite. In a fewselect locations above the parking lot at the trash dumpster forthe apartment buildings, an MSE wall thatresembles natural stone(similar to those built at Solar Vail and the new West Vail Truck Chainup)will bebuilt Eachretaining wall is 6 f eetin height or less. A substantial earthen berm has been locatedat the rear of the development to providea visual and physical separation between the new development and the surrounding wildlife habitat as well as provide f orrockfall mitigation. At the west end of the berm,this barrier will transition to a landscape buffer. This berm and landscaping will be augmented by a wildlife fence that includes jump ramps to allow wildlife to exit the site, and pr event residents from accessing the USFS property at the rear of the parcel This sy stem along with signage, is designed to keep residents of fthe nearby critical wildlife habitat. As the EVWHS is located in a rockfall hazard risk area as mapped by TOV, this berm will be designed to match the berm that is located above Katsos Ranch Road and Booth Falls Court The rockfall hazard condition for the Booth Heights development is much less severe than the conditions immediately to the west According to the Cesare,Inc.'s rockfall studies commissioned by the applicant, the design criteria for the 12-f ootberm protecting the neighborhood to the west used a 7-footrock that would produces 6,800 kilojoules of energy as the basis fordesign. Due to less severe slopes and further distance from the cliffs above,the studied condition at Booth Heights would only produce a 3,160 kilojoules of energy from a larger 10-footboulder. Nevertheless, the applicant is proposing to match the 12-footberm above the entire length of the property where buildings are located. Seethe details of this study in the Geological Hazard Analysis Reportprepared by Cesare, Inc(see Exhibit5). All buildings have an efficient and functional layout. The three small apartment buildings, each with 14 two-bedroom units, are sitedto workwithnatural grade and include a garden level apartment with storage, laundry and indoor community space on the basement level These slightly taller buildings have been located on the lower,western end of the sites o that the rooflines are in scale with the rest of the neighborhood. A community outdoor space and barbeque area has been located next to these apartments to give the residents an outdoorplace to gather and share a meal. The townhomes have been located on the eastern end of the site where natural grade lifts the site as much as 50 feetabovethe frontage road and I-70. The 31 townhomes in eightbuildings flank both sides of a cul-de-sac street. No building has more than four units to keep the massing of the buildings at a human scale. All townhomes have adequate parking for the residents and guests with three total parking spaces at the vast majorityof units—one in a garage and two in the driveway— as well as adequate room for landscaping islands that are somewhat rare in Vail's townhome communities. These generous building setbacks and front yards with adequate parking will help create an attractive streetwith a neighborhood's sense of community. Eachof the townhomes will have private outdoor space at grade at the rear of the home. Eachtownhome will have a private deck on the downhill side of each home(facing away from the surrounding wildlife habitat), embracing the 180 degree up- and down-valley views. The proposed development plan is a functional development plan that looks to create a meaningful housing neighborhood thatwill serve a variety of residents —both renters and homeowners. There are no negative impacts to the surrounding neighborhood,not only because there are no contiguous neighbors,but also because the applicant is setting aside more than 78% of the site foropen space and use by wildlife. No views of other properties will be blocked, and the views of the Booth Creek cliffs and ridges will not be impacted frompublic roads With substantial open space dedications and wildlife enhancement, a development layout that is responsive to the site and minimizes its impacted area,and a development program that includes a meaningful numberof new units, the applicant believes and has documented that Booth Heights is a model forresponsible development on private property. Design Criteria A -Building design with respect to architecture, character, scale, massing and orientation is compatible with the site, adjacent properties and surrounding neighborhood Applicants Response: Due to the unique nature and challenges of building housing in TOV,the Housing District does not include traditional development limitations and offers the applicant the flexibility to develop the proposed combination of housing types. The building layouts are responsive to the site and surrounding topography. The site is not challenged with needing to relate to any immediate neighbors. This said,Booth Heights will be a mix of housing types that are prevalent through EastVail including both walkup multifamily buildings and townhomes. The conscientious decisionto concentrate the density into a small footprint and leave substantial open space leads has driven the proposed density of 13.5 units per acre on the Housing parcel and 3.1 units per acre considering the entire E VWHS It shouldbe noted that in most zone districts EHUs are not countedtowards density and in thatcase the density of the Housing parcel wouldbe 2.22 units per acre or 0.52 units per acre considering the entire EVWHSparcels. Buildings have been spr ea d throughout the site with generous setbacks and open space to provide a human scale that matches or even improves upon the experience of similar townhome neighborhoods throughout EastVail.Set in the context of the surrounding 600-foot tall Booth Creek cliffs locatedabovethe site, the proposedthree and four-story buildings are in context with the geography. Buildings are responsive to natural grade and are built into the hillside with a garden level that daylights onto grade, and the second floorwalking out onto grade at the rear. Consistent with the wildlife design recommendations, the units only have private outdoorspace on the ground level and on decks above the ground level that face south The architecture is mountain modern including traditional forms characteristic of Vail, combined with clean lines and architecture. This architecture and material pallet honors but improves upon the vast majority of multifamily residential inventory throughout EastVail and is similar to the Chamonix Vail locals housing project recently built in the Town. The primary facades are proposed with a mix of stuccq cementitious siding that resembles natural wood, and wood trim to incorporate the new fire-resistant design recommendations of the fire department, as well as long-term durability. These materials are mixed horizontally and vertically to breakup the massing of the buildings, and this variation is complimented with adjustments to the size of windows. Roofs are pitched with asphalt shingles and match other residential development in EastVail. The rooflines of each building step to avoid one continuous roofline. The multifamily units have been broken up into three different 14-unit buildings to match the scale of the neighboring townhomes. The buildings include varying roof lines and walkup breezeways that further break the massing of the buildings. The townhomes are a combination of two- and three-b edroom units to provide a variety of housing with several different price points that were so popular at Chamonix. This mix of units provides opportunities fora variation in the roof lines and inmost buildings, especially the front from of buildings that will be most prominently viewed from theN. Frontage Road and I-70. The scale of all buildings matches or even improves upon the design and architecture of many of the existing development throughout east vail with no more than 4 units per townhome building, and multifamily buildings of a similar scale. No building exceeds the four stories of occupied space established at other residential projects such as the Pitkin Creek Townhomes to the east. With no contiguous neighbors, the Booth Heights development plan is an opportunity fora rare, locals housing project on the last remaining Housing parcel in TOV. Because of its unique location this meaningful housing project can be built withoutnegatively affecting neighbors. The applicant believes that this type of multifamily housing was contemplated when the development potential of the EV WHSwas concentrated onto less than 25% of the overall original parcel at the rezoning. With mountain modern architecture that borrows fromVail's architectural traditions and the material pallet seen throughout EastVail,massing that is spread between eleven buildings, substantial setbacks from the street, as well as an appropriate relationship to the surrounding topography—the Booth Heights plans meets the Housing District requirements forarchitecture, character, scale,massing and orientation that is compatible with the site and neighborhood. Design Criteria C- Open space and landscaping are both functional and aesthetic, are designedto preserve and enhance the naturalfeatures of the site, maximize opportunities for accessand use by thepublic,provide adequate buffering between theproposeduses and surrounding properties, and when possible, are integrated with existing open space and recreation areas. Applicants Response: The Proposed site plan has been prepared to preserve and enhancing substantial open space and with mitigation efforts to return it to suitable winter range for wildlife. In total,18.2 acres or more than78% of the EVWHSis set aside f oropen space and wildlife. While development impacts have been concentrated into a small footprint,the landscape plan f or the developed portion of Booth Heights is both functional and aesthetic. The intentof the landscape design is to have more manicured planting beds adjacentto the buildings, in parking landscape islands, and at the central public gathering and picnic area. Away from these areas the landscaping will be more native in nature. All landscaping will include regionally appropriate species selected to minimize the need forwatering. This design approach not only integrates well with the surrounding natural areas, but also reduces the use of natural resources such as water. Trees have been located away from structures as recommended by the Fire Department. Most retaining walls are proposed to be builtwith native boulders, which will be harvested onsite. Ina few select areas, the grading plan requires an MSE wall Both of these types of walls will be steppedto create opportunities f orboth formal and informal planting at each level. An earthen berm has been located along the rear of the site to create a physical and visual buffer between the human space and wildlife. A clear corridor on the north side of this berm will allow for wildlife movement east to west across the site. This physical barrier separating human occupied space from open space will be complimented at the west entrywith landscaping and trees,and on the east side of the site with the steep natural grade. The plan includes planting this berm with native grasses and aspen seedlings on the downhill portion of the berm. The central feature of the landscape plan is an outdoor gathering space for the entire community including barbeques, picnic areas, fire pit, and pergola. The location of this functional, centralized outdoor space was derived from the WES's design guidelines. We are also proposing to find creative ways to utilize the fire department staging and turnaround areas forresident recreation—with a community patio next to the picnic area at one location and a basketball hoop at the other. All site amenities will be fixed to the groundto prevent them from beingmoved into these fire department staging areas. The landscaping at each of the townhome units will including planting beds at the front of the townhome buildings between driveways. The rear of each home will include private open space that includes a small patio and plantings. The applicant is also proposing a fence that would be approved as part of the Design Review process that could be building by residents who own a dog to create privately owned outdoor space that would be one of the only areas of the development for the animal to go outside— furtheiprotecting the surrounding wildlife habitat. By design, the project does not proposeto connect to the informal trails immediately adjacentto the site to minimize impacts to the surrounding wildlife habitat. Likewise, while the site plan is open and inviting to the residents and public,it is not designed to help the residents and public recreate off-site due to the surrounding wildlife areas. The combination of significant natural landscaping, limited but attractive manicured landscaped areas, community focused outdoor gathering and recreating areas, and substantial enhanced open space make the Booth Heights landscape plan both aesthetic and functional. Substantial buffering to the rear, east and west of the site will discourage unwanted interaction with the open space and wildlife. Design Criteria D-A pedestrian and vehicular circulation system designedto provide safe, efficient and aesthetically pleasing circulation to the site and throughoutthe development. Applicant Response: A safe, efficient and aesthetically pleasing circulation systemthat integrates and improves the E astVail public transportation systemhas been designed for the Booth Heights community. With direct access offthe N. Frontage Road and immediate proximity to I-70, Booth Heights will cause minimal impact to EastVail's neighborhood streets. The accompanying Transportation Impact Studyby McDowell Engineering, LLC shows the relatively light traffic on the Frontage Road(see Exhibit6). The development will only generate 290 total trips (145 outgoing and 145 incoming), with only 17 additional peak-hour morning trips and 24 peak-hour evening trips, daily. There is no need for any lane improvements or widening. The vehicular and main pedestrian site access is from the west so as to work with the natural grade. This location allows a gradually sloping driveway that meets the Town's design standards and provides ADA access to the bus stop. It also is the only spot that natural grade would accommodate a 90-degree driveway entrance at the N. Frontage Road as required by CDOT. The driveway and parking lot is designed to fully comply with the TOV design standards (i.e. width drainage, site disturbance, turning movements, etc.)including emergency access. Due to the substantial length of the driveway, the drive aisle has been oversized to 26 feetto ensure adequate circulation in the event an emergency vehicle is parked in this drive aisle. There are also three fire truck turnaround and staging areas at the request of the Fire Department. Proximity to the E astVail Bus Route is one of the most advantageous aspects of the locationof EVWHS for locals housing. With direct access to TOV's public transit system, Booth Heights will caterto residents whose lives are Vail-centric. Recognizing this fact, the applicant is proposing to construct a new bus stop at the west end of the site directly adjacentto the proposed driveway. The proposed design of this new bus stop is a compromise thatbalances the need fornew transit with the desire to maintain wildlife access to the grazing area in front of the site as suggested in the wildlife design recommendation #6 above TOV Public Works has suggested a desire for new full-movementbus stop that would permit buses to make a 360-degree movement at the stop that would need to be approximately 50 feet deep. This turnaround would allow a dedicated express bus to service the site if TOV determined that this level of service is preferred. While the applicant understands the operational considerations of Public Works, the wildlife design criteria directus to preserve wildlife access to and through the right of way in front of the site. Rather than a substantial bus stop,the applicant is proposing to construct a new bus pull of f on both sides of the streetat the bus stop thatwill allow the bus to pull out of the main travel lanes. The bus stop will include a standard TOV bus shelterto serve for those waiting to commute into town, as well as a crosswalk that will allow westbound passengers to safely cross the N. Frontage Road This stop is similar to almost all the bus stops on the EastVailbus route. Public Works also recommended a new pedestrian trail through this right-of-way at the front of the site. As there is not a trail or sidewalk to the west for almost halfmile, this trail would only provide connectivity to the Falls at Vail bus stop. While we are not proposing to build this trail for the same wildlife reasons discussed above instead we are proposing to build landscape steps forresident leaving the site both to the west and to the east. With the above access and parking configuration, as well as the proposedpublic transportation improvements, the development plan provides a pedestrian and vehicular circulation system designed to provide safe, efficient and aesthetically pleasing circulation to the site and throughout the development. Design Criteria F- Compliance with the V ailcomprehensive plan and other applicableplans The Applicant believes that the proposal is consistent with the following provisions of the Vail 20/20 Strategic Action Plan,Vail Land Use Plan,2009 Environmental Sustainability Strategic Plan,Vail Housing 2027 Plan,and 2018 Open Lands Plan Update: Vail 20/20 Focus on the Future— Strategic Action Plan: The Vail 20/20 Strategic Action Plan is a visioning document that begins with a set of values that outline what is truly important to the community. The plan then details land use and development, parks and recreation, environment, housing, transportation, economy,community and public safety topics,including specific vision statements, long-term goals,and actions and strategies over the next 5 years to achieve those goals. LAND USE Goal#2:Land use and development decisions willaddress environmental sustainahility as a priority of the community. • W orkwithpuhlic and non-profit partners to ensure that environmental issues within the town and region are being addressed. • Educate developers and applicants on how to incorporate environmental sustainahility into projects. Goal#4:Provide for enough deed-restricted housing for at least30 percent of the workforce through policies,regulations and publicly initiated development. • Address the zoning regulations to provide more incentives for developers huildemployee housing units. ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY Goal#2:Energy Management in Buildings and Transportation: Reduce the town's 2007 baseline green house gas emissions. • Support employee housing initiatives in order to reduce trips into Vail. Goal#3:Ecosystem: Improve the health and diversity of theforest and mountain ecosystem while recognizing the interdependence of the wildlandurhan interface (WUI) corridor within Vail. • W orkwith non profit organizations and the Colorado Department of Wildlife to improve wildlife conditions. HOUSING Goal: The Town of Vail recognizes the needfor housing as infrastructure thatpromotes community,reduces transit needs and keeps more employees living in the town, and will provide for enough deed-restricted housing for at least 30 percentof the workforce through policies,regulations and publicly initiateddevelopment. • Conduct inventory of all sites with development potential and pursue opportunities for acquiring undevelopedor underdeveloped properties. • Update the Vail Land Use Plan and identify more areasfor employee housing. ECONOMY Goal#3:Maintain a town-wide workforce in which at least30 percent of peoplewho workin Vail also live in Vail. • Support the local economy by working with the business community to address future workforce housing needs as they relate to business in Vail. V ai&and Use Plan The Land Use Plan is not intended to be regulatory in nature but is intended to provide a general framework to guide decisionmaking. The following goals and objectives support this proposal: Chapter II-Land Use Plan Goals/Policies (in part) 1. GenerralGrrowth/Development I.I Vail should continue to grow in a controlled environment, maintaining a balance between residential, commercial and recreational uses to serve both the visitor and the permanent resident. I.2.T he quality of the environment includ ingair,water and other natural resources should be pro tectedas the Town grows. 1.6. Development proposals on the hillsides should be evaluated on a case by case basis. Limiteddevelopment may be permittedfor some low intensity uses in areas that are not highly visible from the Valley floor. Newprojects should be carefully controlledand developedwith sensitivity to the environment. 1.12 Vail should accommodate most of the additional growth in existing developed areas (infill areas). 5.Residential 5.3. Affordable employee housingshouldbe made available through private efforts, assistedby limitedincentives,providedby the Town of Vail, with appropriate restrictions. 5.4. Residential growth should keeppace with the marketplace demands for a full range of housing types. S.S. The existing employee housing base should be preservedand upgraded. Additional employee housing needsshouldbe accommodatedat variedsites throughout the community. V ailHousinz 2027—A Strategic Plan for Maintaininz and Sustaininocommunity throu,ah the Creation and SuyyortofResident Housinz in Vail Ten Year Goal: "The Town of Vail will acquire I,000 additional resident housing unit deedrestrictions by the year 2027." Vision: We envision Vail as a diverse, resilient, inclusive, vibrantand sustainable mountain resort community whereyear round residents are afforded the opportunity to live and thrive.We take a holistic approach to maintaining community,with continuous improvement to our social,environmental, and economic well being. We create housing solutions by recognizing and capitalizing on our uniquepositionas North America's premier international mountain resort community in order to provide the highestquality of service to our guests,attract citizens of excellence and foster their ability to live,work, and play in Vail throughout their lives. Our strategic solutions and actions result in the retention of existing homes, creation of new and diverse housing infrastructure, and collaboration with communitypartners. For Vail, no problem is insurmountable. With a consistent, community-driven purpose and an entrepreneurial spirit, Vail will leadthe industry in innovative housing solutions for the 2lst century.The Town is wellpositionedfinancially to undertake this significant challenge. Mission: Maintaining and SustainingCommunity "We create,provide, and retain high quality, affordahle, and diverse housing opportunities for Vail residents to support sustainable year round economy and build a vibrant,inclusive and resilient community. We do this through acquiring deed restrictions on homes so that our residents have a place to live in Vail. " Policy Statement-Resident Housing as Infrastructure "We acknowledge that the acquisition of deedrestrictions on homes for Vail residents is critical to maintainingcommunity.Therefore, we ensure an adequate supply and availability of homes for residents and recognize housing as infrastructure in the Town of Vail; a community support system not unlike roads,bridges, waterand sewersystems, fire,police,and other services of the municipalgovernment. " 2009Environmental Sustainability Strategic Plan The purpose of this plan is to define a strategy thatconsists of measurable goals,objectives, and actions that will help the Town coordinate efforts to achieve the environmental vision of the community. Goal#2—Energy Efficiency: Reduce the Town of Vail municipal and community energy use by 20%helow20061evels by 2020, in order to effectively reduce the Town's contribution to greenhouse gas emissions and impact on glohalclimate change. Goal#3—Ecosystem Health: Ensure that the natural environment, specifically air and waterquality,waterquantity, land use and hahitatare maintainedto current or improvedlevels of biological health. Goal#6— Transportation —Reduce the environmental impact of transportation by supporting efforts within the Eagle Valley to decrease total Vehicle Miles Traveled(VMT) by commuters and guests by 20%by 2020. 2018 Open Lands Plan Update The entire 23-acreparcel is listedin the Action Plan of the document as parcel#23 and states the following: Purpose—Protect environmentally sensitive land from development and or mitigate development impacts on environmentally sensitive land. Action—Acquireparcel if not developedhy the landowner.Ifa development application is suhmittedand approved, workwith the landowner to establish a conservation easement on the approximate 17 acres of Natural Area Preservation property, and further mitigate for wildlife and other environmentally sensitive issues on the approximate 5 acres of developable property. Otherinformation —Ifthe land owner were to decide not to develop this land at their sole discretion, the Town should take steps to acquire the property or workwith the land owner to protect the landfrom development. This approximately 23 acreparcel is within highornsheep rangeand should he evaluatedfor hahitatand rockfall hazards.The parcelhad been incorrectly identified as unplattedopen space in the 1994 Open Lands Plan. During theprocess of updating thisplan, the land owner was confirmed, and appliedfor and receivedapproval for subdivision and rezoning of theparcelto approximately 17 acres Natural Area Preservation and approximately S acres Housing. Conditional Use Permit Dwelling units that are not deedrestricted are allowed by Conditional Use Permitin the Housing Zone District. In addition to the Conditional Use Criteria, there are four use specific criteria that must be evaluated by the Planning and Environmental Commission. Conditional Use Permit Criteria: 1. Relationship and impact of the use on development objectives of the town. Applicant Response: As detailed in the response to Design Criteria F above,the development of workforce housing is one of the top priorities and objectives of the Town. Allowing the 12 dwelling units without deed restrictions provides a subsidy to allow the development of the remaining 61 units of deed restricted workforce housing. While the number of unrestricted units is just 16% of the total number of dwelling units, the GRFA is 30% of the total GRFA. The proposal, as demonstrated in the sections above,clearly implements the Town's goals and objectives by balancing the need forworkforce housing with the mitigation of impacts to the environment. 2. Effect of the use on light and air,distribution of population, transportation facilities, utilities, schools,parks and recreation facilities, and other public facilities and public facilities needs. Applicant Response: As detailed in the responses above to the design criteria, the proposed 12 unrestricted dwelling units will have little additional impactto the issues listed in this criterion. The units are being developed at a density that allows ample separation of buildings to allow adequate light and air. The proposed location of the 12 dwelling units is within the eastern half of the Town and allows for adequate distribution of the population in the Town. The development will bring more ridership on buses allowing the Town's bus system to run more efficiently. The goal of the Town is to have more bus ridership and less cars requiring parking and otherwise impacting the environment. Utilities, schools,and park and recreation facilities within the Town and servicing the site have capacity to accommodate these 12 units. The proposal is consistent with this criterion and has limited impacts on the issues listed. 3. Effect upon traffic,with particular reference to congestion, automotive and pedestrian safety and convenience, traffic flow and control, access,maneuverability, and removal of snow from the streets and parking areas. Applicant Response: As detailed in the responses above to the design criteria, the proposed 12 unrestricted dwelling units will have little additional impactto the issues listed in this criterion. While the additional 12 dwelling units will generate minimal additional traffic, the North Frontage Road and I-70 have sufficient capacity to accommodate not only these 12 dwelling units but the entire project as evidenced in the Transportation Impact Study provided with this application. The site plan has been developed to allow for code compliant access and allows for adequate traffic flow and maneuverability. Code compliant snow storage areas have been provided onsiteso that snow storage is not impacting the street. Pedestrians paths and circulation have been provided throughout the property allowing formultiple routes foraccess to the street and transportation facilities. The proposal complies with this criterion. 4. Effect upon the character of the area in which the proposed use is to be located, including the scale and bulk of the proposeduse in relation to surrounding uses. Applicant Response: As detailed in the responses above to the design criteria, the proposed 12 unrestricted dwelling units will have little additional impactto the issues listed in this criterion. The property is zoned Housing Zone District thus anticipating the development of housing on the property. The overall density of the proposal, including the 12 unrestricted units, is 13.5 units per acre if you count EHUs as part of the density calculation. The density, which relates to bulk and scale is consistent with other multiple family developments in the EastVail area. The character of these 12 dwelling units, is consistent with the character of E astVail and compatible with the immediate topography. 5. Such other factors and criteria as the commission deems applicable to the proposed use. Applicant Response: The other factors and criteria that the commission must address are the specific criteria found in the Housing Zone District when considering the addition of unrestricted dwelling units as listedbelow: A. Dwelling units are created solely for the purpose of subsidizing employeehousing on the property, and Applicant Response: These 12 dwelling units are critical to the project and provide a subsidy that allows the project to be constructed. B. Dwelling units are not the primary use of the property. The GRFA for dwelling units shall not exceed thirtypercent(30%) of the total GRFA constructed on the property, and Applicant Response: These 12 dwelling units are not the primary use of the property and represent 16%to the total unit count and do not exceed 30% of the total GRFA on the property. C. Dwelling units are only created in conjunctionwith employee housing, and Applicant Response: These 12 dwelling units are being developed in conjunction and in proportion to the employee housing. D. Dwelling units are compatible with the proposeduses and buildings on the site and are compatible with buildings and uses on adja cent properties. Applicant Response: As evidenced from the proposed site plan and architectural drawings and as further described herein, these 12 dwelling units are compatible with the otherbuildings being proposed and with buildings anduses on adjacent properties. Applicant Rea uestof the Plannin!& Environmental Commission As the last undeveloped, sizeable Housing parcelin TOV,the EVWHSis the most meaningful local's housing opportunity within the Town of Vail today. With 73 new homes,the proposed Booth Heights community will accomplish more than 7% of TOV's 10-year housing goal as identified in the Vail Housing 2027 Strategic Plan. The project has been designed with sensitivity to wildlife as the fundamental driver in the plan and will include commitments to open space,wildlife enhancement, and ongoing protections forwildlife. Taken in conjunction with TOV's own ongoing wildlife enhancement in EastVail, the development serves as a model project to createmuch needed housing in an environmentally sensitive manner. In closing,the applicant believes that it has successfully demonstrated compliance withthe Development Standards and Criteria for Evaluation fordevelopment in the Housing district as illustrated on the proposedplans and through our response to the six design criteria above. Therefore, the applicant requests that the TOV Planning & Environmental Commission approve the development plan for the Booth Heights community. Owner Name Owner Address City State Zip Site Address Legal Summary Parcel Number 1 BALTZ FAMILY PARTNERS LTD PO BOX 754 GRAND LAKE CO 50447-0754 3756 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:6 2101-111-01-004 2 CHLOE HELD MORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3755 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:5 2101-111-01-003 3 CHLOE HELD MORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3797 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:4 2101-111-01-002 4 JOHN BUCKLEY&PATRICIA BROWN 123 SANDALWOOD WAY HIGHLANDS RANCH CO 50126-5606 3507 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3A 2101-111-01-024 5 JOHN F.SCHAPPERLE JR LIVING TRUST-ETAL 3517 LUPINE DR VAIL CO 51657 3517 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3B 2101-111-01-025 6 LUPINE LLC 10700 CROMWELL DR LINCOLN NE 65516-9200 3527 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2A 2101-111-01-017 7 HENRY R.PRATT REVOCABLE TRUST 3527 LUPINE DR.-UNIT B VAIL CO 51657-4886 3527 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2B 2101-111-01-015 8 RICHARD W.&EMILY G.GRODAHL 570 N.LAFAYETTE ST. DENVER CO 80218-3608 3591 BIGHORN RD#A Subdivision:LEDGES Lot:A 2101-111-06-001 9 LINDA M.&DOUGLAS G.PAUL 310 STAG POND RD BYRAM TOWNSHIP NJ 07521-3531 3591 BIGHORN RD#B Subdivision:LEDGES Lot:B 2101-111-06-002 10 NOEL&LESLIE GINSBURG 6456 E.TUFTS AVE, ENGLEWOOD CO 50111-1165 3591 BIGHORN RD#C Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL C PHASE II 2101-111-06-004 11 JEFFRY A.EPSTEIN 3900 HAMILTON BLVD.-STE 208 ALLENTOWN PA 15103-6122 3591 BIGHORN RD#D Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL D PHASE II 2101-111-06-005 12 ERIC K.&CHRISTINE A.JOHNSON 4061 E.LINDEN LN. GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 50121-3927 3591 BIGHORN RD#E Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL E PHASE II 2101-111-06-006 13 KEVIN R.&PATRICIA S.WALL PO BOX 3763 VAIL CO 81658-3763 3591 BIGHORN RD#F Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL F PHASE II 2101-111-06-007 14 CAROL H.JOCHENS 2 VILLAGE RD ENGLEWOOD CO 80113-4908 4040 FALL LINE DR#B Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL B 2101-122-22-007 15 PAMELA L.STEWART 126 INCENSE TR. SUNNYVALE CA 94086-7047 4040 FALL LINE DR#A Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL A 2101-122-22-006 16 TESS HOLLINGSWORTH&MICAH SCHUETTE 4030 FALL LINE DR.-UNIT D VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#D Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2B 2101-122-22-004 17 CHERYL ANN PETER 4030 FALL LINE DR.-UNIT C VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#C Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2A 2101-122-22-003 18 JEANA L.GILLIS FAMILY IRREVOCABLE TRUST 14141 SLATER ST OVERLAND PARK KS 66221-2167 4030 FALL LINE DR#B Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:1B 2101-122-22-002 19 DANIEL&LAURA H.MARIANINO 13 FOX RUN CALIFON NJ 07830-3336 4030 FALL LINE DR#A Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:1A 2101-122-22-001 20 JOHN N.OENICK 6324 CARDINAL RD BETTENDORF IA 52722-4867 4010 FALL LINE DR#1 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:1 2101-024-01-001 21 KELI&JEFFREY LOEHR 4020 S.IVANHOE LN CHERRY HILLS VILLAGE CO 80111-1017 4010 FALL LINE DR#2 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:2 2101-024-01-002 22 KIRK J.&JULIANNE M.HANSEN PO BOX 876 VAIL CO 81658-0876 4010 FALL LINE DR#3 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:3 2101-024-01-003 23 SUZANNE E.GARTNER 4010 FALL LINE DR#4 VAIL CO 81657 4010 FALL LINE DR#4 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:4 2101-024-01-004 24 JOAN LEVITT 40 BAYARD LN PRINCETON NJ 08540-3029 3970 FALL LINE DR#5 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:5 2101-024-01-005 25 THOMAS&MARGARET BROWN 2725 COACH HOUSE LN NAPLES FL 34105-2718 3970 FALL LINE DR#6 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:6 2101-024-01-006 26 3950 N.FRONTAGE RD.7 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3970 FALL LINE DR#7 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:7 2101-024-01-007 27 JAMES H.&LAURA JANE PETO 3950 FALL LINE DR.-#S VAIL CO 81657-4708 3950 FALL LINE DR#S Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:S 2101-024-01-008 28 ARTHUR S.&CINDY L.TAYLOR 1119 SPRINGMONT CIR BRYN MAWR PA 19010-1833 3950 FALL LINE DR#9 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:9 2101-024-01-009 FALL LINE DRIVE#10 LLC 29 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3950 FALL LINE DR#10 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:10 2101-024-01-010 FALL LINE DRIVE#11 LLC 30 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3950 FALL LINE DR#11 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:11 2101-024-01-011 31 CAREY E.ANDERSON 3950 FALL LINE DR.-UNIT 12 VAIL CO 81657-4708 3930 FALL LINE DR#12 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:12 2101-024-01-012 32 RAMIN AGHEVLI&CAROLYN SCHIERHOLZ 10175 CHARISSGLEN LN HIGHLANDS RANCH CO 80126-5535 3930 FALL LINE DR#13 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:13 2101-024-01-013 3950 FALL LINE#14 LLC 33 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3930 FALL LINE DR#14 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot,14 2101-024-01-014 34 BHARAT DESAI 7955 SPIRIT RANCH RD GOLDEN CO 80403-8123 3930 FALL LINE DR#15 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:15 2101-024-01-015 35 3910 N FRONTAGE RD 16 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3910 FALL LINE DR#16 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:16 2101-024-01-016 36 ANTHONY JOHN&TINA LYALL LICCIARDI PO BOX522 VAIL CO 81658-0522 3910 FALL LINE DR#17 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:17 2101-024-01-017 37 LAKOTA MOUNTAIN INVESTMENTS LLC 4056 SIMMS ST WHEAT RIDGE CO 80033-3800 3910 FALL LINE DR#18 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:18 2101-024-01-015 38 LINDA GREIF PO BOX 20257 NEW YORK NY 10025-1512 3910 FALL LINE DR#19 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:19 2101-024-01-019 39 JRG REALTY LLC 190 JASMINE ST. DENVER CO 80220-5913 3550 FALL LINE DR#20 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:20 2101-024-01-020 THOMA PROPERTIES LLC 40 C/O ROSKE,SCHUMANN&BURGHART LLP 350 5TH AVE-STE 5220 NEW YORK NY 10118-5220 3550 FALL LINE DR#21 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:21 2101-024-01-021 41 DANIEL HEIM 3950 FALL LINE DR-UNIT 22 VAIL CO 81657-4725 3550 FALL LINE DR#22 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:22 2101-024-01-022 42 UPSON FAMILY TRUST 850 S.FOOTHILL DR. LAKEWOOD CO 80228-3045 3550 FALL LINE DR#23 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:23 2101-024-01-023 Owner Name Owner Address 1 `°BALTZ FAMILY PARTNERS LTD PO BOX 754 2 CHLOE HELD?MORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S 3 CHLOE HELD M"ORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S 4 JOHN BUCKLEY& PATRICIA BROWN , 123 SANDALWOOD WAY 5 JOHN F. SCHAPPERLEJR LIVING TRUST- ETAL 3817 LUPINE DR 6 ``LUPINE LLC 10700 CROMWELL DR 7 HENRY R.PRATT REVOCABLE TRUST 3827 LUPINE DR. UNIT B 8 `RICHARD W. & EMILY G. GRODAHL 570 N. LAFAYETTE ST. 9 LINDA;M. & DOUGLAS,G. PAUL 310 STAG POND RD 10 `°NOEL& LESLIE GINSBURG 6456 E.TUFTS AVE, 11 JEFFRY A.EPSTEIN 3900 HAMILTON BLS/D. - STE 208 12 ,ERIC K.& CHRISTINE A.JOHNSON 4061 E. LINDEN LN. 13 KEVIN:R.& PATRICIA S. WALL PO BOX 3763 14 CAROL H. JOCHENS 2 VILLAGE RD 15 PAMELA L. STEW,ART 126 INCENSE TR. 16 TESS,HOLLI GSWORTH & MICAH SCHUETTE 4030 FALL LINE DR.- UNIT D 17 CHERYL ANN PETER 4030 FALL LINE DR.- UNIT C 18 JEANA L. GILLIS FAMILY IRREVOCABLE TRUST 14141 SLATER ST 19 DANIEL& LAURA H, MARIANINO 13 FOX RUN 20 JOHN N. OENICK 6324 CARDINAL RD 21 '`KELI &JEFFREY LOEHR 4020 S. IVANHOE LN 22 ``°KIRK J. &JULIANNE M,HANSEN PO BOX 876 23 SUZANNE E. GARTNER �4010 FALL LINE DR#4 24 JOAN LE/ITT 40 BAYARD LN 25 THOMAS,& MARGARET BROWN 2725 COACH HOUSE LN 26 3950 N. FRONTAGE RD.7 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 27 JAM.ES H. &LAURAJANE.PETO 3950 FALL LINE DR,-#8 28 ARTHUR S. &CINDY L.TAYLOR 1119 SPRINGMONT CIR FALL LINE DRIVE#10 LLC' C/o 29 'SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 FALL LINE DRIVE#11 LLC'' C/O 30 'SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 31 CAREY E.ANDERS;ON 3950 FALL LINE DR.- UNIT 12 32 RAMIN AGHEVLI&CAROLYN ELIZABETH SCHIERHOLZ 10178 CHARISSGLEN LN 3950 FALL LINE#14 LLC 33 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 34 ``°BHARAT DESAI 7955 SPIRIT RANCH RD 35 8910 N FRONTAGE RD 16 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR-STE 211 36 ANTHONYJOHN &TINA LYALL LICCIARDI PO BOX 522 37 '`LAKOTA MOUNTAIN INVESTMENTS LLC 4056 SIMMS ST 38 LINDA GREIF PO BOX20257 39 JRG REALTY LLC 190 JASMINE ST. THOMA PROPERTIES LLC 40 ,C/O ROSKE, SCHUMANN & BURGHART LLP 350 5TH AVE-STE 5220 41 '`DANIEL HEIM 3950 FALL LINE DR- UNIT 22 42 UPSON FAMILY TRUST 850 S. FOOTHILL DR. City State Zip Site Address GRAND LAKE CO 80447-0754 3786 LUPINE DR WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3785 LUPINE DR WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3797 LUPINE DR HIGHLANDS RANCH , CO 80126 5606 3807 LUPINE DR VAIL CO 81�657 3817 LUPINE DR LINCOLN NE 68516-9200 3827 LUPINE DR VAIL CO 8157-4886 '3827 LUPINE DR DENVER CO 80218 3608 3891 BIGHORN RD#A BYRAM TOWNSHIP NJ 07,821-3581 3891 BIGHORN RD#B ENGLEWOOD CO 80111-1,1,65 '3891 BIGHORN RD#C ALLENTOWN PA 18103-61,22 3891 BIGHORN RD#D GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 80121 3927 3891 BIGHORN RD#E VAIL CO 81658 3763 3891 BIGHORN RD#F ENGLEWOOD CO 80113-4908 4040 FALL LINE DR#B S,UNNYVALE CA 94086-7047'4040 FALL LINE DR#A VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#D VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#C OVERLAND PARK KS 66221-2167 4030 FALL LINE DR#B CALIFON NJ 07 0- 336 '4030 FALL LINE DR#A BETTENDORF' IA 52722-4867 4010 FALL LINE DR#1 CHERRY HILLS VILLAGE CO $0111-1017'4010 FALL LINE DR#2 VAIL CO 81658-0876 I4010 FALL LINE DR#3 VAIL CO 81657 4010 FALL LINE DR#4 PRINCETON NJ 08540-3029 '3970 FALL LINE DR#5 MAPLES FL' 34105-2718 3970 FALL LINE DR#6 VAIL CO 81657-5857:3970 FALL LINE DR#7 VAIL CO 81657-4708 3950 FALL LINE DR#8 BRYN MAWR PA 19010-18 '3950 FALL LINE DR#9 VAIL CO 81657-58,57 '3950 FALL LINE DR#10 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3950 FALL LINE DR#11 VAIL CO 81657-4708 3930 FALL LINE DR#12 HIGHLANDS RANCH! CO 80126.5535 3930 FALL LINE DR#13 VAIL CO 81657-557 '3930 FALL LINE DR#14 GOLDEN CO 80408-8128, 3930 FALL LINE DR#15 VAIL CO 81657-5857 !3910 FALL LINE DR#16 VAIL CO 81658-0,522 3910 FALL LINE DR#17 WHEAT RIDGE CO 80033-3800 ,3910 FALL LINE DR#18 NEW YORK NY 10025-1512 3910 FALL LINE DR#19 DENVER CO 80220-5913 3850 FALL LINE DR#20 NEW YORK NY 10118-5220 3850 FALL LINE DR#21 VAIL CO 81657-4725 3850 FALL LINE DR#22 LAKEWOOD CO 80228- 045 3850 FALL LINE DR#23 Legal Summary Parcel Number Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:6 2101-111-01-004 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot: 5 2101-111-01-003 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:4 2101-111-01-002 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3A 2101-111-01-024 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3B 2101-111-01-025 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2A 2101-111-01-017 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2B 2101-111-01-018 Subdivision: LEDGES Lot:A 2101-111-06-001 Subdivision: LEDGES Lot: B 2101-111-06-002 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL C PHASE II 2101-111-06-004 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL D PHASE II 2101-111-06-005 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL E PHASE II 2101-111-06-006 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL F PHASE II 2101-111-06-007 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL B 2101-122-22-007 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL A 2101-122-22-006 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2B 2101-122-22-004 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2A 2101-122-22-003 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot: 1B 2101-122-22-002 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot: 1A 2101-122-22-001 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 1 2101-024-01-001 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:2 2101-024-01-002 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:3 2101-024-01-003 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:4 2101-024-01-004 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 5 2101-024-01-005 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:6 2101-024-01-006 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 7 2101-024-01-007 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 8 2101-024-01-008 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 9 2101-024-01-009 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 10 2101-024-01-010 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 11 2101-024-01-011 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 12 2101-024-01-012 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 13 2101-024-01-013 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 14 2101-024-01-014 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 15 2101-024-01-015 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 16 2101-024-01-016 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 17 2101-024-01-017 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 18 2101-024-01-018 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 19 2101-024-01-019 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:20 2101-024-01-020 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:21 2101-024-01-021 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:22 2101-024-01-022 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:23 2101-024-01-023 Confirmed 5.22 Owner Name Owner Address City State Zip Site Address Legal Summary Parcel Number 1 BALTZ FAMILY PARTNERS LTD PO BOX 754 GRAND LAKE CO 50447-0754 3756 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:6 2101-111-01-004 2 CHLOE HELD MORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3755 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:5 2101-111-01-003 3 CHLOE HELD MORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3797 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:4 2101-111-01-002 4 JOHN BUCKLEY&PATRICIA BROWN 123 SANDALWOOD WAY HIGHLANDS RANCH CO 50126-5606 3507 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3A 2101-111-01-024 5 JOHN F.SCHAPPERLE JR LIVING TRUST-ETAL 3517 LUPINE DR VAIL CO 51657 3517 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3B 2101-111-01-025 6 LUPINE LLC 10700 CROMWELL DR LINCOLN NE 65516-9200 3527 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2A 2101-111-01-017 7 HENRY R.PRATT REVOCABLE TRUST 3527 LUPINE DR.-UNIT B VAIL CO 51657-4886 3527 LUPINE DR Subdivision:BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2B 2101-111-01-015 8 RICHARD W.&EMILY G.GRODAHL 570 N.LAFAYETTE ST. DENVER CO 80218-3608 3591 BIGHORN RD#A Subdivision:LEDGES Lot:A 2101-111-06-001 9 LINDA M.&DOUGLAS G.PAUL 310 STAG POND RD BYRAM TOWNSHIP NJ 07521-3531 3591 BIGHORN RD#B Subdivision:LEDGES Lot:B 2101-111-06-002 10 NOEL&LESLIE GINSBURG 6456 E.TUFTS AVE, ENGLEWOOD CO 50111-1165 3591 BIGHORN RD#C Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL C PHASE II 2101-111-06-004 11 JEFFRY A.EPSTEIN 3900 HAMILTON BLVD.-STE 208 ALLENTOWN PA 15103-6122 3591 BIGHORN RD#D Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL D PHASE II 2101-111-06-005 12 ERIC K.&CHRISTINE A.JOHNSON 4061 E.LINDEN LN. GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 50121-3927 3591 BIGHORN RD#E Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL E PHASE II 2101-111-06-006 13 KEVIN R.&PATRICIA S.WALL PO BOX 3763 VAIL CO 81658-3763 3591 BIGHORN RD#F Subdivision:LEDGES PARCEL F PHASE II 2101-111-06-007 14 CAROL H.JOCHENS 2 VILLAGE RD ENGLEWOOD CO 80113-4908 4040 FALL LINE DR#B Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL B 2101-122-22-007 15 PAMELA L.STEWART 126 INCENSE TR. SUNNYVALE CA 94086-7047 4040 FALL LINE DR#A Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL A 2101-122-22-006 16 TESS HOLLINGSWORTH&MICAH SCHUETTE 4030 FALL LINE DR.-UNIT D VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#D Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2B 2101-122-22-004 17 CHERYL ANN PETER 4030 FALL LINE DR.-UNIT C VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#C Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2A 2101-122-22-003 18 JEANA L.GILLIS FAMILY IRREVOCABLE TRUST 14141 SLATER ST OVERLAND PARK KS 66221-2167 4030 FALL LINE DR#B Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:1B 2101-122-22-002 19 DANIEL&LAURA H.MARIANINO 13 FOX RUN CALIFON NJ 07830-3336 4030 FALL LINE DR#A Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:1A 2101-122-22-001 20 JOHN N.OENICK 6324 CARDINAL RD BETTENDORF IA 52722-4867 4010 FALL LINE DR#1 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:1 2101-024-01-001 21 KELI&JEFFREY LOEHR 4020 S.IVANHOE LN CHERRY HILLS VILLAGE CO 80111-1017 4010 FALL LINE DR#2 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:2 2101-024-01-002 22 KIRK J.&JULIANNE M.HANSEN PO BOX 876 VAIL CO 81658-0876 4010 FALL LINE DR#3 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:3 2101-024-01-003 23 SUZANNE E.GARTNER 4010 FALL LINE DR#4 VAIL CO 81657 4010 FALL LINE DR#4 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:4 2101-024-01-004 24 JOAN LEVITT 40 BAYARD LN PRINCETON NJ 08540-3029 3970 FALL LINE DR#5 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:5 2101-024-01-005 25 THOMAS&MARGARET BROWN 2725 COACH HOUSE LN NAPLES FL 34105-2718 3970 FALL LINE DR#6 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:6 2101-024-01-006 26 3950 N.FRONTAGE RD.7 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3970 FALL LINE DR#7 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:7 2101-024-01-007 27 JAMES H.&LAURA JANE PETO 3950 FALL LINE DR.-#S VAIL CO 81657-4708 3950 FALL LINE DR#S Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:S 2101-024-01-008 28 ARTHUR S.&CINDY L.TAYLOR 1119 SPRINGMONT CIR BRYN MAWR PA 19010-1833 3950 FALL LINE DR#9 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:9 2101-024-01-009 FALL LINE DRIVE#10 LLC 29 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3950 FALL LINE DR#10 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:10 2101-024-01-010 FALL LINE DRIVE#11 LLC 30 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3950 FALL LINE DR#11 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:11 2101-024-01-011 31 CAREY E.ANDERSON 3950 FALL LINE DR.-UNIT 12 VAIL CO 81657-4708 3930 FALL LINE DR#12 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:12 2101-024-01-012 32 RAMIN AGHEVLI&CAROLYN SCHIERHOLZ 10175 CHARISSGLEN LN HIGHLANDS RANCH CO 80126-5535 3930 FALL LINE DR#13 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:13 2101-024-01-013 3950 FALL LINE#14 LLC 33 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3930 FALL LINE DR#14 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot,14 2101-024-01-014 34 BHARAT DESAI 7955 SPIRIT RANCH RD GOLDEN CO 80403-8123 3930 FALL LINE DR#15 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:15 2101-024-01-015 35 3910 N FRONTAGE RD 16 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR-STE 211 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3910 FALL LINE DR#16 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:16 2101-024-01-016 36 ANTHONY JOHN&TINA LYALL LICCIARDI PO BOX522 VAIL CO 81658-0522 3910 FALL LINE DR#17 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:17 2101-024-01-017 37 LAKOTA MOUNTAIN INVESTMENTS LLC 4056 SIMMS ST WHEAT RIDGE CO 80033-3800 3910 FALL LINE DR#18 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:18 2101-024-01-015 38 LINDA GREIF PO BOX 20257 NEW YORK NY 10025-1512 3910 FALL LINE DR#19 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:19 2101-024-01-019 39 JRG REALTY LLC 190 JASMINE ST. DENVER CO 80220-5913 3550 FALL LINE DR#20 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:20 2101-024-01-020 THOMA PROPERTIES LLC 40 C/O ROSKE,SCHUMANN&BURGHART LLP 350 5TH AVE-STE 5220 NEW YORK NY 10118-5220 3550 FALL LINE DR#21 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:21 2101-024-01-021 41 DANIEL HEIM 3950 FALL LINE DR-UNIT 22 VAIL CO 81657-4725 3550 FALL LINE DR#22 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:22 2101-024-01-022 42 UPSON FAMILY TRUST 850 S.FOOTHILL DR. LAKEWOOD CO 80228-3045 3550 FALL LINE DR#23 Subdivision:PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:23 2101-024-01-023 Owner Name Owner Address 1 `°BALTZ FAMILY PARTNERS LTD PO BOX 754 2 CHLOE HELD?MORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S 3 CHLOE HELD M"ORAN REVOCABLE TRUST 358 FERNDALE RD S 4 JOHN BUCKLEY& PATRICIA BROWN , 123 SANDALWOOD WAY 5 JOHN F. SCHAPPERLEJR LIVING TRUST- ETAL 3817 LUPINE DR 6 ``LUPINE LLC 10700 CROMWELL DR 7 HENRY R.PRATT REVOCABLE TRUST 3827 LUPINE DR. UNIT B 8 `RICHARD W. & EMILY G. GRODAHL 570 N. LAFAYETTE ST. 9 LINDA;M. & DOUGLAS,G. PAUL 310 STAG POND RD 10 `°NOEL& LESLIE GINSBURG 6456 E.TUFTS AVE, 11 JEFFRY A.EPSTEIN 3900 HAMILTON BLS/D. - STE 208 12 ,ERIC K.& CHRISTINE A.JOHNSON 4061 E. LINDEN LN. 13 KEVIN:R.& PATRICIA S. WALL PO BOX 3763 14 CAROL H. JOCHENS 2 VILLAGE RD 15 PAMELA L. STEW,ART 126 INCENSE TR. 16 TESS,HOLLI GSWORTH & MICAH SCHUETTE 4030 FALL LINE DR.- UNIT D 17 CHERYL ANN PETER 4030 FALL LINE DR.- UNIT C 18 JEANA L. GILLIS FAMILY IRREVOCABLE TRUST 14141 SLATER ST 19 DANIEL& LAURA H, MARIANINO 13 FOX RUN 20 JOHN N. OENICK 6324 CARDINAL RD 21 '`KELI &JEFFREY LOEHR 4020 S. IVANHOE LN 22 ``°KIRK J. &JULIANNE M,HANSEN PO BOX 876 23 SUZANNE E. GARTNER �4010 FALL LINE DR#4 24 JOAN LE/ITT 40 BAYARD LN 25 THOMAS,& MARGARET BROWN 2725 COACH HOUSE LN 26 3950 N. FRONTAGE RD.7 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 27 JAM.ES H. &LAURAJANE.PETO 3950 FALL LINE DR,-#8 28 ARTHUR S. &CINDY L.TAYLOR 1119 SPRINGMONT CIR FALL LINE DRIVE#10 LLC' C/o 29 'SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 FALL LINE DRIVE#11 LLC'' C/O 30 'SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 31 CAREY E.ANDERS;ON 3950 FALL LINE DR.- UNIT 12 32 RAMIN AGHEVLI&CAROLYN ELIZABETH SCHIERHOLZ 10178 CHARISSGLEN LN 3950 FALL LINE#14 LLC 33 C/O SOLARIS PROPERTY OWNER LLC 141 E MEADOW DR.- STE 211 34 ``°BHARAT DESAI 7955 SPIRIT RANCH RD 35 8910 N FRONTAGE RD 16 LLC 141 E MEADOW DR-STE 211 36 ANTHONYJOHN &TINA LYALL LICCIARDI PO BOX 522 37 '`LAKOTA MOUNTAIN INVESTMENTS LLC 4056 SIMMS ST 38 LINDA GREIF PO BOX20257 39 JRG REALTY LLC 190 JASMINE ST. THOMA PROPERTIES LLC 40 ,C/O ROSKE, SCHUMANN & BURGHART LLP 350 5TH AVE-STE 5220 41 '`DANIEL HEIM 3950 FALL LINE DR- UNIT 22 42 UPSON FAMILY TRUST 850 S. FOOTHILL DR. City State Zip Site Address GRAND LAKE CO 80447-0754 3786 LUPINE DR WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3785 LUPINE DR WAYZATA MN 55391-1509 3797 LUPINE DR HIGHLANDS RANCH , CO 80126 5606 3807 LUPINE DR VAIL CO 81�657 3817 LUPINE DR LINCOLN NE 68516-9200 3827 LUPINE DR VAIL CO 8157-4886 '3827 LUPINE DR DENVER CO 80218 3608 3891 BIGHORN RD#A BYRAM TOWNSHIP NJ 07,821-3581 3891 BIGHORN RD#B ENGLEWOOD CO 80111-1,1,65 '3891 BIGHORN RD#C ALLENTOWN PA 18103-61,22 3891 BIGHORN RD#D GREENWOOD VILLAGE CO 80121 3927 3891 BIGHORN RD#E VAIL CO 81658 3763 3891 BIGHORN RD#F ENGLEWOOD CO 80113-4908 4040 FALL LINE DR#B S,UNNYVALE CA 94086-7047'4040 FALL LINE DR#A VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#D VAIL CO 81657-4726 4030 FALL LINE DR#C OVERLAND PARK KS 66221-2167 4030 FALL LINE DR#B CALIFON NJ 07 0- 336 '4030 FALL LINE DR#A BETTENDORF' IA 52722-4867 4010 FALL LINE DR#1 CHERRY HILLS VILLAGE CO $0111-1017'4010 FALL LINE DR#2 VAIL CO 81658-0876 I4010 FALL LINE DR#3 VAIL CO 81657 4010 FALL LINE DR#4 PRINCETON NJ 08540-3029 '3970 FALL LINE DR#5 MAPLES FL' 34105-2718 3970 FALL LINE DR#6 VAIL CO 81657-5857:3970 FALL LINE DR#7 VAIL CO 81657-4708 3950 FALL LINE DR#8 BRYN MAWR PA 19010-18 '3950 FALL LINE DR#9 VAIL CO 81657-58,57 '3950 FALL LINE DR#10 VAIL CO 81657-5857 3950 FALL LINE DR#11 VAIL CO 81657-4708 3930 FALL LINE DR#12 HIGHLANDS RANCH! CO 80126.5535 3930 FALL LINE DR#13 VAIL CO 81657-557 '3930 FALL LINE DR#14 GOLDEN CO 80408-8128, 3930 FALL LINE DR#15 VAIL CO 81657-5857 !3910 FALL LINE DR#16 VAIL CO 81658-0,522 3910 FALL LINE DR#17 WHEAT RIDGE CO 80033-3800 ,3910 FALL LINE DR#18 NEW YORK NY 10025-1512 3910 FALL LINE DR#19 DENVER CO 80220-5913 3850 FALL LINE DR#20 NEW YORK NY 10118-5220 3850 FALL LINE DR#21 VAIL CO 81657-4725 3850 FALL LINE DR#22 LAKEWOOD CO 80228- 045 3850 FALL LINE DR#23 Legal Summary Parcel Number Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:6 2101-111-01-004 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot: 5 2101-111-01-003 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:4 2101-111-01-002 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3A 2101-111-01-024 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION Lot:3B 2101-111-01-025 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2A 2101-111-01-017 Subdivision: BIGHORN 2ND ADDITION PARCEL 2B 2101-111-01-018 Subdivision: LEDGES Lot:A 2101-111-06-001 Subdivision: LEDGES Lot: B 2101-111-06-002 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL C PHASE II 2101-111-06-004 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL D PHASE II 2101-111-06-005 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL E PHASE II 2101-111-06-006 Subdivision: LEDGES PARCEL F PHASE II 2101-111-06-007 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL B 2101-122-22-007 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:3 PARCEL A 2101-122-22-006 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2B 2101-122-22-004 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot:2A 2101-122-22-003 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot: 1B 2101-122-22-002 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK MEADOWS Lot: 1A 2101-122-22-001 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 1 2101-024-01-001 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:2 2101-024-01-002 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:3 2101-024-01-003 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:4 2101-024-01-004 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 5 2101-024-01-005 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:6 2101-024-01-006 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 7 2101-024-01-007 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 8 2101-024-01-008 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 9 2101-024-01-009 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 10 2101-024-01-010 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 11 2101-024-01-011 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 12 2101-024-01-012 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 13 2101-024-01-013 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 14 2101-024-01-014 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 15 2101-024-01-015 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 16 2101-024-01-016 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 17 2101-024-01-017 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 18 2101-024-01-018 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot: 19 2101-024-01-019 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:20 2101-024-01-020 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:21 2101-024-01-021 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:22 2101-024-01-022 Subdivision: PITKIN CREEK TOWNHOUSES Lot:23 2101-024-01-023 Confirmed 5.22 -------------------- ------------ a0facent map, ........... ................... ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 1 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO r First American Title Insurance Company- NCS .;�. 1125 17th Street, Suite 500 Denver, Colorado 80202 Phone: (303)876-1112 F ax(877)235-9185 DATE: October 10, 2018 FILE NUMBER: NCS-820167-CO PROPERTY ADDRESS: East Vail Workforce Housing,Vail, CO OWNER/BUYER:The Vail Corporation/Triumph Development West,LLC YOUR REFERENCE NUMBER: East Vail Worforce Housing ASSESSOR PARCEL NUMBER: PLEASE REVIEW THE ENCLOSED MATERIAL COMPLETELY AND TAKE NOTE OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS CONTAINED THEREIN: Transmittal: Revision No.: Schedule A: Schedule B- Section 1 Requirements: Schedule B- Section 2 Exceptions: Should you have any questions regarding these materials,please contact First American Title Insurance Company National Commercial Services at the above phone number.We sincerely thank you for your business. TO: First American Title Insurance TITLE OFFICER: Karen Biggs/Mej Ellsworth Company National Commercial Services 1125 17th Street, Suite 500 PHONE: (303)876-1112 Denver, Colorado 80202 FAX: (877)235-9185 E-MAIL: kbiggs@firstam.com DELIVERY: E-MAIL TO: First American Title Insurance ESCROW Mej Ellsworth Company National Commercial OFFICER: Services 1125 17th Street, Suite 500 PHONE: (303)876-1126 Denver, CO 80202 FAX: (877)235-9185 E-MAIL: mellsworth@firstam.com DELIVERY: E-MAIL First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 2 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO ALTA Commitment Form COMMITMENT FOR TITLE INSURANCE Issued by First American Title Insurance Company First American Title Insurance Company, a Nebraska corporation ("Company"), for a valuable consideration, commits to issue its policy or policies of title insurance,as identified in Schedule A, in favor of the Proposed Insured named in Schedule A, as owner or mortgagee of the estate or interest in the land described or referred to in Schedule A, upon payment of the premiums and charges and compliance with the Requirements; all subject to the provisions of Schedules A and B and to the Conditions of this Commitment. This Commitment shall be effective only when the identity of the Proposed Insured and the amount of the policy or policies committed for have been inserted in Schedule A by the Company. All liability and obligation under this Commitment shall cease and terminate six (6) months after the Effective Date or when the policy or policies committed for shall issue, whichever first occurs, provided that the failure to issue the policy or policies is not the fault of the Company. The Company will provide a sample of the policy form upon request. IN WITNESS WHEREOF, First American Title Insurance Company has caused its corporate name and seal to be affixed by its duly authorized officers on the date shown in Schedule A. TMlIq{KV 'I'yy, W JAWq �lrrfr�r�'� I'I';yCr�Ar�wir�n First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 3 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO COMMITMENT FOR TITLE INSURANCE FORM SCHEDULE A 1. Effective Date: October 5, 2018 at 5:00 p.m. a. ALTA Owner's Policy(06-17-06) $1,000,000.00 Proposed Insured: Triumph Development West,LLC, a Delaware limited liability company b. ALTA Loan Policy (06-17-06) $0.00 Proposed Insured: None 2. The estate or interest in the Land described or referred to in this Commitment is: Fee Simple 3. Title to the estate or interest in the Land is at the Effective Date vested in: The Vail Corporation, a Colorado corporation 4. The Land referred to in this Commitment is described as follows: See Exhibit "A"attached hereto and made a part hereof. For informational purposes only: East Vail Workforce Housing, Vail, Colorado First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 4 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO EXHIBIT A Commitment No.: NCS-820167-CO The land referred to in Schedule A is situated in the County of Eagle, State of Colorado and is described as follows: Lot 1 and Tract A, East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision, Town of Vail, County of Eagle, State of Colorado,according to the F inal Plat thereof recorded in the real property records of Eagle County, Colorado on October 13, 2017 at Reception No. 20171746. First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 5 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO COMMITMENT FOR TITLE INSURANCE FORM SCHEDULE B SECTION ONE REQUIREMENTS The following requirements must be met: 1. Pay the agreed amounts for the interest in the land and/or the mortgage to be insured. 2. Pay us the premiums, fees and charges for the policy. 3. Payment of all taxes and assessments now due and payable. 4. Recordation of a Warranty Deed satisfactory to the Company,from The Vail Corporation, a Colorado corporation, vesting fee simple title in and to Triumph Development West,LLC, a Delaware limited liability company. 5. Receipt by the Company of a Corporate Resolution executed by the officers of The Vail Corporation., a Colorado corporation, authorizing the transaction herein contemplated and setting forth the names and authority of those authorized to sign for the corporation. 6. Receipt by the Company of the following documentation for Triumph Development West,LLC, a Delaware limited liability company: Operating Agreement, and all amendments thereto, if any. 7. Receipt by the Company of a satisfactory F inal Affidavit and Indemnity,executed by The Vail Corporation, Inc., a Colorado corporation. 8. Receipt by the Company of an ALTA/NSPS Land Title Survey, certified to First American Title Insurance Company,and in form and content satisfactory to the Company. The Company reserves the right to make further requirements and/or exceptions upon review of this survey. First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 6 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO COMMITMENT FOR TITLE INSURANCE FORM SCHEDULE B SECTION TWO EXCEPTIONS Schedule B of the policy or policies to be issued will contain exceptions to the following matters unless the same are disposed of to the satisfaction of the Company: 1. Any facts, rights,interests or claims which are not shown by the Public Records, but which could be ascertained by an inspection of the Land or by making inquiry of persons in possession thereof. 2. Easements, or claims of easements,not shown by the Public Records. 3. Discrepancies, conflicts in boundary lines, shortage in area, encroachments, and any facts which a correct survey and inspection of the Land would disclose,and which are not shown by the public records. 4. Any lien, or right to a lien, for services, labor or material heretofore or hereafter furnished, imposed by law and not shown in the Public Records. NOTE: Upon satisfaction of the requirements herein set forth, Exceptions 1 through 3 will be deleted and Exception 4 will be modified based on the status of work performed prior to Date of Policy. 5. Any and all unpaid taxes,assessments and unredeemed tax sales. 6. Water rights,claims or title to water,whether or not shown by the public records. 7. Right-of-way for all county roads as currently established and used. 8. Ditches, ditch rights,and claims or title to the same,whether of record or not. 9. Right of way for ditches and canals as constructed by the authority of the United States,as reserved in United States Patent recorded April 28, 1900 in Book 48 at Page 477. 10. Reservation of a 1/2 interest in oil, gas and other mineral as reserved in Deed recorded May 3, 1960 in Book 165 at Page 227, and any and all assignments thereof or interests therein. 11. Terms, conditions,provisions, obligations,easements and agreements as set forth in the Easement Agreement recorded September 14, 1972 at Reception No. 121164. 12. Ordinance No. 13 Series of 1974,for annexation,recorded September 25, 1974 at Reception No. 132614. First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 7 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO NOTE: Ordinance No. 20 Series of 1974 amending legal in connection therewith recorded November 8, 1974 at Reception No. 133315. 13. Terms, conditions,provisions and obligations in Notice of Organization regarding the Upper Eagle Valley Sanitation District Eagle County,CO recorded March 28, 2017 at Reception 201705251. 14. Easements, notes,covenants, restrictions and rights-of-way as shown on the plat of East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision, recorded October 13, 2017 at Reception No. 201719746. 15. Any tax, lien,fee or assessment by reason of inclusion of subject property in the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, as evidenced by instrument recorded September 18, 2018 at Reception No.201815874. First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 8 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO EXHIBIT B Statement of Charges ALTA Ext Owners Policy $1,368.00 Deletion of 1-3 $60.00 Tax Certificate $50.00 First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 9 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO CONDITIONS 1. The term mortgage, when used herein, shall include deed of trust,trust deed, or other security instrument. 2. If the proposed Insured has or acquired actual knowledge of any defect, lien, encumbrance, adverse claim or other matter affecting the estate or interest or mortgage thereon covered by this Commitment other than those shown in Schedule B hereof,and shall fail to disclose such knowledge to the Company in writing,the Company shall be relieved from liability for any loss or damage resulting from any act of reliance hereon to the extent the Company is prejudiced by failure to so disclose such knowledge. If the proposed Insured shall disclose such knowledge to the Company,or if the Company otherwise acquires actual knowledge of any such defect, lien, encumbrance,adverse claim or other matter,the Company at its option may amend Schedule B of this Commitment accordingly,but such amendment shall not relieve the Company from liability previously incurred pursuant to paragraph 3 of these Conditions and Stipulations. 3. Liability of the Company under this Commitment shall be only to the named proposed Insured and such parties included under the definition of Insured in the form of policy or policies committed for and only for actual loss incurred in reliance hereon in undertaking in good faith(a) to comply with the requirements hereof,or (b) to eliminate exceptions shown in Schedule B, or (c) to acquire or create the estate or interest or mortgage thereon covered by this Commitment. In no event shall such liability exceed the amount stated in Schedule A for the policy or policies committed for and such liability is subject to the insuring provisions and Conditions and Stipulations and the Exclusions from Coverage of the form of policy or policies committed for in favor of the proposed Insured which are hereby incorporated by reference and are made a part of this Commitment except as expressly modified herein. 4. This Commitment is a contract to issue one or more title insurance policies and is not an abstract of title or a report of the condition of title. Any action or actions or rights of action that the proposed Insured may have or may bring against the Company arising out of the status of the title to the estate or interest or the status of the mortgage thereon covered by this Commitment must be based on and are subject to the provisions of this Commitment. 5. The policy to be issued contains an arbitration clause. All arbitrable matters when the Amount of Insurance is $2,000,000 or less shall be arbitrated at the option of either the Company or the Insured as the exclusive remedy of the parties. You may review a copy of the arbitration rules at http://www.alta.org/. First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 10 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO First American 77de Privacy Information We Are Committed to Safeguarding Customer Information In order to better serve your needs now and in the future,we may ask you to provide us with certain information.We understand that you may be concerned about what we will do with such information-particularly any personal or financial information.We agree that you have a right to know how we will utilize the personal information you provide to us.Therefore,together with our subsidiaries we have adopted this Privacy Policy to govern the use and handling of your personal information. Applicability This Privacy Policy governs our use of the information that you provide to us.It does not govern the manner in which we may use information we have obtained from any other source,such as information obtained from a public record or from another person or entity.F irstAmerican has also adopted broader guidelines that govern our use of personal information regardless of its source. First American calls these guidelines its FairInformation Values. Types of Information Depending upon which of our services you are utilizing,the types of nonpublic personal information that we may collect include: • Information we receive from you on applications,forms and in other communications to us,whether in writing,in person,by telephone or any other means; • Information about your transactions with us,our affiliated companies,or others;and • Information we receive from a consumer reporting agency. Use of Information We request information from you for our own legitimate business purposes and not for the benefit of any nonaffiliated party.Therefore,we will not release your information to nonaffiliated parties except:(1)as necessary for us to provide the product or serviceyou have requested of us;or(2)as permitted by law.We may,however,store such information indefinitely,including the period after which any customer relationship has ceased.Such information may be used for any internal purpose,such as quality control efforts or customer analysis.We may also provide all of the types of nonpublic personal information listed above to one or more of our affiliated companies.Such affiliated companies include financial service providers,such as title insurers,property and casualty insurers,and trust and investment advisory companies,or companies involved in real estate services,such as appraisal companies,home warranty companies and escrow companies.Furthermore, we may also provide all the information we collect,as described above,to companies that perform marketing services on our behalf,on behalf of our affiliated companies or to other financial institutions with whom we or our affiliated companies have joint marketing agreements. Former Customers Even if you are no longer our customer,our Privacy Policy will continue to apply to you. Confidentiality and Security We will use our best efforts to ensure that no unauthorized parties have access to any of your information.We restrict access to nonpublic personal information about you to those individuals and entities who need to know that information to provide products or services to you.We will use our best efforts to train and oversee our employees and agents to ensure that your information will be handled responsibly and in accordance with this Privacy Policy and F irstAmerican's F airInformation Values.We currently maintain physical,electronic,and procedural safeguards that comply with federal regulations to guard your nonpublic personal information. Information Obtained Through Our Web Site First American F inancial Corporation is sensitive to privacy issues on the Internet.We believe it is important you know how we treat the information about you we receive on the Internet. In general,you can visit F irstAmerican or its affiliates'Web sites on the World Wide Web without telling us who you are or revealing any information about yourself.Our Web servers collect the domain names,not the e-mail addresses,of visitors.This information is aggregated to measure the number of visits,average time spent on the site,pages viewed and similar information.F irst American uses this information to measure the use of our site and to develop ideas to improve the content of our site. There are times,however,when we may need information from you,such as your name and email address.When information is needed,we will use our best efforts to let you know at the time of collection how we will use the personal information.Usually,the personal information we collect is used only by us to respond to your inquiry,process an order or allow you to access specific account/profile information.If you choose to share any personal information with us,we will only use it in accordance with the policies outlined above. Business Relationships F irstAmerican F inanciaCorporation's site and its affiliates'sites may contain links to other Web sites.While we try to link only to sites that share our high standards and respect for privacy,we are not responsible for the content or the privacy practices employed by other sites. Cookies Some of First American's Web sites may make use of"cookie"technology to measure site activity and to customize information to your personal tastes.A cookie is an element of data that a Web site can send to your browser,which may then store the cookie on your hard drive. FirstAm.comuses stored cookies.The goal of this technology is to better serve you when visiting our site,save you time when you are here and to provide you with a more meaningful and productive Web site experience. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fair Information Values Fairness We consider consumer expectations about their privacy in all our businesses.We only offer products and services that assure a favorable balance between consumer benefits and consumer privacy. Public Record We believe that an open public record creates significant value for society,enhances consumer choice and creates consumer opportunity.We actively support an open public record and emphasize its importance and contribution to our economy. Use We believe we should behave responsibly when we use information about a consumer in our business.We will obey the laws governing the collection,use and dissemination of data. Accuracy We will take reasonable steps to help assure the accuracy of the data we collect,use and disseminate.Where possible,we will take reasonable steps to correct inaccurate information. When,as with the public record,we cannot correct inaccurate information,we will take all reasonable steps to assist consumers in identifying the source of the erroneous data so that the consumer can secure the required corrections. Education We endeavor to educate the users of our products and services,our employees and others in our industry about the importance of consumer privacy.We will instruct our employees on our fair information values and on the responsible collection and use of data.We will encourage others in our industry to collect and use information in a responsible manner. Security We will maintain appropriate facilities and systems to protect against unauthorized access to and corruption of the data we maintain. Form50-PRIVACY(9/1/10) Page 1 of 1 Privacy Information(2001-2010 First American Financial Corporation) First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 11 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Pursuant to C.R.S. 30-10-406(3)(a)all documents received for recording or filing in the Clerk and Recorder's office shall contain a top margin of at least one inch and a left,right and bottom margin of at least one-half of an inch. The Clerk and Recorder will refuse to record or file any document that does not conform to the requirements of this section. NOTE: If this transaction includes a sale of the property and the price exceeds$100,000.00,the seller must comply with the disclosure/withholding provisions of C.R.S. 39-22-604.5(Nonresident withholding). NOTE: Colorado Division of Insurance Regulations 8-1-2 requires that"Every title insurance company shall be responsible to the proposed insured(s)subject to the terms and conditions of the title commitment, other than the effective date of the title commitment, for all matters which appear of record prior to the time of recording whenever the title insurance company,or its agent, conducts the closing and settlement service that is in conjunction with its issuance of an owner's policy of title insurance and is responsible for the recording and filing of legal documents resulting from the transaction which was closed. Pursuant to C.R.S. 10-11-122, the company will not issue its owner's policy or owner's policies of title insurance contemplated by this commitment until it has been provided a Certificate of Taxes due or other equivalent documentation from the County Treasurer or the County Treasurer's authorized agent; or until the Proposed Insured has notified or instructed the company in writing to the contrary. The subject property may be located in a special taxing district. A Certificate of Taxes due listing each taxing jurisdiction shall be obtained from the County Treasurer or the County Treasurer's authorized agent. Information regarding special districts and the boundaries of such districts may be obtained from the Board of County Commissioners, the County Clerk and Recorder, or the County Assessor. NOTE:Pursuant to CRS 10-11-123, notice is hereby given: This notice applies to owner's policy commitments containing a mineral severance instrument exception, or exceptions, in Schedule B,Section 2. A. That there is recorded evidence that a mineral estate has been severed, leased,or otherwise conveyed from the surface estate and that there is a substantial likelihood that a third party holds some or all interest in oil,gas, other minerals, or geothermal energy in the property; and B. That such mineral estate may include the right to enter and use the property without the surface owner's permission. NOTE:Pursuant to Colorado Division of Insurance Regulations 8-1-1,Affirmative mechanic's lien protection for the Owner may be available(typically by deletion of Exception no.4 of Schedule B,Section 2 of the Commitment from the Owner's Policy to be issued)upon compliance with the following conditions: A. The land described in Schedule A of this commitment must be a single family residence which includes a condominium or townhouse unit. B. No labor or materials have been furnished by mechanics or material-men for purposes of construction on the land described in Schedule A of this Commitment within the past 6 months. C. The Company must receive an appropriate affidavit indemnifying the Company against un-filed mechanic's and material-men's liens. D. The Company must receive payment of the appropriate premium. First American Title Insurance Company ALTA Commitment (6-17-06) Commitment Page 12 Commitment Number: NCS-820167-CO E. If there has been construction, improvements or major repairs undertaken on the property to be purchased within six months prior to the Dateof the Commitment, the requirements to obtain coverage for unrecorded liens will include:disclosure of certain construction information; financial information as to the seller, the builder and or the contractor; payment of the appropriate premium,fully executed Indemnity Agreements satisfactory to the company, and, any additional requirements as may be necessary after an examination of the aforesaid information by the Company. No coverage will be given under any circumstances for labor or material for which the insured has contracted for or agreed to pay. NOTE: Pursuant to C.R.S. 38-35-125(2)no person or entity that provides closing and settlement services for a real estate transaction shall disburse funds as a part of such services until those funds have been received and are available for immediate withdrawal as a matter of right. NOTE:C.R.S. 39-14-102 requires that a real property transfer declaration accompany any conveyance document presented for recordation in the State of Colorado.Said declaration shall be completed and signed by either the grantor or grantee. NOTE:Pursuant to CRS 10-1-128(6)(a), It is unlawful to knowingly provide false, incomplete, or misleading facts or information to an insurance company for the purpose of defrauding or attempting to defraudthe company. Penalties may include imprisonment, fines, denial of insurance and civil damages. Any insurance company or agent of an insurance company who knowingly provides false,incomplete, or misleading facts or information to a policyholder or claimant for the purpose of defrauding or attempting to defraud the policyholder or claimant with regard to a settlement or award payable from insurance proceeds shall be reported to the Colorado division of insurance within the department of regulatory agencies. Nothing herein contained will be deemed to obligate the company to provide any of the coverages referred to herein unless the above conditions are fully satisfied. First American Title Insurance Company X IP1,>I1, II 1is b11 A, May 28, 2019 Matt Gennett CommunityDevelopment Director Town of Vail 75 S. Frontage Road Vail,Colorado 81657 RE: Owner's Consentf or East Vail Application Dear Mr. Gennett, On behalfof The Vail Corporation (TVC),the owner of certain real property described as Lot 1 and Tract A, East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision, Town of Vail,County of Eagle,State of Colorado, according to the Final Plat thereofrecorded in the real property records of Eagle County,Colorado on October 13, 2017 at Reception No. 201719746 (the "Property"),please accept this letter as our consent forTriumph Development West,LLC to file a Development Plan application on the Property. We reserve the right to withdraw our consent at any time. While TVC is the owner of the Property, TVC does not assume any of the obligations or requirements of the"Owner"as shown and described on any plans submitted by Triumph Development West,LLC. If you have any questions regarding this letteror our consent,please contactKara Bowyer, Director of Land Use and Community Development, at 303.504.5880 or kb owyer@vailres orts.c om. Sincerely, THE VAIL CORPORATION James O'Donnell Executive Vice President& Chief Operating Officer• Hospitality, Real Estate, & Retail 390lnterlocken Crescent Broomfield, CO 80021 303-404-1800 f p/ `................ .......... a ............ ...... "a"m IMF af .... ........;; Me/ 011 mo..*�,mo//PR .... .......... Mj "A "jx OR o wm/ Allmoolell1well,111"l, ey'; Alf", A/, jam 7 f,P/ W�w A)k� ......... ... "Whor/1", V A ffff .............. 0", MR, .. ......... �wmrw .......... .................. 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WROFF", of .. ............ ....... .. . ........ ........... ........... �o MW ��///////m........./,// ................ .......... MR, Pool", 'bloallvit ro, Aw 00/0- ........... ........./// /�. ........ ................ MM' .............. .......... A*rm., ............ ................................................. ........... ................................... .............. ........... INN, ............ .................................... ................................ .................................. A/M '/p/p/po ry "AM .......... 12 Mi Him, Mo�� ............... ................ IN MOORE MAE Oil ............/ _4P, ........... III 11111111111111110 A/0 ............ ............ NO .......... ............. MI'M .......... D I ............. ......... ... ............................ --- ------------------- ........... ............ ds .......... vdidd/PPF -40 ............. Em ........... IN . . .............. .......... Pill Town of Vail Attn:Tom Kassmel 75 S. Frontage Road Vail, CO 81657 May 21, 2019 Re: East Vail Residential ParkingAnalysis—Affordable Housing Apartments Vail, Colorado Purpose: This memorandum was developed to give a recommendation forthe afforclablehousing apartments being proposed as part of Triumph's East Vail Residential development project. The recommendation is based upon two methodologies. • Institute of Transportation Engineers'(ITE) parking demand data • Local parking rates at comparable apartment complexes National Parking Rate: The Institute of Transportation Engineers' Parking Generation ManuaP states that the average peak period parking demand for a mid-rise apartment (Land Use #221) is 1.31 vehicles per dwelling unit. The statistic is given based upon the 95 1h Percent Conf idence Interval for a nationwide study of 73 apartment complexes. The 95 1h Percent Confidence Interval indicates that there is a 95% likelihood that the parking demand will fall within 1.26 to 1.36 parking spaces per unit. These rates were taken in general urban/suburban multifamily complexes throughoutthe United States. These complexes do not necessarily have the same access to transit,employee workforce, and restricted workplace parking that the East Vail Residential residents will likely experience. The Parking Generation Manualdoes not specifythe number of bedrooms for the multifamily units, but given the broad range of studies, it is anticipated that the individual studies contained a mix of 1, 2, and 3-bedroom units. The statistical analysis on this data set is considered good with a low coefficient of variation of 17%. Observed Local Parking Rate: As stated in the Parking Generation Manual, "The quality and quantity of parking demand data vary significantly by land use code. The Parking Generation Manual should be considered only the beginning point of information to be used in estimating parking demand. Local conditions and area type can inf luence parking demand. The wide array of data in the manual blends many site conditions and may not best ref lecta particular local condition. Therefore,a surveyof a site in a comparable local condition should always be considered as one potential means to estimate parking demand." Therefore, local data provides a more accurate representation of parking for Vail's local workforce housing.The Lions Ridge and Timber Ridge Apartments in Vail have similar characteristics to the proposed residential apartments. They primarily serve work force housing, have similar amenities, and have direct access to Vail's transit system. The site is located within walking and bus proximity to recreation and ',Parking Generation Manual, 5 1h Edition, Institute of Transportation Engineers,2019 OWELL ENG I NEE R1 NGu'(" RTATMN EkOPNEERUNIM CUNSULTANTS EAGLE BROO CDQWEL,LENG.COM MFIELD GRANDJ amenities. Residents of both properties typically have restricted workplace parking. The East Vail Residential development is proposing to have managed parking, like the Lions Ridge and Timber Ridge Apartments. Theclesign team performed observations at the comparable Lions Ridge and Timber Ridge Apartments on Thursday, February 28 and Friday, March 1, 2019. The data collection included the total number of parking spaces and number of parked cars. It snowed overnight on February 28, therefore there was evidence of vehicles that had been parked onsite overnight but had been moved before7:15am. These vehicles are included in the overnight count data. Observed Parking' Name Units Parking Spaces Evening Overnight (clu) 3/1/2019@ 2/28/19@ 6:15pm 7:15arr? Cars Parked 153 189 Evidence of Overnight Parking N/A 33 Timber Ridge and Lions Open Spaces 94 25 Ridge Apartments 210 Total Parking Spaces 247 247 Vail,CO Total Parking Spaces Per Unit 1.18 Observed Parking Rate per Unit 0.73 1.06 'Data was collected onsite February28 and March 1,2019. 21t snowed overnight. Therefore,several spaces had evidence of cars parked overnight that had left bef ore the 7:15arn data collection. The observed parking rate was 0.73 vehicles per unit in the evening and 1.06 vehicles per unit overnight. Overall, it was observed that the Timber Ridge and Lions Ridge Apartments have excess parking,as not all the available spaces were utilized overnight. Proposed Parking Rate: The parking rate for this facility is best determined by using local parking data. Triumph Development is proposing to provide 44 parking spaces f or 42 affordable housing apartments. This equates to a parking rate of 1.05 per unit. This rate has an insignificant difference to the observed Timber Ridge and Lions Ridge parking demand of 1.06. Therefore,with proper parking management, it is anticipated that a parking rate of 1.05 spaces per unit will be adequate for the proposed workforce housing facility. Please call if you would like any additional information or have any questions regarding this matter. Sincerely, McDowell Engineering, LLC K �/M E, PTOE TrafficEngineer DOWELL 2 Z N G I N E ERI N Gu-c "fkAWSPARTATMINI ENONCORING CON004TANIS % EAGLE BROOMFIELD GRAND eve o �rne�at A cat o�n WIN East Vai I Workforce Housing Subdivision Eagle County, Colorado prepa-edfor: Triumph Development 12 Vail Road,Suite 700,Vail,CO 81657 prepa-edby: Western Ecological Resource, Inc. 711 Walnut Street,Boulder,CO 80302 May 2019 Environmental Impact Report East Vall Workfo�rce Housing Subdivision Eagle County, Colorado Signature Page prepared for.- Triumph Development 12 Vail Road, Suite 700�,Vail, CO 81657 preparedby: David Johnson, Pre�ident Western Ecological Resource, Inc. 711 Walnut Street, Boulder, CO 80302 May 2019 Table of Contents Section/Title EaLe 1.0 Introduction..................................................................................................................................1 2.0 Existing Environment.....................................................................................................................1 2.1 Hydrology.................................................................................................................................1 2.1.1 SurfaceWater.....................................................................................................................1 2.1.2 Groundwater......................................................................................................................1 2.2 Atmospheric Condition..............................................................................................................1 2.3 Geology& Hazards...................................................................................................................2 2.3.1 Geology..............................................................................................................................2 2.3.2 Geologic Hazards...............................................................................................................3 2.4 Soils...........................................................................................................................................3 2.5 Vegetation Resources................................................................................................................4 2.5.1 Vegetation Types................................................................................................................4 2.5.2 Federally Listed& Species of Concern................................................................................4 2.6 Wildlife Resources.....................................................................................................................5 2.6.1 Habitats Presentand ProjectSetting....................................................................................5 2.6.2 Focal Wildlife Species of Concern......................................................................................6 2.6.3 Other Wildlife Groups......................................................................................................12 2.7 Noise.......................................................................................................................................16 2.8 Odors......................................................................................................................................17 2.9 Visual Resources.....................................................................................................................17 2.10 Land Use...............................................................................................................................17 2.11 Access& Transportation........................................................................................................17 2.12 Population.............................................................................................................................17 3.0 Proposed Project.........................................................................................................................17 3.1 Buildings & Parking.................................................................................................................17 3.2 Natural Area Preservation........................................................................................................17 3.3 Access& Traf f i c......................................................................................................................17 3.4 Utilities....................................................................................................................................18 3.5 Bus Station...............................................................................................................................18 3.6 Drainage Plan..........................................................................................................................18 4.0 Impacts& Mitigation...................................................................................................................18 4.1 Hydrology...............................................................................................................................18 4.1.1 SurfaceWater...................................................................................................................18 4.1.2 Groundwater....................................................................................................................18 4.2 Atmospheric Condition............................................................................................................18 4.3 Geology& Hazards.................................................................................................................18 4.3.1 Rockfall & Debris Flow.....................................................................................................18 4.3.2 Existing Landslide.............................................................................................................19 4.4 Soils.........................................................................................................................................19 4.5 Vegetation Resources..............................................................................................................20 4.5.1 Vegetation Types..............................................................................................................20 4.5.2 Wetlands...........................................................................................................................20 4.6 Wildlife Resources...................................................................................................................20 4.6.1 Focal Wildlife Species of Concern....................................................................................22 4.6.2 Other Wildlife Species and Groups...................................................................................24 4.7 Noise.......................................................................................................................................25 4.8 Odors......................................................................................................................................25 4.9 Visual Resources.....................................................................................................................25 4.10 Land Use...............................................................................................................................25 4.11 Access& Transportation........................................................................................................25 Table of Contents (continued) Section/Title EaLe 4.12 Population.............................................................................................................................26 5.0 Cumulative& Long-term Effects and Irreversible Environmental Changes...................................27 5.1 Hydrology...............................................................................................................................27 5.1.1 SurfaceWater...................................................................................................................27 5.1.2 Groundwater....................................................................................................................27 5.2 Atmospheric Condition............................................................................................................27 5.3 Geology& Hazards.................................................................................................................27 5.4 Soils.........................................................................................................................................27 5.5 Vegetation Resources..............................................................................................................27 5.5.1 Vegetation Types..............................................................................................................27 5.5.2 Wetlands...........................................................................................................................27 5.6 Wildlife Resources...................................................................................................................27 5.7 Noise.......................................................................................................................................28 5.8 Odors......................................................................................................................................28 5.9 Visual Resources.....................................................................................................................28 5.10 Land Use...............................................................................................................................28 5.11 Access& Transportation........................................................................................................28 5.12 Population.............................................................................................................................28 6.0 Figures.........................................................................................................................................29 7.0 References...................................................................................................................................46 AppenclixA.Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment Correspondence— Background Estimates for A ir Pollution in Project Site..............................................................................A-I-A2 Appendix B. I P aC Resource L i st................................................................................................ 131-1310 List of Figures Number/Title EaLe Figure 1. Project Location Map..........................................................................................................30 Figure 2. Aerial View of Project Site..................................................................................................31 Figure3. Wetland Map......................................................................................................................32 Figure4. Geology Map......................................................................................................................33 Figure 5. Official Rockfall Hazard Map.............................................................................................35 Figure 6. Potential Debris Flow Channels..........................................................................................36 Figure7. Landslide Map....................................................................................................................37 Figure 8. Important bighorn sheep seasonal ranges in the vicinityof the East Vail parcel..................38 Figure 9. Active peregrine falcon nesting cliff complex and surrounding 0.5-mile buffer...................39 Figure 10. Elk winterrange in the vicinityof the EastVail parcel.......................................................40 Figure 11. Black bearsummer concentration area and human/bear conflictarea).............................41 Figure 12. Proposed DevelopmentPlan ............................................................................................42 Figure 13. Typical Sections— Rockfall Barrier...................................................................................43 Figure 14. Wildlife habitats affected on and adjacentto the 5.4-acre EastVail parcel........................44 Figure 15. Bighorn Sheep Winter Range Enhancement.....................................................................45 Listof Tables Number/Title EaLe Table 1. AmbientA irConcentration Estimates....................................................................................2 Table2. Federally listed and proposed animal speciesthat may be affected bythe EastVail Workforce Housingproject.........................................................................................................................12 Table3. USFS sensitive animal speciesthat occur on the WRNF and the rationalefor potential project effects relatedto the EastVail Workforce Housing project.........................................................13 Table4. Proposed EastVail Residential Trip Generation Analysis.....................................................26 Table5. Population Projection..........................................................................................................26 Technical Reports and Supporting Documents Used to Prepare the E I R TR-1. Preliminary Subsurface Exploration, EastVail Housing RockMitigation and Geotechnical Study Prepared by William H. Koechlein,P.E.,Senior Consultant,Cesare,Inc., 7108 South Alton Way, Building B, Centennial,CO 80112, November 14, 2018. TR-2. Rockfal I Hazard Study,East Vai I Parcel Prepared by Julia M. Frazier, P.G., Senior Geologist, Cesare, Inc., 7108 South Alton Way, Building B, Centennial,CO 80112, June 19, 2017. TR-3. EastVail Parcel Geologic Hazard Analysis— Reviewof Updated Site Plan Prepared byJulia M. Frazier, P.G., Owner,Skyline Geoscience,Golden, CO, May 24, 2019. TR-4. Wetland Delineation Report,EastVail Workforce Subdivision Prepared by Heather Houston, Owner,Birch Ecology, LLC,429 Main Street, Lyons,CO 80540, February 2019. TR-5. Wi Idl ife Monitoring Reportfor the East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel Prepared by Richard W. Thompson, Certified Wi Idlife B iologist,Western Ecosystems,Inc., 905 West Coach Road, Boulder,CO 80302,August 2018. TR-6. East Vai I Peregrines — 2018 Nesti ng Attemptto D ate Prepared by R ichard W. Thompson, Certified Wi Idl if e B iologist,Western Ecosystems,I nc., 905 West Coach Road, Boulder, CO 80302,June 18, 2018. TR-7. Booth Heights Neighborhood at the East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision— Architectural Plans Prepared by Triumph Development,12 Vail Road,Suite 700,Vail, CO 81657, June 10, 2019. TR-8. EastVail Housing— Civil Plans Prepared byAlpine Engineering, Inc., 34510 Hwy 6, Unit A9, PO Box 97, Edwards,CO 81632, February 21, 2019. Revised May 22, 2019. TR-9. Transportation Impact Study for Triumph Development's East Vai I Residential Prepared by Karij. McDowellSchroecler, PE, PTOE,McDowellEngineering,LLC,PO Box 4259, Eagle, CO 8163 1, February 14, 2019. Revised May 21, 2019. TR-10. Wildlife Mitigation Plan for the East Vai I Workforce Housing Project Prepared by Richard W. Thompson, Certified Wildlife Biologist,Western Ecosystems,Inc., 905 West Coach Road, Boulder,CO 80302, May 2019. 1.0 Introduction Triumph Deve I opment hasp I ans to cleve I op a subdivision on a triangu I ar-shaped undeve I oped 23.3- acre I and parce I I ocated immediately north of the East Vai I Interstate 70(1-70)1 nterchangein the town of Vai I, Co I orado. The project purpose is to build anew mu It i-f am ilycommunity and preserve and enhance wildl if ewinter range. The East Vai I Workforce Subdivision would be developed on 5.4 acres on thew est end of the parce I,which is zoned H for Housing. The 17.9 acres to the east,which is zoned NAP (Natural Area Preservation), would be preserved and enhanced for wildlife The triangular-shaped project site is bordered by the White River National Forest(WR N F)to the north and east. Fall Line Driveand North Frontage Road form the southern boundary. A retaining wall with wooden beams extends along a portion of the southern project boundary. The Pitkin Creek Tow nhomes are located near the southeast corner of the project site. Specifically,the project is located in the southeast 1/4 of Section 2, Township 4 South, Range 80 West of the 6th P.M. See Figures 1 and 2. The 23.3-acre undeveloped project site is located on a south-facing slope that ranges in elevation from a low of 8374 feeton the westend to a high of 8940 on the northeast end of the site. The site has slopes that range from 7 to over 45 degrees. However,the slope of the proposed development area is less than 30 degrees. The elevations of the proposed development area on the west end of the project site range from a low of 8374 feetto a high of 8532 feet. This Environmental Impact Report (EIR), as per Town of Vail's Chapter 12 Environmental Impact Report Guidelines, describes the existing environment of the project site, presents details of the proposed development plan, evaluates potential impacts and mitigation,and assesses cumulative, long-term and irreversible environmental change associated with the proposed development. Numerous technical reports preparedforthe proposed development were used to preparethe various sections of this EIR. These reports are referenced in the text and are available as separateattachments to this document. 2.0 Existing Environment 2.1 Hydrology 2.1.1 SurfaceWater The west end of the project site is bisected by a 2-footw ide and 68-foot long ephemeral stream which conveys snow melt and stormwater runoff to a 24-inch culvert located south of the project boundary. This culvert conveys the watersouth toward Gore Creek. See Figure 3. The perennial Pitkin Creek is locatedin an incised drainage east of the project site and the perennial Booth Creek is locatedin a drainage w estof the project site. SeeFigurel. The area upslope of the development parcel contains a networkof erosional drainage channels that convey waterf rom snow meltand precipitation events toward the project site. SeeFigure6. 2.1.2 Groundwater Cesare, Inc. (2018) excavated nine exploratory pits up to 10 f eet deep throughout the development area of the project site. None of the pits encountered groundwater. See Technical Report 1 JR-1). However,soi I saturation is present near the surface in a small wetland seep located along the east boundary of the development parcel. See Figure 3. 2.2 Atmospheric Condition The Colorado Departmentof Public Health and Environment(CID PHE)provided data on the estimated ambient air concentrations of six air pollutants for the East Vail Workforce Subdivision project site (Chick,2018). See Table 1. Please note, local air monitoring data do not exist for Vail, Colorado; therefore, Ms.Chickdeveloped bestestimates forthe general geographic area using available CIDPHE data. The analysis concludes that the estimated levels of carbon monoxide, ozone, sulfur dioxide, 1 nitrogen dioxide, particulate matter, and lead are below state and federal standards for these pollutants forthe area of the project site. The undeveloped project site does not generate any gaseous or particulate pollutants. See Appendix A. Table 1. AmbientAir Concentration Estimates East Vail Workforce Subdivision, Vai I,Colorado Pollutant Averaging Time Standard Estimate D ataSource Carbon Monoxide(CO) 1 Hour Second 35 ppm 2 ppm Grand Junction, Maximum 2015 - 2017 8 Hour Second 9 ppm 1 ppm Maximum Ozone(03) 8 Hour Fourth 0.070 ppm 0.064 ppm Glenwood Springs, Maximum Feb- Dec 2015 Sulfur Dioxide(S02) 1 Hour q9th 0.075 ppm 0.012 ppm RM Steel Print Shop, Percentile Pueblo,2013 - 2015 3 Hour Second 0.05 ppm 0.008 ppm Maximum Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2) AnnualMean 0.053 ppm 0.005 ppm Glenwood Springs, Feb- Dec 2015 1 Hour 98 th 0.100 ppm 0.0333 ppm Percentile Particulate Matter Less 24 Hour Second 150 ug/m' 40 ug/m' Glenwood Springs, Than 10 Microns(PM10) Maximum Feb- Dec 2015 Particulate Matter Less AnnualMean 12.0 ug/ml 5 ug/m' Glenwood Springs, Than 2.5 Microns (PM2.5) Feb- Dec 2015 24 Hour 98 th 35 ug/m' 13 ug/m' Percentile Lead Rolling 3-Month 0.15 ug/ml 0.006 ug/ml DenverMunicipal Average Animal Shelter, 2009 Data provided by Nancy Chic�, Environmental Protection Specialist, Air Pollution Control Division, Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment. See AppenclixA. 2.3 Geology& Hazards Cesare, Inc. (2017) describes the geology and geologic hazards of the project site in the Rockfall Hazard Study, East Vail Parcel, which is appended to this report. Skyline Geoscience's Geologic Hazard Analysis (2019) also documents the geology and the geologic hazards. The geology and geologic hazards described below are taken from these reports. See TR-2 and TR-3. 2.3.1 Geology The site is underlain by surficial units comprised of artificial fill, colluvium, landslide deposits,and till of the Pinedale glaciation. See Figure4. The artificial fill is associated withthe constructionof Fall Line Drive along the southern project boundary. The bedrock underlying with site is mappeclas the Minturn Formation (Kellogg and others, 2003; Kellogg and others, 2011). Landslide deposits cover most of the central portion of the project site, and colluvium occurs along the north project boundary. The westernend of the project site where development would occur is characterized by the LowerMember of the Minturn Formation and includes conglomerate,sandstone,siltstone,shale, and may contain granite. The eastern end of the project site is characterized by the Robinson LimestoneMember of the Minturn Formation, which is comprised of marine limestoneand dolomitic limestone. 2 2.3.2 Geologic Hazards The Town of Vai I's official Rockfal I Hazard Map (Figure 5) shows that a I I of the projects ite is mapped as a High Severity Rockfal I Zone. Vai I's official Debris Flow Hazard Map identifies debris flows in the townof Vail,but not on the projectsite. How ever,the geologic hazards addressed intheGeologic Hazard Analysis (Skyline Geoscience, 2019; TR-3) include debris flow5 rockfall, and an existing landslide on the project site. Cesare(2017) states that rock outcrops,a rockfall source zone, occur upslopeof the projectsiteand have the potential to impact the site and the proposed development. The stability of the rock mass is generally influenced by the underlying support provided by the rock mass and the structural nature of the rock, including the orientation and spacing of discontinuities. After a rock dislocates from a rock mass,the controlling factors for how far the rock will travel clownslope include characteristics of the falling rock (composition,size and shape),characteristics of the slope(form,length and angle), thepresenceor absenceof obstructionson theslope, andthe heightofthe initialfall. Therocks exposed upslope of the project site contain fractures and thin layersof siltstoneand shale. Astime passes,cracks can be enlarged by w eatheri ngof the rock,accumulation of soi I and vegetation growth, and the forces associated w ithfreeze-thaw ingof moisture w ithinthe cracks. According to Skyline Geoscience(2019), there is the potential for debris f lowsat the site. Reviewof a detailed terrain surface derived from the LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and of aerial photographs of the project site and surrounding area indicates the potential for debris flows. Incised channels with seasonal flow ingwaterare present on the westside of the site(the development area) and on the slopes above, are evidence of active erosive processes. An intense, prolonged precipitation event or rapid snow melt has the potential to trigger a fast-moving, hyper-concentrated debris flow. Modifications to the existing natural condition my increasethe debris flow susceptibility. See Figure 6. Landslide deposits in the area occur on unstable slopes typically underlain by Minturn Formation shale, siltstone, claystone, or glacial till, and are largely considered inactive. Cesare mapped the extent of a large landslide which originates upslope of the project site and encompasses most of the eastern portion of the project site, but does not extend into the development area. See Figure 7. The Gore fault,located about 500 feet northeast of the project, is not considered to be active. See Figure 4. 2.4 Soi Is Soils atthe project area have not been mapped by eitherthe U.S. ForestService(USFS) nor the Natural Resource Conservation Service. Three soils onsite were described to about 20 inches in depth for the wetland delineation which was conducted on October 24, 2017. The upper horizons of these soils were dark colored (organic rich), f ine-loamy, probably deep, and formed from slope alluvium and colluvium derived from sedimentary rocks. The Millerlake soil,which has been mapped by the USFS nearby at Vail Mountain Resort, matches the soils on the project site. The Millerlake soil commonly supports aspen stands,much like those on the project site. The Mi Ilerlakesoi I belongs to the f ine-loamy,mixed,superactive, PachicArgicryolls f ami ly. Itisvery deep (greater than 60 inches), well drained, and formed from slope alluvium derived from sedimentary rocks. Runoff is medium to rapid, permeability is moderately slow,and available water holding capacity is moderate. Typically,the surface layers are very dark or dark brown loam and clay loam at least 16 inches thick, and below that is clay loam and loam. In the project area,the soils likely have some rocks in the deeper profile. 3 2.5 Vegetation Resources 2.5.1 Vegetation Types The project site is characterized by an Aspen Forest (Populus tramuloides)with a variable density of aspen and twosmall wetlands. Aspen Forest. TheAspen Forest is classified as a Quaking Aspen/Saskatoon Serviceberry—Mountain Snowberry / California Brome (Populus tramuloides lAmelanchier alnifolia — 5ymohoricarpos oreophilusl9romuscarinatts)Forest(NatureServe,2019). The aspen trees in the area of the landslide (Figure 7) have been impacted by Sudden Aspen Decline (SAD) and thus, there is considerable standing dead as well as trees on the ground. The Aspen Forest in the area of the proposed development has not been impacted by SAD. The aspen trees in this area are young, healthy and dense. See Figure 2. The woody understory vegetation in this habitat type is typically characterized by serviceberry, snowberry,and chokecherry (Prunusv1rg1n1ana) Other shrubs observed include mountain maple (Acerglabrum),mountain big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentate var. vaseyana), mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus Montanus), and common juniper Yunioaruscommutisssp.alp�m). Elimination of the overstory trees due to SAD and perhapssome management activities thatcut aspen has resulted in an increase in the cover of the shrubs and herbaceous species. The understory shrubs have been heavily grazed by bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis). Common herbaceous grasses in th is habitat type include California brome, blue wildrye(Elymusglaucus),slencler wheatgrass WymuMachycaulus), and Kentucky bluegrass (Poapratansis). Characteristic forbs include meadowrue (Thalictrom fenderii), geranium (Geranium viscoissimum), sweetcicely (Osmorhizae berteroi), fireweed (Chomerion angustifolia), American vetch (Vicia Americana), little sunflower(Heliantella uniforma), and peavine (Zathyrossp.). Wetlands. Asillustrated by Figure 3, there are two small wetlandson the projectsite. The eroded channel of the 2-foot wide ephemeral stream, which bisects 68 linear feetof the westend of the projectsite, is classifieclas a wetland. This wetlanclextends south offthe project site for 24 linear feet to a culvert which diverts w atersouth and under 1-70 toward Gore Creek. However,thereis little wetland vegetation along the creek channel. A 705ft2woody wetland occurs along the east side of the development parcel. However,only 377 ft2 of this wetlanc occurs in the development area. Major plants in the wetland include willows (5alixbobbiana, 5. scouleriana), dogwood (Cornus sericea)ancl honeysuckle (EVstegia involucrala). The herbaceous understory includes a sparsecover of beaked sedge (Carexulriculala), cow parsnip (Heracleumsphondyliumssp. montanurl), and monkshood (AconAumcolumbianum)(Birch Ecology,2019 — TR-4). 2.5.2 Federally Listed& Species of Concern The U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS, 2019) Information for Planning & Conservation (IPaC) website identif ied Ute ladies' tresses orchid (5piranthes diluvialis)classified as a Threatened plant, as potential lypresent in the project region. SeeAppendixB. The Ute ladies'tresses orchid is endemic to moist soils in mesic or wet meadows near springs, lakes, or perennial streams (USFWS, 1995; Jennings, 1990). In Colorado,the elevational range of known Ute ladies'tresses orchid populations is between 4,528 and 7,753 feet (CNHP, 2017). This orchid prefers sites with permanent sub- irrigation such as f loodplainswherethe watertable is near the surface throughout the growingseason and into the late summer or early autumn (USFWS, 1995; Jennings, 1990). The orchid frequently colonizes early-successional riparian habitats including point bars,sand bars,and low lying gravelly, sandy,or cobbly edges. These preferred habitat characteristics suggest that this species requires early to mid-seral riparian habitats created and maintained by streams active within their floodplains (USFWS, 1995). This plant has been documented as present in Garfield and Eagle Counties (near Carbondale). The project site is elevationally abovethe range of this plant, and furthermore,the projectsitedoes not provide suitable habitat for this plant. 4 Harrington penstemon,a species listed as sensitive by the Bureau of Land Management, is a species of concern in Eagle County. This herbaceous perennial plant occurs primarily in open stands of big sagebrush,or less commonly in pinyon-juniper (Pinusedu/is/uniper'usscopu/or'um)woodlands or mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus)shrublands at elevations between 6,800-9,200 feet. Within the sagebrush shrubland, Harrington penstemon is often present on windsweptridgetop habitats with an open shrub layer and reduced vegetative cover. There are known populations of Harrington penstemon in Eagle, Garfield,Grand, Pitkin, Routt,and Summit Counties(Spackman,et al., 1997). There are populations of Harrington penstemon in the Eagle River Valley from as far east as Avon. How ever,the aspen community on the project site does not provide habitat for this plant. 2.6 Wildlife Resources 2.6.1 Habitats Presentand Project Setting 2.6.1.1 Habitats Present The south-facing,23.3-acre,East VaiI parcel consists of several sera stages of an aspen and mountain shrub community. The 5.4-acre development area is dominated by relatively young, pole-stage(30- 35 ft. tall) aspen with a mountain shrub (largely chokecherry and serviceberry) understory. A moderate gradient ephemeral stream bisects the western end of the parcel. The 17.9-acre NAP portion of the parcel supports a 14.0-acre, over mature mountain shrub community with sparse sapling aspens and a moderately dense graminoid and herbaceous understory,along w ith a 3.9-acre, over mature, but regenerating aspen stand with a dense chokecherry understory. Circa 1998, there was some undocumented management efforton a portion of the NAP parcel's now mountain shrub community in responseto the mortalityof the former mature aspen stand. Jackstrawed aspen remain on the ground covering a moderate portion of the open space. 2.6.1.2 Characteristics Currently ReducingWildlife Effectiveness on the East Vail Parcel Some w ildlifespecies using the 5.4-acre development parcel are negatively affected by existing levels of surrounding development and human activity. The follow ingconditions affect current on-site and off-site wildlife use and will limit, to some extent,the additional, negative,potential development effects to wildlife. 1-70, North Frontage Road and Fall Line Drive The parcel's southern boundary is located as close as 122 feetfrom the westbound lanes of 1-70,one of the major ground transportation corridors across the United States. Locally, 1-70 consists of two westboundand two eastbound lanes with posted 65 mph speed limit and supporting an average daily traffic volume of 26,000 vehicles(2017).' The East VaiI Interchange and thew estbouncl on and off ramps are located on the opposite side of North Frontage Road from the parcel. There is virtually no location on the parcel wherethe sights and sounds of 1-70 use are non-discernable24/7/365. The current average daily traffic volume on the North Frontage Road is approximately 2,200 vehicles per day (vpd) (K. McDowell Schroeder, McDowell Engineering, pers. comm. May 23, 2019) that are greatestduring dawn through dusk. Most local wildlifehave adapted to this relatively benign and predictable activity. The most acute North Frontage Road and Fall Line Drive traffic effects on wildlife are the harassment effects to bighorn sheep that occur when motorists stop to view sheep when they are close to or on the road. Human Recreation There is a level of daily recreational use that occurs along North Frontage Road and Fall Line Drive, some of which extends into the proposed development area,generally via the Booth Creek rockfall berm road and buried electric line corridor. Uses, in order of decreasing frequency, include dog- walking,hiking,jogging, biking,motorcycle riding, and transients camping. This unauthorized use of the parcel occurs year-round, but is greatest from spring through fall when not curtailed by ' CDOT Station 103028, monitoring traffic betweenthe Vail and East Vail interchanges. Datafrom the CDOTwebsite (http://dtdapps.coloradodot.info/otis/TrafficData#ui/2/l/l/station/l03028/criteria/070A/175/181/true/true/) accessed Jan. 23, 2019. 5 excessive snow depths. Year-round, low to moderate numbers of primarily hikers also pass by the parcel's eastern f lankon the Pitkin Creek Trail extending into the Eagles Nest Wilderness. Fire Suppression and Habitat Deterioration The East Vail parcel is located within an approximate 1,800-acre polygon of bighorn sheep winter range that extends along the south-facing slopes,north of 1-70. Overthe last 20-30 years,aspen forest has encroached onto the EastVail parcel,as it has elsewherein the local area. While mature aspen stands supportsome of the highest wildlifediversityvalues of any local vegetation type,they provide poor quality w interrange for the local bighorn sheep herd, which has declined in number over that same time period. Sheep also consider forest stands as restrictions due to their need to visually observe the landscape for predators (e.g., bears, coyotes, mountain lions, dogs, etc.; USFS, 1998). Mature aspen stands havedied and fallen, creatingjackstrawed deposits of logs that restrictand block sheep and elk movements through thew inter range. Lastly,mountain shrubs have become decadent and much of their nutritious foliage has grown out of the reach of winteringungulates. In 1998, the CDOWand USFS recognized thattherewasan i ncreasi nglyl i mited amount of accessi b le w interforage(quality and quantity)and nearby escapeterrain for sheep in the vicinityof project area (USFS, 1998). By suppressing wildfireson this winter range,the aspen and shrub components had become over mature and in need of vegetative treatment. The USFS (1998) proposed a habitat enhancement plan whose specific purposeswereto(1) createa movement corridor(through downed aspen)for the bighorn sheep to be able to travel from Pitkin Creek west to Spraddle Creek,(2) reduce the fuel loading to lessen the risk of wildfire,(3) regenerate shrub land and aspen stands that were over mature, and (4) improve the quantity and quality of forage(shrubs, grass, forbs)for big game (sheep, elk, and mule deer). What is now the East Vail parcel was one of the USFS's proposed treatmentareas. In 1998, the sheep population wasestimated at approximately 125 animals (USFS, 1998). Without implementation of the habitat enhancement plan, the USFS (1998) predicted that aspen stands would continue to age,disease and insect infestations would increase,and the stands would die. Dead and down timber would further restrict big game movements tow interforaging areas and escapeterrain. The aspen and aged shrub communities would not regenerate. The shrub component (vital for wintering ungulates)would continue to mature,die, and be replaced by grasses and forbs. Grass/forb communities that are covered by deep snow are largely unavailable tow interingungulates. Lastly,the USFS (1998) predicted that w ithoutenhancement there would be fewerbighorn sheep as a result of continued habitat degradation. The enhancement project wasapproved,but not implemented because of community oppositionto the use of fire(B. Andree, CPW,Jan. 23, 2018). Although there have been twosmall scale habitat enhancement projects below the Booth Creek cliffs and on the East Vail parcel, the overall sheep winterrange has deterioratedaspredicted. Over the2017-2018 winter,Thompson (2018c) detected a total of 41 sheep largely confined to a small non-forested subset of their former winter range. Availability of effective winterrange is arguablythe greatest threatto the EastVail sheep herd. 2.6.2 Focal Wildlife Species of Concern 2.6.2.1 Bighorn Sheep Colorado Parks and Wildlife Seasonal Range Mapping Figure 8 show sthe important bighorn sheep seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the EastVai I parcel. Bighorn sheep w interrange and severe interrange cover the same area and overlap most(±75%)of the parcel. Winterrange is that part of the overall range w here90% of the individuals are located during the average five winters out often, from the first heavy snowfallto spring green- up. Colorado Parks and Wildlife has not defined thew inter range period for this herd. Based on CPW's generic definition and considering winter range dates for other big game species, average sheep winter range occupancy could be defined, on average, as November 15 to April 15 (dates inclusive). Sheep are presenton portions of their w i nterrange(i.e.,below the Booth Creek cliffs) outside this period because of illegally-placed salt and mineral blocks. 6 Severe winter range(SWR) is that part of the winter range where 90% of the individual animals are located whenthe annual snow pack is at its maximum and/or temperatures are at a minimum in the two worst winters out often. The amounts, quality, and effectiveness of winterrange are generally what limit big game populations. For example, "much this this sheep herd was killed off"during severe winter conditions in 2007-2008 (B. Andree, CPW,Vail DWM, pers. comm., Jan. 18, 2018) and the herd has been unableto rebound from that winter die-off(Andree, 2017). The sheep winter range and SWR polygon boundaries are not accurate. In the spirit of the mapping,the polygons were likely intended to extend southeast to the treeline along Pitkin Creek and down to the north side of North Frontage Road. This would include most, if not all, of the East VaiI parcel,although,based on the winter sheep study (Thompson, 2018c), only 0.25 acres of the parcel were used for winter foraging. There is no I-70 game fencing in the vicinity of the parcel. Sheep likely used the habitat in what is now the Booth Creek residential area as winter range. Sheep no longer enter the interior of that development and only use peripheral areas when no people are initially present. The winter range and SWR polygons are approximately 1,800 acres and extend westfrom Pitkin Creek along the north side of I-70 nearly to I-70's Vail exit. This is the only sheep winterrange polygon mapped on either side of the Gore Range. Two Booth Creek homes located 107 and 177 feet below the rockfall berm that is heavily used by sheep in winter give some indication of sheep tolerance of nearby residences. Winter concentration area (WCA)is a subset of the winterrange where animal densities are at least 200% greater than the surrounding w inter range density during the same period used to definethe winterrange, in the average f ive w inters out of ten. Two WCA polygons occur withinthe winter range,neither overlapping the East VaiI parcel,but habitat effectiveness of the nearest polygon could be influenced by residential development and habitation on the parcel. Bighorn sheep production area is where sheep Iamb. Production areas are defined as that part of the overall range occupied by pregnant femalesduring a specific time period in the spring(May 1 to June 30). The polygon occurs above the Booth Creek cliffs, extends 1.6 miles to the north, and is topographically buffered from residential Booth Creek development below. Based onewesselecting cliff-like terrain inaccessible to terrestrial predators, it is unlikely that any of the forestedterrain shown in Figure 8 is actually used for lambing and most lambing likely occurs farther up the Booth Creek drainage. The effectiveness of production areas could be affected by f ree-rangi ng dogs and recreation. A bighorn sheep migration pattern is a subjective indication of the general direction taken by migratory ungulate herds. In the study area, bighorns move downhill on the ridge between Pitkin and Booth Creeks during fall towards their winter range, then move uphill and follow this same general route in springto their alpine summer range. The bighorn mineral lick shown in CPW mapping(not shown in Figure 8) is defined as a natural site knownto be utilized by bighorn sheep for obtaining minerals to meet basic nutritional needs. That lick wasmapped in the wrong location. There are two licks (unknown if natural or otherwise)at the top of the rockfall berm cut slope that have been so deeply excavated by the sheep that large rocks forming the tops of the shallow caves are inevitably going to fall. Up to three sheep have been observed under the rocks at one time (Jun1418). If there are sheep under the rocks when they fall they will be killed. Three females in a herd of 41 are important. The Townof Vail (TOV) and CPW are awarethat the rocks should come down beforethey kill sheep and they plan to actw hen it is safe to do so. There are also mineral and salt blocksthat have been illegally deposited by well-meaning 2 This is a much larger acreage of winterrange compared to the approximate 573 acres of winterrange mapped by the CDOW in 1995 (CDOW mapping,Sep. 1995) and the <500 acre estimate provided by USFS (1998, p. 1-5), (1) when the entire winterrange polygon wascontained betweenPitkin and Booth Creeks,but wherean additional 900 acres of habitat to the westwas considered suitable,but unreachable due to dead/downaspen that the sheep would not cross, (2) when the sheep herd was near its peak size of 125 animals (USFS 1998), and (3) shortly before the CDOW and USFS proposed enhancement of approximately 800 acres of winter range to counter fire suppression effects (USFS 1998, p. 1-4). Severe winterrange was not designated for the East Vail herd in 1995. This 1,800-acre number is an update from the 1,880-acre number used in Thompson(2017 and 2018c). It wasderived from updated sampling w here measurements ranged from 1,784 to 1,880 acres. 7 sheep enthusiasts 3 Whether natural or otherwise,such licks are particularly importantfor pregnant and lactating ewes. Results of the EastVail 2017-2018 Winter Sheep Study The full EastVail Winter Sheep Study report(Thompson, 2018c; TR-5) is summarized below. The October 13, 2017 to June 14, 2018 wildlife study was primarily designed to detect and characterize winter bighorn sheep use on and in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel. The study employed fivetrail cameras(4 on the EastVail parcel,including 3 overlook ingthe development area, and1 below the eastern Booth Creek cliff s),w i ntertracki ng,and b i nocular and spotti ngscope surveys of the 1,800-acre sheep w interrange polygon. Winter severity` affects spatial and temporal,winter,big game use patterns. Compared to the last nine years,w inter2017-2018 was below averagefor total snowfall(-35%),total snowfalldays(40%), and mean base snowfall depth (-12%), and above average for maximum base depth (+3%). Shallowerand less persistentsnow in the EastVail project area over the 2017-2018 wintershould have allowed sheep to use higher elevation habitats, more forested habitats' and a larger portion of their winter range than during average and harsher w i nters. In total, 93 sheep weredetected on (n=50 sheep on 3 days) and in the immediate vicinity(n=43 sheep on 2 days)of the 5.4-acre East VaiI development area during winter2017-2018. This includes 75 animals detected by trail cameras and 18 animals detected by observational surveys. Virtually all foraging on and in the immediate vicinity of the parcel occurred on the smooth brome cut slope above the Frontage Road, most of which is on the CDOT ROW. The south-facing cut slopes above the Frontage Road are non-forested and steeper than the aspen forest portion of the development area, resulting in shallowerdepths, less persistent snow,and more favorable foraging opportunities. Use of the aspen forest composing the majority of the parcel was limited to escape routes on two occasions. A single sheep was also detected travel Iingthrough the NAP portion of the parcel in May, outside the w interperiod. The distribution of 847 bighorn sheep sightings over the course of the study was mapped in relation to the EastVail parcel and CPW'ssheep winter range,severe w inter range,and w inter concentration area polygons. No sheep sightings were made outside of CPW's winter range polygon. That 277- acre sightingdistribution included the 625 sheep recorded by all trail cameras and 222 sheep visually observed during the study. Fifteen percent of CPW's 1,800-acre winter range polygon was used during w inter2017-2018. That distribution represents spatial subsetof overall habitatuse over the relatively mild 2017-2018 winter. That may be a function of (1) CPW's polygon reflecting many winters of sheep use, including the 1990's when the herd was at peak numbers (125 sheep, USFS, 1998; 80-100 sheep, B. Andree, CPW,2017, pers. comm.,Jan. 18, 2018), compared to the present population of 41 sheep, (2) sheep now using the highest quality habitatavailable, (3) sheep avoiding forested habitats,and (4) sheep restricted from some portions of their winter range by jackstrawed logs. Sheep were at lower elevations withintheir overall winter range polygon and used southwest and south-facingaspectsthat had the best snow-shedding characteristics,even though itwasa mild w inter. The cluster of sheep sightings and trail camera results below the Booth Creek cliffs suggests that area 3 Who are apparently unawarethat their actions are to the detriment of the herd. The sheep's attraction of the salt blocks prolong sheep use of their winterrange,well into spring and even summer,putting additional pressure on the vigor and quantity of forage that should be reserved for winter,in a landscape that has deteriorated as a result of wildf ire suppression. Concentrated,prolonged,and predictable sheep use of salt blocks may also attract mountain lions that prey on sheep. Not only might the use of salt blocks result in greater sheep predation,but it might also become necessary to kill the lions for public safety. 4 Winter severity is generally an interrelated function of snowfall(standing depths, persistence,and crust presence) and temperature. It only takes one storm withadverse conditions to present severe conditions that may kill big game. s Which support deeper and more persistent snow depths than non-forested habitats,all else being equal. 8 is the most heavily used and most important block of winterrange within the overall winterrange polygon. Four occasions of time lapse images of sheep foraging in the high quality habitat below the Booth Creek cliffs indicated that sheep appeared to select against foraging far into transitional aspen habitat. This "avoidance" behavior was more likely related to the quality,quantity,and availability offoragethan to predator detection. Environmental factors explain the greater sheep use of the high quality, mountain shrub-dominated winterrange below the Booth Creek cliffs, compared to that on the East Vail parcel. However,all sheep winterrange is important,particularly considering the amount of high quality habitats lost to human developments and aspen encroachment. The entire East Vail parcel should be considered sheep winterrange. While sheep may use various parcel habitats differently over multiple years,they can access all portions of the property,and that use contributes to the functionality of the overall winterrange. With respectto minimum herd size and composition,the maximum number of sheep observedduring the study at any one time was 39. Based on sex and age composition of sheep observed over the course of the study,the herd wascomposed of at least 10 Iambs,21 ewes,and 10 rams,totaling41 sheep. The highest number of Iambs seen at any one time was 10 on January 25 and March 14. The 2017, 10:21 lamb:eweratio(0.48%) indicates relativelyhighproductivity. There wasno detectable overw inter lamb or other sheep mortality. Coincident with June 14, 2018 peregrine monitoring,a minimum of 7 Iambs and 12 ewes were observed at the licks on the cut slope above the rockfall berm. Assuming that there was no mortality in the herd since the end of winter,the herd numbered 48 animals at that time. Based on that 2018 productivity, know ingthe minimum number of ewes in the herd, and other assumptions,the herd likely numbered at least 53 sheep at that time. The East Vail sheep herd exhibitedgood productivity in 2017 and 2018. Results of a Meeting with Colorado Parks and Wildlife A May 14, 2018 meeting was held betweenVR and CPW representatives to discuss the East Vail Workforce Housing project,afterthe sheep winterrange study (Thompson, 2018c) had ended. All biologists agreed that the issue of potential development on the 5.4-acre parcel related to sheep was not the loss of habitat on the parcel as much as the potential for impacts (i.e., displacement and reduced habitateffectiveness on nearby w inter range)from EastVail parcel residents recreating in the high quality sheep winterrange below the Booth Creek cl iffs and in the NAP area w herew i nter range enhancement is expected. Some mitigation concepts/measures were discussed along with the development of a comprehensive Wildlife Mitigation Plan that covers the entire affected wildlife community as part of the Environmental Impact Report. 2.6.2.2 Peregrine Falcon A cliffsouth of 1-70's EastVail Interchangehas been used in recent years for peregrinefalcon nesting. The cliff is located 0.36 miles from the closest point on the East Vail Parcel,on the opposite side of the Frontage Road, 1-70, East Vail Interchange on/off ramps,the East Vail Park and Ride,Vail Trail, Gore Creek, a social trail, and the East Vail Memorial Park. The nest ledge used in 2018 was approximately 600 vertical feet above the valley bottom. Colorado Parks and Wildlife's nesting area polygon is defined as the area that includes good nesting sites and contains one or more active or inactive nest locations (Figure 9). The boundaries are drawn based on professional judgment to include most known nesting habitat in the vicinity. Usually these areas are mapped as polygons around cliffs and include a 0.5-mile buffer. Viable peregrine falcon nesting sites possess two components: (1) adequate nesting habitat and (2) extensive hunting habitat withan adequate prey baseto supportthe adults and their offspring (Craig 1978). Nestingsitesarelocatedon precipitous cliffs ranginginheightfrom40to2,100feet,averaging 200 to 400 feet tall. Several ledges, potholes, or small caves must be present in the cliff face to function as a suitable nest site. A breeding pair will frequently alternatetheir nesting activities to different ledges on a cliff face betw eenyears,and they will often relocate to adjacent cliff faces. As 9 a result, protective measures must address an entire cliff complex(and potential nesting areas)rather than an individual cliff. Generally, nesting peregrines will not tolerate excessive human encroachment or prolonged disturbance in the vicinityof the nesting cliff. Any activity or development abovethe nesting cliff will likely cause abandonment. Breeding peregrines can become extremely agitated and may abandon the nestsite if disturbanceoccurs during courtship,prior to the initiation of egg laying. Once birds have eggs or young,they have a strong fidelityto their invested resources. The CDOW(2008) recognized that "some individuals within a species also habituate and tolerate human activity at a proximitythat would cause the majority of the group to abandon their nests." The East VaiI peregrines are examples of how wildlife,in general, can habituateto chronic, but benign, human activities, although residential and golf course development along the valley bottom has reduced their prey base. In Colorado, peregrines usually return to nesting cliffs in late February or early March and initiate courtship activities, which continue to mid- or late Apri I when eggs are laid. The young hatch from mid-to late May and fledge(i.e., leave the eyrie) in mid-to late June. The young and adults remain in the vicinity of the nesting cliff up to several months after fledging. Peregrine nest cliffs are, therefore,sensitiveto disturbancefrom approximately late February to late June. Extensive hunting habitat is a second key component of a viable peregrine nest site. Peregrines will frequently travel at least 10 miles from their eyrie to procure prey and they have been documented hunting up to 30 miles away from nest sites (G. Craig, CDOW, pers. comm.). It is, therefore, importantto maintainthe integrityof important hunting areas withinat least 10 miles of the nesting cliff. All habitats w ithinthe 10-mile radius need not be considered essential habitat,since only those areas that attract or support peregrine prey need be protected. The primary prey captured by nesting Colorado peregrines are small to moderately-sized birds, such as blackbirds,doves, robins,flickers, jays, nutcrackers, meadowlarks,and pigeons, but prey as large as waterfowl are also taken. Any habitat that supports or concentrates birds should be considered essential to locally nesting peregrines. Key hunting areas fall into two categories: (1) those habitats that concentrate or support important prey species,and (2) those habitats that expose prey and make them vulnerableto peregrine attack. Peregrines capture their prey through precipitous dives from considerable height above their quarry. Peregrines must, therefore,frequent habitats perm ittingthis type of pursuit. Peregrines do not hunt below the forest canopy,but capture birds flying aboveforests or across open expanses. Larger prey are raked (withtalons) or knocked out of the air and peregrines need open areas on the ground to recover them. Nesting cliffs are generally situated at considerable heights above the surrounding terrain,so peregrines have a broad panorama from favorite hunting perches near the cliff top. Annual (2011-2017, n=5 yrs.) cliff monitoring by Anne Esson (a long time Vail resident) indicated that the pair(s)successfullyfledged at least two birds during each of the fiveyears. Monitoring of the nestcliff in 2018 indicated that the nesting attempt failed approximately 19 days after incubationw as expected to have started (Thompson, 2018b; TR-6). It is unknown why the 2018 nesting attempt failed. Construction of anew sanitary waterline on the south side of I-70's East VaiI Interchange and the falcons selecting a different nest ledge on the cliff in 2018, compared to prior years,werethe only known independent variables that differed from those of past years. There could have been other common causes of the nest faiIure. Subsequent behavior of the female observed on June 14 suggested that the pair may have been in the process of a second nest attempt. However,cliff monitoring was discontinued for the 2018 season after surveys by Thompson and Esson out to July 1 fai led to detect any evidence of peregrine presence at the cliff. Monitoring of the nest cliff in 2019 detected at least one peregrineand a pair wassuspected of nestingas recentlyas May 13 (A.Esson,Vail resident,pers. comm., May 13, 2019). 10 The East Vail parcel represents largely intact undeveloped habitat below and within fairly close proximityto the adjacent nest cliff. Its seral and relativelyyoung aspen forestdoes not support even moderate concentrations of prey species that would be particularly attractive to peregrines using the adjacent nest cliff,but it does support potential avian prey that could contributeto the local pair's prey base. 2.6.2.3 Elk Figure 10 shows one elk seasonal range mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel that warrants consideration. The elk winter range definition followsthat provided for sheep, above. No elk winterrange is shown overlapping the subject parcel,but that mapping is incorrect. Thew inter range polygon boundary along the north side of 1-70 appears to follow an assumed land ownership boundary. At the time of CPW mapping,the County's and the Town's mapping assumed the East Vail parcel was in CDOT ownership. Colorado Parks and Wildlifeappearsto have adopted the Town's position and extended the polygon along the USFS property line, rather than bringing it down to the north edge of the Frontage Road and 1-70 where it should be. There are no mapped elk SWR or WCAs in the vicinityof the EastVail parcel. Results of the winter wildlifestudy (TR-5) indicated that a minimum of 15 elk were occasionally present and moving back and forth betweenthe Pitkin and Booth Creek drainages through the East Vail parcel. Using the spike in the group as a marker,the same group of elk was captured on the three most widelyseparatedtrail cameras in the same night. Compared to the sheep, the local elk were more waryof human activity areas. A Ithough some of their movements closely approached I- 70 and the Frontage Road,they only did so under cover of darkness! Elk wereonly captured on the trail cameras at night and their movements between the Pitkin and Booth Creek drainages were initiated and completed at night. Evidence of elk foraging was captured on all cameras except one of three within the interior of the 5.4-acre development area. Concerted foraging was noted on cameras located below the cliffs and in the NAP area. Foraging in the meadow in the development area's northeast corner was opportunistic as animals were traveling. Although there are areas of the East Vail parcel that may not be used because of terrain and proximityto human disturbances areas, for all practical purposes,the entire parcel should be mapped as elk w interrange. The elk winterrange on the subject parcel is part of a polygon containingthe highest elevation elk winterrange in the Gore Creek Valley and some of the highest w interrange in the Eagle Valley. This higher elevationwinterrange is used more during the early partof wintersand during milder winters when excessive snow depths have not yet pushed animals to lower elevations down valley. Nevertheless,these winter ranges are valuable because they support animals during portions of the winterw hen animals would otherwisebefurtherdown valley on increasinglysmaller,more crowded, and less effective w inter range because of collective habitat losses and the effects of human activities. Over the past 50 years there has been a considerable loss of big game w interrange to secondary ski area development in the Eagle Valley. Winter ranges generally occur at lower elevations along vaIley bottoms that are dominated by private lands. Developmentof those lands has pushed elk further westdown valley. In recent years,CPW has increased their hunting permits to increase harvest and reduce the elk and deer populations to levels that the smaller w interrange acreage can support. 2.6.2.4 Black Bear Colorado Parks and Wildlife have mapped two black bear seasonal ranges in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel that warrantconsideration(Figure 11). Black bear summer concentration areas are defined as those parts of the overall range where activity is greater than the surrounding overall range during that period from June 15 to August 15. This entire polygon extends along and above the valley bottom 6 Composed of 12 cows,2 calves,and a spike. On the East Vail parcel,elk got as close to 1-70 as the buried electric line corridor. East of Pitkin Creek,elk came dow n to and grazed up to the edge of 1-70 on several occasions,but alwaysat night. 11 from east of East Vail tow est of West VaiL This designation has merit overlapping the subject parceL During summer, the young, open-canopy aspen stands on the west end of the parcel support a moderate density of berry-rich serviceberry shrubs that represent important summer foragefor bears. Bear sign was also detected on the NAP portion of the parcel and on National Forest Service(NFS) lands to the north. A human/bear conflict area is represented by the same polygon along the Gore Creek valley bottom. Such areas are defined as that portion of the overall range wheretwoor more confirmed black bear complaints per season were received which resulted in CPW investigation, damage to persons or property (cabins,tents, vehicles, etc.), and/or the removal of the problem bear(s). This does not include damage caused by bearsto livestock. 2.6.3 Other Wildlife Groups 2.6.3.1 Threatened,Endangered,and Proposed Species Federally-listed and proposed animal species that were initially considered in this analysis included those identified by the USFWS's on-line IPaC decision support system for the East Vail project area on February 8, 2019 (Table 2). Humpback chub (G. cyph,), bonytail (Gila e%gan$, Colorado pikeminnow(Ptychochedus/uciu$, razorbacksucker(Xyrauchen texanu$, green back cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus c/arkii stomia$, Mexican spotted ow l(Rrixoccidenta/is lucid),yellow-b i l l ed cuckoo (Coccyzusamericanus), and Canada lynx (Lynxcanadensis) w ere identif ied. None of these species occurs on the EastVail parcel or in habitats thatcould beaffected bythe proposed Workforce Housing project and they are excluded from further consideration in this document for the reasons presented in Table 2. Other listed and proposed species knownto occur elsewhere on the WRNF and/or in Colorado were considered, but not analyzed because they were not identified by the USFWS as potentially present in the East Vail project area,their habitats do not occur in the project area,they have no affinities to project area habitats,the project area is outside of the species'range,and the on- and off-site development effects would have "no effect" on the species, on their habitats, or on designated critical habitat. There are no designated critical habitats in the vicinity of the project area. Tablet. Federally listed and proposed animal speciesthat may be affected by the East Vail' Workforce Housing project. Common and Scientific Name Statusa Rationale for Exclusion from Analysis(Habitat) Excluded. No project-related Colorado River water Humpback chub, Gi/acypha E depletions not previously considered (far downstream in Colorado River) Excluded. No project-related Colorado River water BonytaiI chub, G.e%gans E depletions not previously considered (far downstream in Colorado River) Colorado pikeminnow, Excluded. No project-related Colorado River water Ptychochei/us/ucius E depletions not previously considered (far downstream in Colorado River) Razorback sucker,Xyrauchen Excluded. No project-related Colorado River water texanus E depletions not previously considered (far downstream in Colorado River) Greenback cutthroat trout, T Excluded. No suitable on-site habitat.Project outside of Oncorhynchus c/arkiistomias historical range(isolated mountain stream headwaters) Mexican spotted ow I,Strix Excluded. No breeding habitat present or affected (steep occidenta/is T canyons w ith a Douglas-f ir,w hite f ir, ponderosa pine/pinyon-juniper component) Yellow-billed cuckoo T Excluded. No suitable habitatpresent or affected (old- Coccyzusamericanu. growth riparian woodlands with denseunderstories) Canada lynx, Lynxcanadensis T Excluded. No potential foraging,denning, ortravel habitat(montane and subalpineforests) 'Federal status,listed after species,is as follows:E = Endangered,T = Threatened,P = Proposed. Source:List:USFWS's on-line Information,Planning,and Conservation (IPaQdecision support system for the East Vail project area,accessed February 8, 2019 and Western Ecosystems,Inc. 12 2.6.3.2 U.S. Forest Service Sensitive Species The USFS has designated"sensitive species"(USFS, 2015), representing species declining in number or occurrence or whosehabitatis declining,either of which could lead to Federal listing if action is not taken to reversethe trend, and species whose habitat or population is stable,but limited. From the updated animal list(Oct.23, 2015), a subsetof sensitive species,including three insects,fivefish, twoamphibians,17 birds,and nine mammals (Table3), wasdetermined to be present or potentially present on the WRNF after consideration of all sensitive species on the list. This subsetof species is considered below in phylogenetically ordered taxa(insects,fish, amphibians,birds, and mammals) and discussed individually where appropriate. The proposed Workforce Housing project would have no impacton any other sensitive species not on the WRNF list. The East Vail parcel is not on the WRNF, but this list provides a second tier of species (i.e., below Federally-listed species)that are prudent to consider for the East Vai I project. Table 3. USFS sensitive animal species that occur on the WRNF and the rationalefor potential project effects related to the East Vail Workforce Housing project. Common name, Scientific name Rationale for Potential Project Effects (HabitatAffinity) INSECTS Western bumblebee,Bom,bus No habitat(Montane and subalpine meadows) occidenta/is Great Basin silverspot,Speyeria No habitat(Wetlands supporting violet populations) nokomis nokomis Monarch butterfly, Danaus No host plant(milkweed)habitat p/exippus p/exippus FISH Roundtail chub, Ci/aro,busta No suitab le hab itat(CO River up through G lenw ood Canyon) ro,busta Mountain sucker, Catostomus No suitable habitat(small to medium streams below 7000';4 p/atyrhynchus populations documented on the Rifleand Blanco Districts) Bluehead sucker, Catostomus No occupied habitat above Alkali Ck. (CO River upstreamto (iscobo/us Alkali Ck) Flannelmouth sucker, Catostomus No occupied habitatabove the Eagle River(CO River to /atipinnis Granby,Milk, Piceance,and Divide Creeks,Eagle River) Colorado River cutthroattrout, No suitable habitaton or below project area(Isolated, Oncorhynchusc/arkiip/euriticus headwater streams and lakes) AMPHIBIANS Boreal western toad, Anaxyrus No suitable habitaton or below project area(Subalpine ,boreashoreas marshes and wet meadows;ponds, margins of streams; adjacent uplands 8,500-11,000') Northern leopard frog, Lithobates Outside range(Permanent wetlands) pipiens BIRDS Northern goshawk, Accipiter Potential f oraginghabitat(Closed montane f orests> 7,500') gen Nis Northern harrier, Circuscyaneus No habitat(Grasslands,agricultural lands, marshes, & alpine) Ferruginous hawk,Buteorega/is No habitat(Plains,grasslands) American peregrine falcon, Fa/co Potential foraging habitat(Cliffs,habitats concentrating/ pereg-inusanatum exposing vulnerable prey) Bald eagle, Ha/iaeetos No habitat(Open water bodies, big gamewinterrange) /eucocepha/us White-tailed ptarmigan, Lagopus No habitat(Alpine habitat and upper elevation willow stands) /eucurus 13 Table 3. USFS sensitive animal species that occur on the WRNF and the rationalefor potential project effects related to the East Vail Workforce Housing project. Common name, Scientific name Rationale for Potential Project Effects (HabitatAffinity) Greater sage grouse, Centrocercus No habitat(Sagebrush) urophasianus Columbian sharp-tailed grouse Tympanuchusphasiane//us No habitat(Sagebrush and mountain shrub) Flammulated owl, Otusf/ammeo/us Marginal,but potential habitat(Old-growthponderosa pine and aspen) Boreal owl, Aego/iusfunereus No habitat(Mature spruce-fir& mixed conifer) BIackswift,Cypse%io(esniger No local nesting habitat(Waterfalls, cliffs) Lewis'woodpecker,Me/anerpes No habitat(Ponderosa pine and cottonwoods) /e wis Olive-sided flycatcher, Contopus No habitat(Open,upper elev. conifer forests) cooperi Loggerhead shrike, Lanius No habitat(Plains, low valleys,shrublands) /udovicianus Purple martin, Prognesubis No habitat(Old-growthaspen) Brewer's sparrow,Spize//ahreweri No habitat(Sagebrush and other structurally similar shrub lands) Sage sparrow,Am his iza he//i No habitat(Low elevation big sagebrush and sage/greasewood) MAMMALS Pygmyshrew, Microsorexhoyi No habitat(Variety of subalpine habitats) montanus Fringed m otis,M otisth sanoo(es No habitat(Forests/wood lands to 7,500 ft.;unknown on WRNF H o a ry bat(Lasiurus cinereu. No habitat(Mixed conifer and lodgepole pine forest) Spotted bat,Euo(ermamacu/atum No habitat(Cliffs,arid terrain) Townsend's big-eared bat, Corynorhinus townsendii No habitat(Structures tree cavities <9,500 ft.) American marten, Martes No habitat(Conifer forests) americans River otter, Lontracanao(ensis No habitat(Year-roundopen water and streamflows of >_ 10 cfs) Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep, Present(High visibility habitatnear escapeterrain) Oviscanadensis canadensis Note: Species in bold are potentially present and/or are discussed in the text. Wildlife are listed phylogenetically. Other R2 species are not listed because they have not been found on the WRNF,they have no affinities to project area habitats,the projectarea is outside of the species'range or elevational distribution. Potential occurrence on the project area,potential for project effects,and habitataffinity is summarized for each species. Source:Forest Service Manual,Rocky Mountain Region,Denver,CO,Chapter 2670—Threatened,Endangered and Sensitive Plants and A nimals,Supplement No: 2600-2015-1, Effective Date:Oct.23,2015 (J.Austin,USFS, pers.comm., Nov. 17, 2016). Determination of potential project effects to sensitive animals considers direct, indirect, and cumulative effects to those species. Determination of potential project effects to sensitive animals (including insects,fish,amphibians,reptiles,birds,and mammals) considers the area,configuration, and function of suitable and occupied habitat affected, home range size and number of individuals affected, size, density, and location of the population,and consequence of negative effects on the species as a wholewithinthe WRNF and within its range. Potential sensitiveanimal habitats, where a particular species has not been detected,are considered to be occupied,based on the rationalethat animals are wide-ranging, that they may be present, but go undetected, and that suitable, but unoccupied habitat can be quickly recolonized. Impacts to such potential,sensitive,animal habitats are considered negativeor beneficial effects. 14 Nevertheless,not every acre of potential habitat is necessarily occupied by a particular species,and not every acre of suitable habitat is of equal importance, nor must it be maintained to maintain effective, well-distributed habitatfor any particular species across the Forest. Some habitat loss or impact may affect individuals so long as sufficient habitat components exist which maintain population viability across the Forest. In addition, "impacts" and "negative effects" on individuals considered herein do not necessari lyequate to the death of those individuals. In most cases,negative effects on NFS lands referto the displacementof individuals from a small portion of their home range or potential habitat. Boreal Western Toad There is an extant boreal toad breeding site in the vicinity of the project area(M. Grove, USFS, pers. comm., Oct.29, 2018). It is isolated from the EastVail parcel to the extentthat project development (direct effects) and habitation, including potential off-site traffic and recreational activity (indirect effects), should have no effect on that population. This species is dropped from further consideration herein. Northern Goshawk Potential goshawk habitat(i.e., that abovethe Gore Creek valley bottom) in the vicinityof the East Vail project area is large, mature, closed canopy,aspen and conifer habitats. There are no known active goshawk nest territories present in the vicinityof the project area. It is possiblethat the aspen foreston the parcel could be used as foraging habitatby individual goshawks,but it is disjunct from continuous quality habitat and w ithinthe influence of chronic human activities along the Gore Creek valley bottom. There are no raptor stick nests on or in the vicinity of the subject parcel. Goshawks would not be affected by anticipated EastVail project development and this species is dropped from further consideration herein. American Peregrine Falcon Peregrinefalcons are addressed in Section 2.6.2.2, above. Flammulated Ow I On the WRNF,flammulated ow Is have been found in several locations using pure aspen stands and aspen-conifer stands. Most likely, Eagle County habitats are only used by this species during the breeding season,w ith individuals migrating out for the winter. The EastVail parcel does not support the ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir habitat association representing primary habitatthat this species is associated with. While the aspen stand in the open space portion of the parcel provides potential nesting structure, it is too small and disjunct to be considered suitable habitat, particularly when superior surrounding habitats are unoccupied. This species is dropped from further consideration herein. American Marten There are no habitats on the East Vail parcel that represent primary marten habitat(upper elevation spruce-fir forest). Marten tracks were detected in the mixed conifer/cottonwood riparian corridor along lower PitkinCreek in winter,2017-2018. EastVail parcel development would have no direct or indirect effects on marten and this species is dropped from further consideration herein. Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep Bighorn sheep are addressed in Section 2.6.2.1, above. 2.6.3.3 Colorado Parks and Wildlife Endangered,Threatened,and Species of Special Concern The current lists of Colorado endangered and threatened species and Colorado speciesof statespecial concern (http://cpw.state.co.us/learn/Pages/SOC-ThreatenedEndangeredList.aspx; accessed Jan., 14, 2019) were considered for species that may occur on and around the East Vail project area. Those lists included twomollusks,23 fish,seven amphibians,10 reptiles,19 birds,and 13 mammals. None of the state species contained in those lists occur or have potential habitatthat would be influenced by the proposed project, except forthose speciesthat have been previously addressed in this analysis. 15 2.6.3.4 M i gratory B i rds The East Vail parcel supports a low to moderate diversity of largely migratory birds that reach peak numbers during the spring and mid-summer breeding season. The avian community is typical of those associated with the habitats present and is largely uninfluenced by chronic human activity associated w ith the adjacent Frontage Road and 1-70. 2.6.3.5 Raptors Red-tailed hawks(Buteojamaicensis) werethe only raptor actually observed on the EastVail parcel. No raptor nests are present and the parcel is w ithinthe hunting territory of a pair that nested on the south side of 1-70 in 2018. Other raptors observed in the vicinityof the parcel during field surveys that could hunt the parcel include peregrine falcons,golden eagles (Aqui/achrysaetos), and sharp- shinned hawks(Accipiterstriatu$ 2.6.3.6 Fish The moderate gradient,ephemeral stream bisectingthe EastVai I development parcel does not support fish. Stream water enters a 24-inch diameter culvert and flows under the Frontage Road and 1-70 bef ore dropping into Gore Creek that supports a fishery. The culvert'sdrop prevents Gore Creek i s h from attempting to colonize the creek during stream flows. 2.6.3.7.Other Big Game Species Mule Deer The only mule deer seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinityof the EastVail parcel are overall range and summer range. The closest mule deer winterrange is 8.7 miles to the west,north of 1-70. Low numbers of deer are present on and around the parcel from May through October. Moose The only moose seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinityof the East Vail parcel are overall range and summer range. The closestmoose winterrange is 2.5 miles to the northwestin Spraddle Creek. Moose may occur on or in the vicinityof the parcel,as they may just about anyw hereelse in Eagle County. Moose is the only ungulate whose population is increasing in the Gore Valley(Andree, 2017). Mountain Goat The closestmountain goatseasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinityof the EastVail parcel are overall range and summer range in the Gore Range alpine,2.3 miles up Booth Creek and 2.8 miles up Pitkin Creek. Goats are dropped from further consideration herein. Mountain Lion The EastVail parcel is located within a large polygon designated as a "mountain lion human conflict area" by CPW that includes all residential areas and trailheads from east of EastVail to westof West Vail. Such areas are defined as areas where mountain lions have been involved in incidents(conflicts with humans that have serious results),an attackon a human, predation on domestic pets or livestock held in close proximity to human habitation. Lion conflicts have increased since 2016 with most encounters involvingthe public encountering lions while hiking withtheir dogs (B. Andree, CPW, DWM [Ret] 2017). In 2016, there were two incidents of dogs killed by lions and one lion was euthanized as a result. Lions are occasionally present on and around the EastVail parcel. 2.7 Noise The undeveloped project site does not generate any noise. The major noise source in the vicinity of the project site includes the 1-70 corridor,which generates noise from vehicular traffic. 16 2.8 Odors The undeveloped natural habitatof the project site is not a source of any odors. Furthermore,there are no odor generation sources in the vicinityof the project site. 2.9 Visual Resources Visual amenitiesof the projectsite include a landscape dominated by an attractive aspen forestwhich blends with the larger aspen forest and shrub communities on the south-facing slope of the Gore Creek Valley. The project site affords viewstothe broad floodplainof Gore Creekwhich is dominated by attractive woodywetlands,and the steep lowerslopes of the 11,816-foot tall Red Mountain which are characterized by an evergreen forest with patches of aspen. Interstate 70 and the East Vail Interchange are also in the view corridor of the project site, as is the residential development along Gore Creek to the southeast. 2.10 Land Use The proposed development area of the project site, an area of 5.4 acres, is zoned as Housing (H), while the eastern end of the project site (17.9 acres) is zoned as Natural Area Preservation (NAP). Existing land uses of the project site include open space and wildlifehabitat. 2.11 Access& Transportation The project site, which is located north of 1-70, is accessed via the East Vail Interchange. Fall Line Drive, located north of 1-70, extends east from the interchange to provide access to the Pine Creek tow nhomes. The 1-70 North Frontage Road extends westfrom the interchangeto provide access to existing developments westof the project site. Further westthis road goes under 1-70 and extends alongthe south side of 1-70 all thew ayto the Town Center 1-70 Interchange f orVai 1. Theundeveloped project site does not generate any traffic. 2.12 Population The undeveloped project site has no population. 3.0 Proposed Project 3.1 Buildings & Parking The proposed East Vail Workforce Subdivision would create a multi-family community on the 5.4 acres of the project site zoned H for housing. It would consist of eleven buildings with a total of 42 apartmentunits and 31 townhomes. The buildings will be a combination of twoand three bedroom units. There would be approximately 48 at-grade parking spaces near the buildings, as well as drivewaysfrom the Townhomesto accommodate additional parking.See Figure 12, TR-7 and TR-8. 3.2 Natural Area Preservation The applicant intends to enhance a substantial portion of the 17.9-acre Natural Area to create a movement corridor for wildlifefrom eastto westacross the site,and to creategrazing enhancements for all wildlife including the East Vail bighorn sheep herd. See Section 4.6. 3.3 Access& Traffic The project would be accessed via the existing East Vail Interchange of 1-70. No road construction or modifications would be required to safely accommodate traffic generated by the development (McDowell Engineering,2019, as revised May 21, 2019 — TR-9). All improvements, including site access, pedestrian circulation, bus stop, and landscaping will be reviewed and approved by the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT). 17 3.4 Utilities Water and sewer service would be provided by the Eagle River Water & Sanitation District. These and all other utilities would be buried within the road system. 3.5 Bus Station A bus station currently exists on the north side of the East Vail Interchange along the southern boundary of the project site. A new bus stop would be located east of the intersection of North Frontage Road and the access road to the development. See Figure 12. 3.6 Drainage Plan Stormwaterwill be diverted to underground waterquality chambers buried within the road system. Water will flow from these chambers via pipes to the pipe that conveys flows in the ephemeral drainage south toward Gore Creek. There will be one at-grade waterquality pond located near the entranceto the projectsite. See Figure 12. 4.0 Impacts & Mitigation 4.1 Hydrology 4.1.1 Surface Water The access road to the development would impactthe ephemeral stream via piping and riprap,both on and off-site. A 24-inch HD PE pipe would convey water across the project site and off-site to an existing culvert which conveys watersouth and under 1-70 toward Gore Creek. Thetotal length of stream impacted would be 92 linear feet. 4.1.2 Groundwater Based on preliminary subsurface exploration pits conducted by Cesare, Inc. (2018), groundwater would not likely be encountered by project grading and the construction of the roads, buildings and rockfall barrier. 4.2 Atmospheric Condition The proposed development would have a small and immeasurable impact on air quality. There would be a short-term increase in hydrocarbon pollutants and dust during the construction process. With development,there would be small releases of hydrocarbon pollutants generated by activities such as heating the development. The traffic study determined that the project would generate 290 vehicle trips on an average weekday,including 17 trips during the morning peak hour and 24 trips during the afternoon/evening peak hour. These vehicle trips would increase the levels of hydrocarbon pollutants. The magnitude of the impact on air quality has not been estimated, but it would likely be small and immeasurable. 4.3 Geology& Hazards 4.3.1 Rockfall & D ebrisFlow The rock outcrop ups lope of the proposed development is a rockfal I source zone and incised drainage channels upslope of the development which seasonally have flowing water have the potential for debris flows. Therefore,a Concept Rockfall & Debris Flow Mitigation Plan has been developed by Skyline Geoscience(2019). Rockfall and debris flowscan be mitigatedwitha single barriersystem whichwill reduce but not eliminate rockfall and debris flow hazards. The barrier system would also act as a wildlifebarrier and limit human activity in wildlifehabitat. As illustrated by Figure 13, an earthen berm and catchmentditch is being considered. A barrier wall with a smaller footprint is also being considered for the area upslope of the proposed development where there is limited space 18 between the property boundary and the edge of development Recommendations for the barrier system include: a) Height— 12 feet. b) Designedto withstandthe maximum impact energy estimated = 2,300kj. c) The impact face of the barrier should be as vertical as possible. A 1:1 slope is assumed for the earthen berm option,although a steepergrade is preferred. A vertical face with minimal to positive batter on the upslopeside is recommended forthe impact barrier wall option. d) Ideal orientation of the barrier is perpendicularto the fall line of the slope. If a perpendicular orientation is not possible,a staggered wall geometry may be considered. There shall be no gaps in the barrier system and staggered sections should have appropriate angles and lengths to accommodate coverage of site development. If the angle of the barrier diverges significantly from perpendicularto the fall line of the slope, the system must be designed to accommodate for containment of rocks withinthe property boundaries. The orientation of the proposed barrier is perpendicular to the fall line of the slope, except at the westernend where the wall deviates about 10 to 15 degrees from the preferred orientation. It is not recommended forthe barriersystem to deviate more than 20 degrees from perpendicularto the fall line of the slope. e) Adequate space uphill of the barrier for catchment and accumulation of rockfall, and for routine access of equipment for removal of accumulated debris. This area should be graded flat. The actual width of the catch ment depends on the size of the equipment to be used to remove accumulated debris and the angle of the slope above. The use of explosives or expansion grout can be used to break up large boulders that accumulate in the catchment, creating smaller fragments that can be removed. f) The catchmentarea must be routinely maintained,and accumulated debris removed. Debris should not be allowedto pile up and thus diminish the effectiveness of the catchment. g) Surface drainage within the catchment should be controlled with adequate slope of the ground surface. Based on proposed development plans available at the time of the study,the ground surface of the catchmentslopes down from eastto westwith a grade of 2%. Water should not be allowed to accumulate or pond in the catchment. Surf acedrainageand erosion management related to the deeply incised drainages which had flowing water during the Cesare site visits in May and June 2017 must be considered. h) A n access road to the catchment area must be designed and maintained. i) Routine inspection of the barrier system must be enforced and will assist in determining the maintenance and repair needs of the system. Inspections should be conducted on a regular basis and immediately following a rockfall or debris flow event. Other construction, maintenance and inspection recommendations may be provided by the wall manufacturer. j) Obser\ration and inspection by a qualified engineering geologist or geotechnical engineer during construction and upon completion of the rockfall barrier is recommended. 4.3.2 Existing Landslide Cesare(2017) determined that there is a large landslide on the east end of the project site,but it does not extend into the development area. Cesare found no evidence of recent movement,how everthey recommend avoiding development within the mapped extent of the landslide and monitoring the slope if construction occurs near the foot of the landslide. 4.4 Soi Is The proposed development would impact approximately 5.1 acres of the Millerlake soil as described in Section 2.4. It is recommended that topsoil from the impact area be salvaged and used in areas that are to be landscaped. Specifically, all of the soils on the 5.4-acre development parcel,exceptfor 19 the area north of the mitigation berm on the northeast corner and a smaI I area on the southeast corner, would be impacted. 4.5 Vegetation Resources 4.5.1 Vegetation Types The proposed development would impact permanently impact approximately 2.7 acres of an aspen forest. Specifically, all of the aspen forest on the 5.4-acre development parcel, except for the area north of the mitigation berm on the northeastcorner and a small area on the southeast corner,would be eliminated. However,there would be a temporary Toss of 2.3 acres of aspen forestcleared for the rockfall berm, but reclaimed to a similar habitat. 4.5.2 Wetlands The access road to the proposed development would impact approximately 92 linear feetof a 2-foot wide ephemeral drainage, which is classified as a wetland. Specifically, 68 linear feet would be impactedon the projectsiteviaa culvertand riprap,and 24 Iinearfeetsouth of the project site would also be piped. The total estimated wetland impactwould be approximately 184 ft2. Specifically, a 24-inch pipe would be installed under the access road to convey stormwater south toward Gore Creek. A permitwould be required from the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (Corps)for the wetland impactof the access road. Specifically, a Nationwide Permit 29 for Residential Development would be required. Due to the small size of the wetland impact, the Corps would not likely require any mitigation for the wetland impact. 4.6 Wildlife Resources The proposed Workforce Housing project would have both negative and beneficial effects on the local wildlife community. There will be a net Toss of habitat and wildlife displacement from development and human activity areas when 21.5% of the overall parcel is developed. Negative effects will include approximately five acres of direct habitat losses 8 reduced habitat effectiveness of adjacent buffer zones increased traffic along the Frontage Road and regional highways,and the displacement of wildlife around off-site recreation corridors that will likely be used by housing residents 9 Potential negative development effects have already been somewhatreduced through the rezoning process that concentrated development on 23% of the parcel, as well as further avoided, minimized, and compensatedwith(1) the incorporation of wildlifeoriented design criteria into the development's design, (2) on-site habitat enhancement proposed on 14.6 acres of the parcel that w i ll remain undeveloped, (3) the implementation of wildliferelated construction and operational considerations, and (4) the implementation and enforcement of the human habitation-related minimization measures in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan (TR-10). The beneficial effect would be the enhancement of sheep and elk winterrange that is not currently effective for sheep because of fire suppression effects. Figure 14 shows wildlifehabitats that would be affected on and adjacent to the 5.4 acre East Vail Workforce Housing parcel. The development footprint, including the driveway and parking Tots, buildings, the rockfall wall, and ancillary facilities, would affect approximately five acres of a relativelyyoung aspen stand w ith a mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry. That area of habitat represents 21.5% of the 23.3-acre parcel;78.5% of the parcel would remain undeveloped. 8 i.e.,2.7 acres from direct habitat losses and fencing blocking wildlifeaccessto another 2.3 acres of the parcel. 9 With resident education,fencing/barriers,and aggressive fines and enforcement,these recreational i mpacts w i I I be minimized on lands surrounding the East Vail development area that are important for sheep winterrange and other wildlifeuses. However,additional,incremental recreational impacts will occur along other existing trail corridors in Eagle County that bisect ildlifehabitats as a result of increased recreational use of those trails by Workforce Housing residents. 20 Undeveloped habitat on 14.6 acres of the East Vail parcel would been hanced as big game(bighorn sheep and elk)winter range. Undeveloped habitat on 14.6 acres of the East Vail parcel that would be enhanced as big game (bighorn sheep and elk)winterrange would result in a moderate-term enhancement and net gain of mountain shrub habitat,w hose quality,quantity,and availability to ungulates has declined as a result of wildfiresuppression(Figure 15). Proposed enhancement would also result in a moderate-term net gain of 3.9 acres of mountain shrub habitat,as an over-mature aspen stand with dense chokecherry u nderstory is treated to enhance sheep w inter range. Mule deer, elk,and other wildlifewithaffinities to mountain shrub habitat would also benefit. Using the results of the 2017-2018 wildlifestudy (Thompson 2018c), additional sheep winter range enhancement, probably involving hundreds of acres, is under consideration on surrounding NFS lands and TOV open space. Most wildlifepresent in development areas at the time of construction will be displaced to adjacent habitats, some of which will be occupied. Small mammals,the young of cavity nesting birds,and a reptile (garter snake, Thamnophis e%gans may be killed, depending on the time of year that site clearing starts. The size of the development area likely supports the home ranges of several to a handful of individual bird and small mammal species. After project development and habitation, the development parcel will support those w i Idlifespecies tolerant of human development. The effectiveness of habitats surrounding the development to the north, east, and west would be reduced, to a certain extent, by noise, visual, and olfactory disturbances emanating from the development. Distances would vary by species and would be attenuated by screening forest, distance,topography,and the chronic disturbances extending through the parcel from the adjacent Frontage Road and 1-70. Birds and small mammals would be the least affected. Elk would exhibit the broadest avoidance zones. Workforce Housing-related traffic increasesmay incrementally increasew ildliferoad-kill probabilities on the Frontage Road and along regional highways. Buildout of the East Vail parcel is expected to generate a total of 290 external vehicle trips over the course of an average weekday,including 17 trips during the morning peak hour and 24 trips during the afternoon/evening peak hour (McDowell Engineering 2019). Ten to 20% (29-58) of those contributions would be on the North Frontage Road, while 70-80% (203-232) would be on 1-70. These additional contributions represent and averageof 9.9% and 0.8% of the current,average,daily traffic volumes on those respective roads and highways. Increased road-kill probabilities on 1-70 resulting from the additional Workforce Housing traffic would be discountable relative to the low mortality associated w ith current high traffic volumes and should not affect local big game because they don't cross the highway in the vicinity of the project area. Sheep are occasionally present during winter conditions along the Frontage Road and have been know nto lick salt off the road, and a few may even cross the road to forage betweenthe road and I- 70. Increased sheep road-kill probabilities on the Frontage Road are possible,but unlikely because of good horizontal visibility along the road, because the sheep are habituated to the traffic, and because most road mortality occurs on roads and highways where posted speeds are >_ 45mph (Gunther et al. 1998). In the vicinity of the site, the North 1-70 Frontage Road has a posted speed limit of 25 mph eastbound and 45 mph westbound. Resident participation in public transportation would reduce potential traffic impacts. The Mitigation Plan contains a section that would educate residents about this issue. Resident education about the parcel's sensitive location in wildlifehabitatand the implementation and enforcement of the Wildlife Mitigation Plan (TR-10), with significant penalties for violators, should reduce and conf inepotential habitation effects to the parcel's development area and minimize the potential effects of greatest concern (recreationists and dogs) from extending off-site. Issues specific to individual species and w ildlifegroups are discussed below under those accounts. 21 4.6.1 Focal Wildlife Species of Concern 4.6.1.1 Bighorn Sheep Workforce Housing would permanently convert approximately five acres of bighorn sheep winter range into non-habitat and unavailable habitat (Figure 14). The development footprint would affect 2.7 acres of a relatively young aspen stand with a mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry. Another 2.3 acres north of the development area would also be disturbed for the rockfall berm, reclaimed as mountain shrub and aspen habitat but it would be unavailableto big game because of the fencing needed to restrict residents from the important surrounding wildlife habitats. The forested habitat composing most of the development area was only used on two occasionsand fortravel only(no foraging)during the 2017-2018 w inter(Thompson 2018c), although that use contributed to the functionality of the overall winter range. Workforce Housing would permanently convert 0.3 acres of sheep w interforaging habitat,largely composed of smooth brome, into non-habitat. The effectiveness of habitats surrounding the developmentto the west,north, and east could also be reduced to a certain extent. Retaining screening aspen forest" planting screening trees along the access driveway,and exi sting topography and distancewould reduce those potential indirect effects. Approximately 1.7 acres of sheep w interforaging habitat,composed of smooth brome stands on the cut slope abovethe Frontage Road and largely off-site,would not be disturbed," but its effectiveness would be reduced by its linear configuration and location between the Frontage Road and the housing project That habitat was used on three occasionsduring the 2017-2018 winter(Thompson, 2018c), but even that small amount of foraging took foraging pressure off other accessible w interrange. After housing has been bu i It and inhabited,sheep may still enter that area to forage under cover of darkness. The effectiveness of sheep winter range to the west of the housi ng's driveway could also be impaired by housing-related traffic, although negative effects could be minimized by construction of a screening berm or temporary construction fencingbeforethefirst construction season and by planting screening trees (after housing infrastructure, including waterfor irrigation, is available). The area affected is difficult to quantify,but it could amount to several acres. The level of habituation in the local sheep herd will limit the extent of diurnal displacement. Sheep will likely forage in that area under cover of darkness when humans are not present,as they do now,so the diurnal displacement may have no negative effects. Bighorn sheep lambing should be unaffected by the direct and indirect impacts of the Workforce Housing project becauseof distance, intervening screening topography, and the implementation of the Wildlife Mitigation Plan. Current human habitation of the Booth Creek residential development is not thought to be affecting Iamb productivity or survival. To compensate for the direct and indirect impactsto sheep winterrange, 14.6 acres of open space on the EastVail parcel would be enhanced to improvethe quality and quantity of accessible forage that is normally maintained by wildfires. That enhancement could start in 2019 and the increased forage availability should be availablefor the upcoming 2019-2020 winterto compensatefor the directand potential indirect w interforaging Iossesduring project construction that could extendover one w inter. l2 In spring, 2019, the TOV started habitat enhancement on some of their open space. 10 For example,an existing screen of relatively dense,approximately 15-to 30-foot tall,young to medium-aged aspen on the parcel'swestern tip and extending onto NFS lands to the northwestthat is 444-487 ft.wide(see Fig.8-2 in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan,TR-10) wouldeffectively screen all but the upper floors of the housing and, most importantly, all resident activity on the parcel from the high quality,mountain shrub-dominated,bighorn sheep winterrange below the Booth Creek cliffs. In comparison,there are two Booth Creek homes with little aspen buffering located 107 and 177 feet below the rockfall berm that is heavily used by sheep in winter. 11 There would be some disturbance to this habitat resulting from the relocated bus station, however,there are currently no siting or design details available to evaluate. 12 Construction would occur in phases that would present differing levels of disturbance to adjacent habitat effectiveness. Phases would be scheduled to avoid the most obtrusive disturbances during any winter. Initial clearing and site w ork,w hen heavy equipment is operating and when disturbances would be greatest,will not occur during any winter. The framing through dry-in phase would occur over one winter. Thereafter,the final inside finishing 22 Additional sheep winter range enhancement, probably involving hundreds of acres throughout the winter range polygon as originally proposed in 1998 (USFS 1998), is under consideration on surrounding NFS lands. The need for that widespread enhancement and specific prescriptions that could be implemented near the EastVaiI parcel was presented to and discussed w ithTOV,CPW,and USFS representatives on January 11, and February 6 and 8, 2019. Implementation and strict enforcement of sheep-related rules and regulations in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan(TR-10)would further reduce potential impactsto sheep resulting from residents living in the Workforce Housing and should reduce impactsto a level that would not negatively affect the sheep herd. Key sheep-related rules and regulations include resident education,using fencing along the rockfall berm to restrict residents from hiking out of the development onto importantsheep w inter range surrounding the parcel,prohibiting resident and guest entry into those areas," prohibiting trail development on the parcel'sopen space, limitingdogs on the parcel and enforcingstrictdog control measures,and imposing strict fines for violations. The paramount w ildlifeconcern on this project is the potential for inappropriate recreational use extending beyond the Workforce Housing development area that could adversely affect habitat effectiveness on surrounding lands, some of which are vitaIto the smaIIbighornsheepherd. The secondary wiIdIifeconcernis the potentialeffect of stray dogs on adjacent winter range. Strictly enforced rules and regulations with significant penalties for first time violators should minimize recreation and stray dog incidents (see TR-10, Section 8.3.2.1). The Workforce Housing projectshould not jeopardize the viability of the EastVail sheep herd. 4.6.1.2 Peregrine Falcon Development and habitation of the Workforce Housing parcel should not negatively affect the viability or productivityof the peregrine nest cliff on the oppositeside of 1-70 from the project area. Regardingbufferzones around peregrinenest cliffs,the CDOW(2008)recommended that"no surface occupancy(beyond that which historically occurred in the area) [occur]within[a] '/z mile radius of active nests"and that there should be a "seasonal restriction to human encroachment within1l/z mile of the nest cliff(s) fromMarch 15 to July 31." That recommendation is valid14 as a general guideline for all peregrine eyries in Colorado. However, the CDOW (2008) also recognized that "some individuals w ithi na species also habituate and tolerate human activityat a proxi mitythatw ould cause the majority of the group to abandon their nests." Such is the case with the birds that have nested in East Vail since at least2011 (Thompson, 2018b; TR-6). A cautionary consideration,however,is that "the tolerance of a particular pair may change when a mate is replaced with a less tolerant individual and this may cause the pair to react to activities that were previously ignored" (CDOW, 2008). The proposed Workforce Housing project(0.36 mi. awayfrom the base of the nest cliff)represents the same type of surface occupancy that is currently associated w iththe Booth Creek residential area,the Falls at Vail Tow nhomes,and the East Vail residential area south of 1-70,wherethe closest home on Lupine Drive is 989 horizontal feet(0.19 mi.) away from and ± 600 verticalfeet below the 2018 nest ledge. All of the intervening, chronic, human developments and activities (see Section 2.6.3.2) should adequately buffer the nest cliff from construction and habitation of the Workforce Housing parcel. Mitigation (TR-10) is presented that would avoid and minimize potential construction effects associated with blasting. 4.6.1.3 Elk Potential residential development on the subject parcel w ill be of concern for elk forthe same reasons described for bighorn sheep (the net loss of winterrange, further impaired effectiveness of habitat w ithinthe influence of the development,and other potential habitation-related effects [e.g.,dispersed recreation originating from residences and free-ranging dogs]). As described for sheep, elk habitat use in this area has adapted to 1-70 activity, nearby subdivisions,and dispersed recreational activity, phase would have the least obtrusive disturbances. 13 Le.,on TOV open space to the west,National Forest Service lands to the north,and East Vail parcel open space to the east,some of which are vital to the small bighorn sheep herd. 14 For what it was developed to consider. 23 but unlike sheep,the local elk have not habituated at all to human presence." There I ativelysm a I I (5-acre)potential East VaiI development would result in a further, incremental loss of winter range in an overall elk herd whose numbers have declined as a collective resuIt of similar winter range losses and recreational activity effects. The winter range forage losses should be more than offset by reinvigorating foragequality and quantity and facilitating accessto 14.6 acres of on-site winterrange that are now somewhat impaired by jackstrawed logs and out-of-reach browse That on-site habitat enhancement could start in 2019, subject to TOV approvals(TR-10). Seventy-nine percent of the parcel would remain available for continued elk use. Additional winterrange habitat enhancement being implemented and considered on surrounding TOV and NFS lands would also benefitelk. The subdivision and fencingwould also deflect movements from a favored route(the 8-10 ft.wide buried electric line through the parcel)that a small group of elk'16 waryof human activity and presence,use to move through this portion of their winter range. The project would continue to provide an east- west corridor through the rear portion of the parcel along the north side of the rockfall berm. Elk should also continue to use additional,existing,east-west movement routes buffered to the north of the housing. Other mitigation measures proposed for bighorn sheep would also benefitelk. 4.6.1.4 Black Bear Residential development on the Workforce Housing parcel w ill be of concern for black bears because of (1) potential habitation-related effects (e.g., potential garbage-handling issues), (2) the small, but additional net loss of summer forage habitat,and (3) further impaired effectiveness of habitat w ithin the influenceof the development. Approximately 79% of the parcel would remain undeveloped and available for continued bear use. Implementation of measures contained in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan(TR-10) should minimize human/bear conflicts to acceptable levels. 4.6.2 Other WildlifeSpecies and Groups Implementation of construction and habitation measures contained in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan (TR-10) for the focal w i Idlifespecies would also benefitother w i Idlifespecies and groups w ithinthe project's area of influence. Note that some of the wildlifegroups and species considered in the Existing Environment section,above,would not be affected by the proposed development and were not carried forwardto this section. 4.6.2.1 MigratoryBirds The Workforce Housing project would remove approximately five acres of habitatused by birds for foraging and nesting. Approximately 2.3 acres of habitat north of the development area that were grade for the rockfall berm would be restored to mountain shrub and aspen habitat. That habitat would be available and used by migratory birds as it develops and matures. Some birds tolerant of close human proximityand those attracted to feeders would inhabitthe development area. 4.6.2.2 Fish Fish and other aquatic life in Gore Creek should not be negatively affected by the project withthe implementation of standard Best Management Practices that would prevent sedimentation and impermeable surface runoff from reachingthe creek. 4.6.2.3 Mule D eerand Moose The Workforce Housing project would approximately five acres of deer and moose summer range and deflect east-west movements through the area to the north. Mitigation measures proposed for sheep and elk would also benefit deer and moose. 15 During the 2017-2018 winter wildlife study (Thompson 2018), elk were present on the parcel and in the surrounding area,but only under cover of darkness. 16 Composed of 12 cows,2 calves,and a spike,in winter2017-2018. 24 4.6.2.4 Mountain Lion Mountain lions should be unaffected by the Workforce Housing project. There is likely limited current lion use of the development parcel and the lion prey base(largely ungulates)should not be measurablydiminished by the project. 4.7 Noise The proposed development would generate a short-term increase in noise levels due to heavy equipment use during construction. When construction is complete, the project would generate approximately 460 external vehicle trips over the course of an averageweekday, including 29 trips during the morning rush hour and 46 trips during the afternoon/evening peak hour (TR-9), and noise would also be generated by human occupation of the development Considering the ambient noise generated by the 1-70 corridor,the added impactof the noise generated by the proposed development follow ingconstruction would likely be negligible. 4.8 Odors The proposed development would not generateany odors. 4.9 Visual Resources The development would have a mountain contemporary design that honors the fundamentals of the Town of Vail design guidelinesand the precedentof other recent Town ofVaiI's local housing projects such as Lions Ridge and Chamonix Vail. Buildings would be built into the gradually sloping hillside withthe walkout garden level on the lowestfloor, and units on the 2nd floor walkingout at grade on the north side of each building. Exterior materials will include stucco and cementitioussiding that resembles wood siding, with windowsand large sliding doors for most units. Primary roofs would be pitched and have asphalt shingles; metal materials would compose the secondary roofing. Triumph Development has also worked to minimize the height of stepped retaining walls that are required for site access and surface parking that is so important in the economics of a local housing project. The proposed number of parking spaces has been kept to a minimum to keep the footprint of the project as small as possible. The proposed development would not block any view corridors to the Gore Creek Valley or the north-facing mountain slopes to the south as there are no contiguous neighbors. The projectw ill be visiblefrom the CDOT right of way including 170 and the North Frontage Road. An earthen berm and rockfall protection structure have been provided across the rear of the developmentto, in part, provide a physical and visual barrier betweenthe human-occupied portion of the development and the USFS and Town of Vail open space behind and to the westof the property. 4.10 Land Use The 5.4 acres of the project site zoned as Housing (H) would be developed and used as residential space. The 17.9 acres zoned as Natural Area Preservation (NAP)would remain as open space and be enhanced for wildlifeuse. Thus, the proposed development is consistent with Town Council's October 2017 rezoning to Housing. The potential development of the Housing parcel and enhancement of the NA P parcel is recognized in Action Item #23 of the update to the Town of Vail 2018 Open Lands Plan Update. Thus,the proposed development would changethe land use for 5.4 acres of the project sitefrom open space and wildlifehabitatto a residential land use. 4.11 Access& Transportation McDowell Engineering, LLC(2019; TR-9) completed a CDOT Level 2 Study to forecastand analyze the impact of traffic volumes generated by the development on the surrounding roadway network. The traffic analysis was scoped w iththe Town of Vail and CDOT prior to completion. The analysis determined that: 25 • Site Access & Circulation: The site is proposing to take access directly from the north 1-70 Frontage Road. Sight distance meets the minimum spacing sight distance requirement per CD OT's State Highway Access Code. • Trip Generation: The buildout of the site is expected to generate a total of 290 external vehicle trips over the course of an average weekday,including 17 trips during the morning peak hour and 24 trips during the afternoon/evening peak hour. See Table4. • Auxiliary Turn Lane Requirement: No additional auxiliaryturn lane construction is required. • State Highway Access Permit: A State Highway Access Permit will be required for the proposed 1-70 North Frontage Road access. • Recommendations: Based on the analysis and recommendations in the McDowell Engineering Report(2019), the project can be successfully incorporated into the Town of Vai I's roadway network. Table'4. Proposed East VaiI Residential Trip Generation Analysis Estimated Site-Generated Traffic, East Vail Workforce Housing Trip Generation Average Morning Peak Hour Evening Peak Hour Units2 Rates' Weekday' Inbound Outbound Inbound Outbound Ave. AM PM Week Peak Peak Trips % Trips % Trips % Trips % Trips day Hour Hour (VPD) Trips Trips Trips Trips APT 42 DU 3.29 0.21 0.33 138 32% 3 68% 6 54% 7 46% 6 TH4 31 DU 5.44 0.32 0.41 169 27% 3 73% 7 60% 8 40% 5 MMR -10% -17 0 -1 -1 -1 Anticipated Trip Generation 290 5 12 14 10 Values obtained from field counts at the Timber Ridge and Lions Ridge Apartment Accesses during ski season on December 1, 2018. 2 DU = Dwelling Units 'Assumes a dhv of 10% of ADT. 4Values obtained from Trip Generation, 10hEdition,institute of Transportation Engineers,2017. APT = Apartments;TH = Townhomes;MMR = Multimodal Reduction 4.12 Population As documented by Table 5, the population of the proposed development would range from a low of 113 to a high of 254. Table 5. Population Projection East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision Number Persons Per Unit Total Persons Unit Type of Units High Low High Low VR Units 42 4 2 168 84 EHU TH1 2BR 7 4 1 28 7 EHU TH2 3BR 8 5 2 40 16 EHU TH3 2BR 2 4 1 8 2 EHU TH4 3BR 2 5 2 10 4 MarketTH1 3BR 6 5 2 30 12 26 Table 5. Population Projection East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision Number Persons Per Unit Total Persons Unit Type of Units High Low High Low MarketTH2 3BR 6 5 2 30 12 MarketTH3 0 5 2 0 0 MarketTH4 0 5 2 0 0 Total 61 254 113 5.0 Cumulative & Longterm Effects and Irreversible Environmental Changes 5.1 Hydrology 5.1.1 Surface Water The proposed development would impact(pipe) a 92-foot long segment of an ephemeral stream in order to create transportation access to the development. This represents a long-term effect and an irreversible environmental change. 5.1.2 Groundwater There would be no long-term effects or irreversible environmental change to groundwater. 5.2 Atmospheric Condition The slight increase in hydrocarbon pollutants generated by the development and its traffic represents a cumulative long-term effect and an irreversible environmental change. 5.3 Geology& Hazards The long-term risk posed by the rockfall hazard potentialwould be mitigated in a design as developed by Cesare, Inc. The mitigation represents a long-term effect and irreversible environmental change. 5.4 Soils The proposed development would impact 5.1 acres of native soil. The soil loss represents a cumulative and long-term effect and an irreversible environmental change. 5.5 Vegetation Resources 5.5.1 Vegetation Types The proposed development wouId result in the permanentloss of approximately2.7 acres of an aspen forest. This represents a cumulative and long-term effect and an irreversible environmental change. Approximately 2.3 acres of aspen forest habitat would be restored follow i ng construction. 5.5.2 Wetlands Piping and riprap on and off-site would impact 184 ft2 of a 2400t wide ephemeral stream that is classified as a wetland This represents a small cumulative effect and a long-term irreversible environmental change. 5.6 Wildlife Resources The proposed project would have both negative and beneficial effects on the local wildlife community. The project would result in the permanent, irreversible loss of 2.7 acres of relatively young aspen witha mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry,as it is converted largely 27 into an urban w ildlifehabitat. That area of habitat represents 22% of the 23.3-acre parcel; 78% of the parcel would remain undeveloped. There would also be a temporary loss of 2.3 acres of similar habitatcleared for the rockfall berm, but reclaimed as a similar community. Big game would be restricted from that acreage by the human exclusion fence,but avian and small wild Iifespeciesshould reco Ionize that habitat as it matures. There will also be wild IifedispIacementand reduced habitat effectiveness in habitats surrounding the on-site development and human activity areas and displacement of wildlifearound existing, off-site recreation corridors used by housing residents" WildlifedisplacementwiII vary by species and seasonofhabitatoccupancy. Thesedirectand indirect projecteffects have been and would be avoided, minimized,and compensatedwith (1) the parcel's rezoning, (2) the incorporation of wildlifeoriented design criteria into the development's design, (3) with 14.6 acres of on-site habitat enhancement, (4) with the implementation of wildliferelated constructionand operational cons iderations,and (5)withthe implementation and enforcementof the Wildlife Mitigation Plan (TR-10). While the resulting project effects would be relatively small, they would nevertheless be additive to the cumulative wildlife habitat losses that have occurred in the Gore Creek Valley and further down valley in Eagle County since the early 1960's. Collective habitat losses,the effects of i ncreasi ng recreational activityin wildlifehabitats,and other factors have reduced the size of the local elk, mule deer, and bighorn sheep herds (Andree, 2017). There are no reasonably foreseeable projects that meet criteria warranting consideration in this analysis(CEQ 1997, USEPA 1999). Potential bighorn sheep w interrange enhancement on NFS land surrounding the project area is speculative at this time. 5.7 Noise Noise generated by the proposed development and the traffic it generates would create a slight cumulativeand long-term environmental change. However,given the proximityto 1-70,this change would be negligible. 5.8 Odors There would be no odor impacts. 5.9 Visual Resources Developmentof the project site would create a cumulative, long-term and irreversible change to the visual resources of the area. Approximately 4.46 acres of native landscape would be replaced with a residential development. 5.10 Land Use Developmentof 5.4 acres of the project site which is currently used as open spaceand w ildlifehabitat would change the land use to a residential land use. This represents a cumulative, long-term effect and an irreversible environmental change to land use. 5.11 Access & Transportation The traffic generated by the proposed development,an esti mated 290 vehicle trips per day,represents a cumulative and long-term effect and irreversible change to the existingtraffic condition. 5.12 Population The estimated 113 - 254 residents of the development represent a cumulative long-term increase in the population of the town and an irreversible environmental change. 17 With resident education, fencing, and aggressive fines and enforcement, these recreational impacts will be minimized on lands surrounding the East Vail development area that are important for sheep winterrange and other wildlifeuses. However,additional recreational impacts will occur along other existing trail corridors in Eagle County that bisect wildlife habitats as a result of increased recreational use of those trails by Workforce Housing residents. 28 6.0 Figures 29 106°19'0"W 106°18'0"W �t��r I% f , i ✓ ,� % �� r,/ �T ( / ^'"'� 'K, ` h �� /mow � �, `"�,��`� p,5 ry Ri t mw 6rhrw v 'M ,2,." ,y W I r f Booth , I �,pl� r r r ✓/�,F' rV� ,l �ijj ///i "�^'�,�; "+� 1 GvI,;� 4 u / � v, � � fro, � y� i y7� � ✓ r' � � // Pitkln Creek xryy� �� Irr f!1 0" �� „� ��r ti �/ �oiu��l ✓I) ��( p! f i� � � ,,,.r „saw1 t x ., r i "POP1 U i 011 Gore Creek Boundary daYJ East i r ' i ,� V�°�o iw '�wv��"p '�r"�n �'✓ �� � , '� ���' ��i i, I'�t"� �� " / 1 nV , F '�"'�wh ro w7 nu'M1 ✓]8 � r ' w, Z_OMO ol� � � /� f r; I n > ,, �a n �i ,- � 00 ':" ",� '"+m ,, �l,�rrrrr i "� x i � �� M wwM',�; ..,� ,, � � M r iris/ r�l'� , 1 rj� it��l„ 1 �h"' r` ��W ,y �k ,r„ M oN,4 u��V;n�uw�w,wrl�l� "� i *.. s^"' ,r ,�� �� i„<„ ,& r e ,✓ � � �/I�V � s"0 t �Wq M �m i� ,P l� x� aY �7 " �°" � "d✓" a'` Am"", ,� �� ��, �✓wro, +w � a. 1n,n m�, 1 .M, Y P w� 106'19'0"W 106'18'0"W BASE: USGS 7.5'Vail East Quadrangle, Colorado Figure 1. Project Location Map East Vail Workforce Subdivision N g Prepared by: Eagle Birch a, Ecology��CCou my w................................................. ... . ........................ 1:24,000 "7 BIRCH ECOLOGY 429 main Street P.O.Box 170 Lyon COLORADO (720) co5 350-2530 �, (720) 30 www.birchecology.com Boundary of Wetland Delineation Parcel Boundary North Frontage Road -70 East Vail Exit Fall Line Drive Gore Creek ©2019 Microsoft C rpor ti n O 2019®IgtalGiob OCNES(Y2019 Di tribution,�irbus � Figure 2. Aerial Photograph East Vail Workforce Housing �Project TO j1 f i / N ( i Cori4ent���pot ref e � 6 Prepared by: Birch Ecology LLC National!Geographic s cu�reIn 1:6,000 BIRCH ECOLOGY 429 Main street --' P.O.Box 170 Lyons,CO 80540 EAGLE COUNTY, CO °' (720)350-2530 31 www.birchecology.com q ............. ............. .......... E hemeral .............. Stream 6 LF on 8 .......... project site ...................... Ephemeral ------ a Stream 24 LF south .......... ...................... of project site.... ..... .......... .......... .. . .................. 1. Existing 24-Inch ........................... Wetland A Culvert ....... 377 SF .......... gf, ................... ................ ....... ........................ ........... .............. -10 ..................... ......... .............. ..................... -10 ............... 1-70 East Vail Exit ....................................... Legend: Figure 3. Wetland Map Wetlands East Vail Workforce Housing Soil Pits Wetland Flogging 0 prepared by: Ephemeral Stream Channel Surveyed by: Date:February 2019 Birch Ecology LLC Peak Land Surveying Inc. 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"`w^ / �� // ✓ � � I �r �r "�'� �� w m� 1 r I v/°r f s "" � x � ✓. /J � lii I / �' a W"� 4' ✓n " � r Y/' ,'�, .+" ",w,.""*. 7/ � /��,"l!> J' %�i'm' .... Yr/ �%/��� I� �I I n 1%/ f✓i/� ��r y/ uw � .. r N , � r„`,,,,� _.° �, r,✓r r ,....... ii� ✓ mr��rr /;fr ,r� / i r; v'. ,��r I9 � vi J.,.y, PROJECT NO: 17.5029 FIGURE 4 PROJECT NAME: Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel Sheet 1 of 2 DRAWN BY: RAB CHECKED BY: I JMF Geologic Map CESARE, INC. DWG DATE: 06.16.17 REV.DATE: I Page33 Umeem"A mind lmup+uro &foa,rvwhr 110, ,CfmmrmRaVwe o 0 LJ51`OF MAP UNIT 0 5nowlield(latest 1-Naaloc,ene.) Normal rN faint D rc&'tr it whoa whoo apprroymrRirvWIV Ilrxatvd;dufl&^d eat Artificial fill(latest Holocene) wh arr; e unaedakd l'arllawl dram rain cpeamwolirranwn s we Iplpw .. � od la%apYt p>Imrw yprrrvwn wluierv,Icuuaaarnr Qa Alluvium(Holocene) Rewerse fault l,Yaaad't+rl aarin;p'a'r.aalaparor,ax�t't°utaP:a ly Gaa¢.,rl'a'it6:.rlaat8r:=<N ° where roncealed,rr c t vingk g on i u d rrar pr ate ONY Recent landslide deposits(Harlrc:ene) Thrustl�aa�ult Iprrtta'.�t'd wlteav itrrrua.a al+.ri 'l myCBt raat ugrpae^r trCdaaaa. sae Fats depaa:nwips(Holocene and upper 1`rNeista',rcerue) 1prep of fainli:plane udtunvwm wlncrip kt"rerxw,n't of Talus(Holocene and upper Pleistocenw;) � Strike-slip fault p'Mwlu d where aapyproxpam W dy l nr a3ivdf dots ad where conctalwi asrnm,show rel,atrurvt slvpr altrmdic'm C1Ul Debris-flow deposits(Holocene andupspaerr Pleislocene) � Mylunhic%frear C;ae�nc rad0y pav,,r00r,1 to Prcklerirxe,Ac or Rock-glacier deposits lddarlocene and upper Pleistocene) I lrtineu st l a lue�atiar senr Q d'w kvr ravelSims, 1'DC:$J Antpchne qho w4ig trace,of reaxk)r p+hrw Drilte l wfrdife Cl %'etlaneraN deposit (Fdcrlr:acene and upper Pleistocene) rcueniti i:l " a Syncline—Sho wa4rral prx or arx'0 al q than e Da:ood wlwm 0 ac ' Al'duviurra and colBuevulm undivided(➢ oiticene and upper aa'r,,ag l Ple isiocene) Strrke aa.d clips of W46 r Colluviurxt(flaalaw.erre and upspsinr Pleiswcene) ltncdrmnw*ad AN,... �landslide dxT osits, 1'lolaceme and upper�f'rle'ustocene) w� l l vertical Qfra Felsoni mcr(I la loceare and Ptei oceno n {�cw nturruecl Boulder field(upap or."+r Pla oastncene) Horizontal 44. Vinedanle Till(upspaw+r Pleistocene) ApafrrrattumaCe wUwplc awarl dip of proeclw Qap Bull Ukke Tdf(Waddle Pleistocene) �,'�� lucjlued -------------------- O d Diaancion('rrnddle to hare"-Pla,imucene) Strike and dips of foliation Dike raatdca of nnerrrreedrante to felsRa casanpaeaiaiarsra(Ten"titia^y) "°" inclined PI-Im Martrawn Formation ll,ower Permian to Middle � '41 rli adl Pennsylvanian) :rr Bearing and plunge of lineation Pm Mi nturn Foorlation,undifferentiated(pilledcdle Strike and a a aiitur and laarpr�p and rlerogPunnsyly nian) associated lineation e of Jacque Mountaln firmstone Member Strike anal dip of small fault or fray^tarn* Upapser sanedwlone aaned cOn;gkatxneraate mere rer "� Inclined Agaawyq% While Quad Limestone Mer lwr m V'eraical rlfr(Iri Middle men'ib r A Lcuter hufir oies docolisv referred pat in fexf BFuaraarvl raµ- Individual 1parne=stone bed Ipgq" Robinson Linarst'crne bl'exrnberr 5"0irl Individual limestone bed L.c'awwcw rrnesnmiser CONVERSION'FACTORS .. Individual limestone bed 77w'r WWJ"ouu ila6y ICBy Fas Yrtaurc�. i --- Pennsylvanian to Cambrian rivals a.. i dimola+r d rrt ra a%7T h wro-aaa Or'.) f r;r Slaar Mma orl C'n"v5s ycxfion[413'on.lga rrna ai nsc 4rwp 5 28p ieo ttri "� kalt aruaar rw tWrrrr,,,,,,,,, 5 52n a nrrNuta p,rarlP taarelrflercntr clad ." C:Naast is chke f to ws r P'arla*ozoi¢: Parting Femrnvllatton(UpperDeverian) ImuMprty iky........ Taar.... a......, P.aX�tr CP Peerless F¢ranatian dCdrPer Caxw�ori'ar) netrrr 00 2 5 cm v 0f0 ar agmtp 9 a Sawatch Quartxtte(C.tlp:aper Cambrian) r Ekn itlen4aiarva tl43G5 ----- krvlr r�wararvr o _..._... EARLY PROIp',Fd'flZOW,VpC;yCKSi Films. Early Proterozoic rocks, onnpy ill Rocks of the Cross Creek lwthofith(Early Proteru wme) ArgaNatacgt°maraca Cro%s Creek Granite cw a ii( Qaf. f'la+trite d 4o Ca Gadriwo V n I Xal Migm atitnv biofite drneiss(Early Proterozoic) r f infite giviss(Early Pra terozotc) mm Contact lta~r8ia rl ualri,��it ngrp�urx urr"rat ly Ii iaataytl ei;tfldra'G avlac�rnvp L yr or r,aa9 eel vlmvdi aft dipu vlwre d nu.aawmi a a) �-'d''''anlro ear�sa;rnnrnerrt fharcdanru fJPalnfra,f h!frs!Ct`t aapapprv,aa4aurGair'pkv " v+ l rr ariedt dorm d when concealed "i'howmgd dip where Isrn'aruaY i=✓rtt ,,avrrrfkatrltls WaalaprpreaMarnapcdf"NhalrrparOed ly'ilik' freaarr mr p:aliu ygnr grvlws. UNDO,MAP SHOWING SUFdROUNDRNG,QUADRANGLES PRO]ECTNO: 17.5029 FIGURE 4 PRO]ECTNAME: Rock-fall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel Sheet 2 of 2 DRAWNBY: RAB CHECKED BY: IMF Geologic Map CESARE, INC. DW G DATE: 06.16.17 REV.DATE: I Page 34 rah ml tngirmavrra d6 trranxr+tar Yrnn W.sdri.ws ova rarCaw.�ax a ® ® � 0 � h N ? -p 2 v O rt �I u < a LA o CD a m z ro La v o v o U � n — �c — v J` i «m �1 r i ri�l1� IIII II;���� g�h�lm "tit Illllllluill '' IIII IIIIIIII ������ PROJECT NO: 17.5029 PROJECT NAME: Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel DRAWN BY: LAG CHECKED BY: IMF FIGURE 5 Official Rockfall Hazard Map CESARE, INC. DWG DATE: 5/22/17 REV.DATE: Town of Vail,Colorado �enreee"r nra«a�e", erz�,a�" na"e. gre firs ",ura r� 35 i � s+. �r. .r 1,1� � �yf��!, i Jl il. ii� ✓rrr rr//i%��" lrl'/lrl����° Il �%f;� t r r � ��;�..;w �aY i i/iii( �4� �i'///�•`// rid/ r(r „ /�� ,. � /%ii�n1 j! � � w�m r. '� �' � m m l�✓i�;�lyi����i�l�l(��41��YI PI uuu iJ i I , i� rr � m ® a a a �wwww(rjN19wH+�M&mw��;a�rwaa(�b✓rcw( ' f 0//� ; � ;I' , f ri✓r(((�IavnKurkf�/l✓��w�ria l'f�na�ririr✓lri�ux�wr�rlr�✓r(rkld✓c uu��afl�. ��l�f %�✓/' ✓ rrr(�'l///l�/rrll Illy/✓� ,,. "-�x d,, ,",F ,. o��li����.,; /'�� i.. �„i ,f V n y rt i' lr �"',41. t ,, �°�° >r�;lrr^� (�/lrl///�f�a1// f;✓✓r'..�%P I�'�ly�.. .. r�� ,.,.. I i��� ',. ".I f �i�l/ / , � � r� � r �fi�f✓✓ r n rr/r i �r<,�;, � r/ �rr�l��' %J�"f/,i ' a � J, I �" ? orl Iry ✓ �''' � �i i�8 i fl /�r? r r� i ✓/ r„ rl, ,�r�;r,d�. a � r �T���f� fr/%%"o j%//if� �. �;:,, n r � ��' ✓l/�i ,;, �P>��.,,a �: 1,, �, r w,W,, >¢r�'� lip iiii �,���i��,,, N t �� � ,,., ;� f I� .. m ,,:/,�i/vl�-:k v�,,,, .,"m� „,. ,� ✓.�tr;,W +, lsr' r//�":"�t�yo/e, i �u r;. , f ;'" i""" '% n 1, I /.//,ii �'" n' r „, M Z „ � � ✓..�.9 1.ri �, q..,.r r,�"/ri, r.. � 0� ,,���� �7�, f 1� i N I P ",,,//.. �•r9 ;,//roe^,,,,,,, „,k� ,:,,., „ I �� f,,�� y n�+.✓/ . � C ,/)1 ,. N'I.... i� I ,i"„. .u. � ,e �j.� � u � ai% ✓i „. .? �' 1., ,../ ,,..... �,,,,,ri l v 1, /i r� � A or � 1� N tli ✓ / (� r, / / i ui III f r ✓, � � , � �/, it ul rd 91v i I u u iliw�rl�u�l6Y�V II. m�, I OR �..../ a ( n I� LIDAR Bare Earth Surf a r a i. � �✓r i it � ..J� side view � / ���,,.. /y t✓r�, f f /; �� , ✓r r� jii/�'�//if ;���/off/i",4f� � r ,� /�l/ll!�vyaalrv�rri '/ i/r%i� l�� / � I Project N o: 18105 FIGURE 6 � ���':��������'. Project Name: East Vail Parcel Potential Debris Flow Channels GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25.2019 Page 36 1�h r r% i r l rig / r j i.r l I r r u i r rri l tys ,,,,% r////////iirri � ��I�NNII" //���ri%i�o.,... r /� �r � �y ii'li✓'''n � / ��. �� �u 111 ,..;;il V�V � �� i� (i�4S�6��(���`6'r/�///,//,., �//%/%%�%//��/////:%p/i�ai,,p �iRl)�(f !iinir r,;.. ;/i Vr� W ,: ,P' ;i °r ��n➢r"�/' Ili'r/ %� 'p,' ha•; ,. (frou ;c III r r rrr % /i� ✓ � rr I � , , ,ir r,r ;r ,, if/rl�ie ,..... ,,; ,v r%;! l��////// f �//� I // ,,f ,rv� V� J' /� f� � „- ", //Or�//r, , • 1„'r, r'c%"",;,gill ,,,,° ,1 / yer�;�r�, ti �// / /f� ;�, Y;➢f I� r � rr i/ i ,��/ Awl," it � �� ,/ill „r r,+„ ,,,, / ,,% r/„/, .r rl,. /// /.ri/" r� %� ,,,/"r r�.., r �, .���� ,a�•: / /��✓ r//,./ r/ iir/%/,/ a,i," ,/,, iar, /// 1�1i / /rrr r,,li ,r. i / //„ a /i�roa///�✓ � �/,�/irr, y /�"®� � r�� iris/<,,,"" /r yll� r �V Y a irr . r r c, 1 r c � ✓ r,//// �/. /i 0 / %�.,,, ///� r, ,., ,IT /1, / ,,, //i irr Basemap: HDAR ground surface. Area 1-landslide headscarp,down-dropped,detachment area. N East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel-partto be developed(+/-5.4 acres) Area 2-down-dropped area with irregular topography. Area 3-dislocated,semi-intact block that has moved downslope ---- Approximate Landslide Extents from the point of origi n,hummocky and uneven 0 500 1000 Approximate Extents,published landslide deposit(Kellogg and others,2003) topography. Area 4-landslide flank,over-steepened slope. MENEM Areas-landslide toe,over-steepened slope. APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 7 KY I.....III III':::: III':::: III III:::: N C Landslide Map GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.31.2019 Page 37 GPI' Bighorn Sheep flapping J, Legend (J 17.0 ac NAP ,t f 5.4 ac Bev Area BSPA BSSWR BSWCA i BSWR rr u w V i >r 1 n d Figure 8. Important bighorn sheep seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinityof the East Vail parcel(red outline). See text for range definitions. Bighorn sheep winter range and severe winter range cover the same largest area and are shaded light blue. Winter concentration area is shown in the two darker blue polygons. The southern edge of a lambing area above the Booth Creek cliffs is outlined in green. 38 L.ee wd�a IpI i 7G7 I' I Ir i f � I r Figure 9. Active peregrinefa Icon nesting cliff comp lexand surrounding 0.5-mile buffer (shaded blue) mapped by CPW in the vicinityof the East Vail parcel (red outline). 39 . CPW ElkMapppl z_ ANP CA Figure 10. E I k winter range(o Uhne in h/G bIue)mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East VaiIparcel (red outline). In undeveloped habitats, which inc ud thee mireEast Vmlprcl the winter range adu//comes downto the north shoulder o 1-2¢ 40 7tl3 32E g, a Figure 11. Black bear summer concentration area and human/bear confIictarea(a single polygon outlined and shaded purple) mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel(red outline). 41 Ephemeral Stream Proposed Riprap Proposed Mechanically Tie-in to Existing Proposed 24"Pipe Lined Swale Stabilizedall Earth Wall for Electric Rockf Protection ...................... Proposed Rockf all ...... ........... Mitigation Berm .......... ........... .......... ............... .............. ..................... ................ ........ ............. "............ .............. ........... .............. G, ;,I LDIN 'Z D ............. ,......... T N Tiered Boulder Walls BUILDING C BUILDING/ ............. Vie„ Connect to ExistingL Century Link Fiber ........... B ................. vRe� j Bus Shelter IAIC ............................................. �.......... ............. 4',............... ........ .........., Proposed Stormwater "BUILD ING ......... Treatment .......... LLLLL �/B J L G ........... Manholes Wetlands to be protected ............. ........... Connect to ................ .............. I............. ........... .......... .......... Existing Gas BUILD Proposed "f Pond j Water Quality ECulvert ............... BUILDINGi xisting 24" ................. 5" pull Proposed Stormwater Pipe v ............. ........... ........... ........... .......................... BU /4 IL ................. .................... ............. .................. ........................... . ............AA 10"Water Main 0 .......... Tie-in to Existing Nort ............. ....................... ............... ................... .......... .......... o .. ........ ........... ................ ............... .................. ......... ........... ....... . ...... Proposed 4' ............ Gravel Path",........... .............,,, ............ ........................ ............... A0 Proposed8" ...................... Sewer Main .................. ............. ............ .................... Proposed Wooden Stairs /< Legend: Figure 12. Proposed Development Plan Engineering by: East Vail Workforce Housing Existing Contours Proposed Stormwater Pipes Proposed Century Link Alpine Engineering Proposed Contours Proposed Water Lines Proposed Comcast Edwards,CO tt 7 Ephemeral Stream Channel Proposed Sewer Lines Date: May 2019 Wetland Flogging prepared by: Birch Ecology LLC Contour Interval=2 ft Surveyed by: es es pf Wetlands Proposed Electric Scale: 1 in =75 ft Peak Land Surveying Inc. 429 Main Street ViRcij ECOLOGY Vail, CO P.O. CO 170 4107li� Lyons,CO 80540 Existing Culverts Proposed Gas 42 ...... (720)350-2530 www.birchecology.com Access and Existing ground surface accumulation area 3.0 Earthen berm approximate 1:1 slope 12.0 6.0 A. Earthen Berm 40.0 Access and Existing ground surface accumulation area 120 ....... ....................................... Rockfall wall 12.0 —6.0—I ..................., 15.0 B. Structural Wall 0 10 20 APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 13 ' III I..... III III': . III': . III III � III': . Typical Sections - Rockf all Barriers GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25.2019 Page 43 J � Legend �� E Direct Winter Foraging Habitat Impacts f�� W Direct Winter Foraging Habitat Impacts Vi Winter Foraging Habitat Displacement 1 Workforce Housing Footprint 3.3 ac. iA f l Iwr� I i pp li a � �� autmumuiii�u y wmr����wumummmmimrN�m�ri�auummi�r� I III�'pj^'i ron tR eai rvm poa��m it �uw,"`tl�' �rw�Na�mRulkmtomNirrNtl'luipiuum�+wu.0 .. �Ijj .. i � i "1 � 'ii; mi q Uri���bi��h r aN �HdMi(rtl� o �� i ii 'F'unllwiokllHroia��uni��r"%;,; � a ,, �II 4 tN" II6� &ii1kJ^�bJl���'lH�rl��ft � I k �IC+t A! I pp it I!ItIIA 0 �,, EAU 11tbIllMly�/IOf01l tl r aip�.r i am q�inivlimi ,,{ Habitats A.ffecte�i on and p �;�I m et�wu�i m�da„� !�I��,��tiu d, I ,+��ijacent to tl�e�.�-acre East �Y1"�u��ui�r�,��r wAail Workforce Housing Figure 14. Wildlife habitats affected on and adjacent to the 5.4-acre East Vail Workforce Housing parcel. The development footprint would affect 3.3 acres of a relatively young aspen stand with a mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry. Approximately 0.3 acres of bighorn sheep winter foraging habitat,largely composed of smooth brome,would be permanently lost. Approximately 1.7 acres of sheep winter foraging habitat,also composed of smooth brome and largely off-site, would not be disturbed, but its effectiveness would be reduced by its linear configuration and location between the Frontage Road and the housing. The effectiveness of winter range to the west of the housing's driveway could also be impaired by housing-related traffic, but that area is difficultto quantify. Mitigation is proposed to better maintain that habitat effectiveness. 44 VI VVI d III Ili 'II V u II 'I i r Y- 0 I 14.6-ac. Winter Range Enhancement Rs 000 Figure15. Bighorn Sheep Winter Range Enhancement Bighorn sheep winter range enhancement prescriptions proposed on 14.6 acres of the East Vail parcel (red outline)to compensate for winter range lost to,and affected by,development of the Workforce Housing project. 45 7.0 References Ackerfield, J. 2015. The Flora of Colorado. BRIT Press,Ft. Worth,Texas. 818p. Andree, B. 2017. Untitled letter re: the sustai nab iIity of wildlife populations within the Gore Valley. CPW.Glenwood Springs,CO. Ltr.to P.Wadden,Watershed Community Coordinator,Town of Vail.Mar. 6. 7pp. Birch Ecology. 2019. Wetland Delineation Report,East Vail Workforce Subdivision, Eagle County, Colorado. Prepared for Triumph Development & Western Ecological Resource. February 2019. Bush, T. 2006. Plant fact sheet: smooth brome, Bromusinermis USDA NRCS Rose Lake Plant Materials Center, East Lansing,Michigan. 2pp. May 25. Cesare, Inc. 2018. Preliminary Subsurface Exploration, East Vail Housing Rock Mitigation and Geotechnical Study, Vail Colorado. Prepared for Triumph Development. November 14, 2018. Cesare, Inc. 2017. Rockfall Hazard Study, East Vail Parcel, Vail, Colorado. Prepared for Kevin Hopkins,Vail Resorts Development Company.June 19, 2017. Chick,Nancy. 2018. Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment Background Estimates for Air Pollution,East Vail Workforce Subdivision. December 27, 2018. Colorado Natural Heritage Program.2017. Biodiversity Tracking and Conservation System.Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, U.S.A. Tracked Vascular Plant Species. [Online]. Available: http://www.cnhp.colostate.edu/tracking/vascular.html Colorado Parks and Wildlife. 2008. Recommended buffer zones and seasonal restrictions for Colorado raptors.CPW, Denver,CO. Craig, G.R. 1978. American peregrine falcon, Fa/coperegrinusanatum Pages 40-45 in Essential habitatfor threatened or endangered wildlife in Colorado.CDOW,Denver.84 pp. Gunther, K.A., M.J. Biel and H.L. Robison. 1998. Factors influencing the frequency of road-killed wildlife in Yellowstone National Park. pp. 395 to 405 in Proceedings of the International Conferenceon Wildlife Ecology and Transportation. Fort Myers,FL, Feb. 9 to 12, 1998. Jennings, William F. 1990. Final Report. Species studied: Spiranthes di/uvia/is, Sisyrinchium pa//idum. Report for the Nature Conservancy under the Colorado Natural History Small Grants Program.The Nature Conservancy,Boulder,Colorado. Kellogg, K.S., Bryant, B., Redsteer, M.H. 2003. Geologic Map of the Vail East Quadrangle, Eagle County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2375, Version 1.1. Kellogg,K.S., Shroba, R.R.,Premo,W.R., Bryant,B. 2011. Geologic Map of the Eastern Half of Vail 30'x 60'Quadrangle,Eagle,Summit,and Grand Counties,Colorado:U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3170. Skyline Geoscience.2019. Geologic Hazard Analysis,East Vail Parcel,Vail, Colorado. Prepared for Cesare, Inc. February 12, 2019. 46 Spackman, S., et al. 1997. Colorado Rare Plant Field Guide. Prepared for the Bureau of Land Management,the U.S. Forest Service,and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service by the Colorado Natural Heritage Program. Thompson, R.W.2019. Wildlife Mitigation Plan,East Vail Workforce Housing Project,Town of Vail, Colorado.Western Ecosystems,Inc. Boulder,CO. February2019. Thompson, R.W.2018a. Recommended wildlifedesign criteria forVail Resort's East Vail Workforce Housing parcel,Town of Vail.Western Ecosystems,Inc. Boulder,CO. 6 pp.,June 15. Thompson, R.W. 2018b. East Vail peregrines— 2018 nesting attempt to date. Western Ecosystems, Inc. Boulder, CO. 6 pp.,June 18. Thompson,R.W.2018c. Wildlifemonitoring reportforthe East Vail Workforce Housing parcel,Town of Vail,Colorado. Western Ecosystems,Inc. Boulder,CO. 33 pp.,Aug. 31. Thompson,R.W.2018d. EastVail Workforce Housing project conceptual bighorn sheep winter range enhancement prescriptions memorandum. Western Ecosystems, Inc. Boulder, CO. 3 pp., Nov. 5. Thompson, R.W. 2017. Rezoning wildlif eassessment of Vail Resort's East Vail Workforce Housing parcel,Town of Vail.Western Ecosystems,Inc. Boulder, CO. 10 pp.,Aug. 10. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Arid West Region. ERDC/EL TR-08-28. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,Vicksburg, MS. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Wetlands Delineation Manual, Technical ReportY-87-1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station,Vicksburg, MS. U.S. Council on Environmental Quality. 1997. Considering cumulative effects under the National Environmental Policy Act. Council on Environmental Quality, Executive Office of the President.Wash., D.C.64 pp. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Consideration of cumulative effects in EPA review of NEPA documents. U.S. EPA Off.Fed. Activities. Wash., D.C. 18 pp. U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS). 1995. Ute Ladies'-tresses (Spiranthes di/uvia/is)recovery plan. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service,Denver,Colorado. U.S. Forest Service.2015. White River National Forest revised sensitive species list-terrestrial. USDA Forest Service,Glenwood Springs,CO. (updated by J. Austin, USFS, Nov. 7,2016) U.S. Forest Service. 1998. Environmental Assessment,Booth Creek Project Burn Area,Eagle County, Colorado. Holy Cross Ranger District, White River National Forest,Minturn, CO. Feb. 6. 47 Appendix A. Colorado Department of Public Health & Environment Correspondence — Background Estimates for Air Pollution in ProjectSite STATE, OF COLORADO John W.Hickenlooper,Governor Larry Wolk,MD,MSPH �w°F l0 Executive Director and Chief Medical Officer ti� g vo Dedicated to protecting and improving the health and environment of the people of Colorado ° P 9 p 9 P P 4300 Cherry Creek Dr.S. Laboratory Services Division 876 �r Denver,Colorado 80246-1530 8100 Lowry Blvd. �87 Phone(303)692-2000 Denver,Colorado 80230-6928 Colorado Department Located in Glendale,Colorado (303)692-3090 of Public Health www.colorado.gov/cdphe and Environment David Johnson By email: david@westerneco.com December 27, 2018 Dear Mr.Johnson, You recently requested background estimates for air pollution in the area of the following project: East Vail Workforce Subdivision County: Eagle Latitude: NAD83: 39.645108 AND/OR NAD27 Longitude: -106.304878 The estimates,and their bases, are given below. Pollutant Standard Standard Estimated Concentration Basis for Estimate CO requested? Yes CO 1 Hour Second Maximum (ppm) 35 2 Grand Junction,2015 -2017. CO 8 Hour Second Maximum (ppm) 9 1 03 requested? Yes 03 8 Hour Fourth Maximum(ppm) 0.070 0.064 Glenwood Springs,Feb-Dec 2015. S02 requested? Yes S02 1 Hour 99th Percentile 0.075 0.012 RIM Steel P rintShop,Pueblo,2013-2015. S02 3 Hour Second Maximum(ppm) 0.05 0.008 (Secondary Standard) S02 24 Hour Second Maximum(ppm) 0.003 S02 Annual Mean(ppm). 0.001 NO2 requested?) Yes NO2 Annual Mean(ppm) 0.053 0.005 Glenwood Springs,Feb-Dec 2015. N021 Hour98th Percentile(ppm) 0.100 0.033 PM10 requested? Yes 150 40 Glenwood Springs,Feb-Dec 2015. PM10 24 Hour Second Maximum(ug/m3) P M2.5 requested? Yes P M2.5 Annual Mean(ug/m3) 12.0 5 Glenwood Springs,Feb-Dec 2015. P M2.5 24 Hour 98th Percentile(ug/m3) 35 13 P b requested? Yes P b Rolling 3-Month Average(ug/m3) 0.15 0.006 Denver Municipal Animal Shelter,2009. A-1 Any ozone concentrations provided here are for informational purposes only. They are not for use in modeling. Ozone concentrations for use in modeling (AERMOD/ OLM)should be requested separately. Upon request, refinement of a single value background concentration listed above may be conducted by the modeling staff(email: emmett.malone@state.co.us), if applicable,appropriate,and justified. These estimates are derived from ambient monitored concentrations that are available to the Division to represent background levels(added to the impacts of the project emissions and emissions from other nearby sources)in cumulative ambient air impacts for comparison to the NAAQS. They are not suitable for applications beyond that scope of use. The quantity of data is sometimes limited and may be of uncertain quality. The ambient background concentrations- 1. Do not necessarily substitute for on-site monitoring data; i.e., for permitting actions subject to PSDrules, pre-construction monitoring may be required. 2. Indicate the ambient levels in general geographic areas, not a specific location. This is particularly true for particulate concentration values. 3.Are subject to change without notice as new information is acquired. Use of these background estimates should be accompanied by an appropriate citation that indicates their source and their limitations. Referencing this letter would be adequate, butan expanded explanation is suggested. If you have questions, I can be reached at 303-692-3226, or email: nancy.chick@state.co.us. Sincerely, Tc_'� I I DU"-k Nancy D. Chick Environmental Protection Specialist Air Pollution Control Division C:\backgroundconcentration\requestno. 177 A-2 Appendix B. IPaC Resource List IPaC U.S. Fish &Wildlife Service WaC resource list This report is an automatically generated list of species and other resources such as critical habitat (collectively referred to as trustresourcel under the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service's(US F WS) jurisdiction that are known or expected to be on or near the project area referenced below.The list may also include trust resourcesthat occur outside of the project area, but that could potentially be directly or indirectly affected by activities in the project area. However,determining the likelihood and extent of effectsa project may have on trust resources typically requires gathering additional site-specific(e.g.,vegetation/species surveys)and project-specific(e.g., magnitude and timing of proposed activities) information. � "% Below is a summary of the project informationyou provided and contact informationothe lSkWS office(s) with jurisdiction in the defined project area. Please read the introductio,�' ea Jon that follows(Endangered Species, Migratory Birds, USFWSFacilities,and N; 1 ,11ars) for additional information applicable to the trust resources addressed in th�atec� n Location r Eagle County, ColoradoON / f of of �// rj�i�/ Jr�✓ �% Local office Western Colorado Ecological Services F ield Office k. (970) 243-2778 Ila (970) 245-6933 445 West Gunnison Avenue,Suite 240 Grand junction, CO 81 501-571 1 bttp://www.fws.gov/mountain-prairie/es/Colorado/ ttp://w ofwsogov/pIatteriver/ B-1 Endangered species This uresoa irce lllist is foir fiiirmfoirimatfiioini ali Il a irposes oinr lly emir d does in t coinstfiituum tea in airm4llysis of project Illev&e iiiml 'acts. The primary information used to generate this list is the known or expected range of each species. Additional areas of influence (AOI)for species are also considered. An AOI includes areas outside of the species range if the species could be indirectly affected by activities in that area (e.g., placing a dam upstream of a fish population, even if that fish does not occur at the dam site, may indirectly impact the species by reducing or eliminating water flow downstream). Because species can move, and site conditions can change, the species on this list are not guaranteed to be found on or near,, the project area. To fully determine any potential effectsto species, additional site-specific ano, ''r�,Y project-specific information is often required. f Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires F ederalagencies to "request oar r, y ,J information whether any species which is listed or proposed to be listed mpy � r nen�'in the area ///// "r6'h,� of such proposed action for any project that is conducted, permitted,f�/6�led ''tcensed by any Federalagency. A letter from the local office and a species list whi ff' ulfills`lt�,h4requirementcan only be obtained by requesting an official species list from'at �r tf � ��Glatory Review section in Pf IPaC (see directions below) or fromthe local field officyd(�� )y. �,�,d Forprojectevaluationsthat requireUSFWScoutror ' ��ei , please return to the IPaCwebsite and request an official species list by doi g,�� foll`vng: 1. Draw the project location and �)jck dip NT UE. 2. Click DEF INEPROJECT. 3. Login (if directed to d so)°e, 4. Provide a name itd * ,r ion foryour project. 5. Click RE I�tTSP 'gIES LIST. Listed s�iecid$ aid their critical habitats are managed by the IEcoll.og.[e _II__S_ irv_._ii_ _ s_P_Ir_r� it rn of the U.S. ,,, , 0 Fg1�hAqc6a Vial life Service(USFWS)and the fisheries division of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Aaw" ration (NOAA F isherie!'-). Species and critical habitats under the sole responsibility of NOAA Fisheriesare not shown on this list. Please contact NOAA Fisheriesforspecies under their jurisdiction. 1. Species listed under the Endangered Species Act are threatened or endangered; IPaC also shows species that are candidates, or proposed,for listing. See the listing status ppag�j for more information. 2. OAA Fisheries also known as the National Marine FisheriesService(NM FS),is an office of the National Oceanic and AtmosphericAdministration within the Department of Commerce. The following species are potentially affected by activities in this location: Mammals NAME STATUS B-2 Canada LVOX |vnX[8n8densis Threatened Thereisfina| critical habitat for this species.Your location isoutside the critical habitat. htt gv/ecpL Birds NAME STATUS Mexican Spotted [)VVl StriXO[[ident8lis lU[id8 Threatened There is final critical habitat forthis species.Your location isoutside the critical habitat. .�t gQm/eLP-Ls Ye|lOVV'b|lled [U[kOO [o[[yzVIarneri[anVs Threatened There is proposed critical habitat for this species.Your location is A� 46 � outside the critical habitat. �� ��/���������7i � .__ � 0/0 NAME TUS Bonytail Chub Gila elegansEndangered This species only needs to be considered if thel applies: NO Water depletions in the upper Colorodo Riy, ?"K ye �4sin adversely need to be considere ojgq, t is outside of its occupied 77, habitat and doe ono� depl dVaterfromthe basin. There is fin ."o/ocriti a b iii or this species.Your location is outside "a VPT/Iffiv ------------------------------ ikerninnOvv(=S�U�vvfiSh) Pry[hO[hei|UI|U[iUs Endangered �0 ` ' 1"Thisspedeson|yneedstobeconsideredifthefoUowin%condition applies: * Water depletions in the upper Colorado River basin adversely affect this species and its critical habitat.This species does not need tobe considered if the project isoutsideofitsoccupied habitat and does not deplete water from the basin. There is final critical habitat forthis species.Your location isoutside the critical habitat. htt gv/ecpL Greenback Cutthroat Trout On[Orhyn[hUs[l8rkiistODOi8s Threatened No critical habitat has been designated for this species. htt gg&4ecp/s 8'3 Humpback Chub Gila cypha Endangered This species only needs to be considered if the following condition applies: • Water depletions in the upper Colorado River basin adversely affect this species and its critical habitat.This species does not need to be considered if the project is outside of its occupied habitat and does not deplete water from the basin. There is final critical habitat forthis species.Your location is outside the critical habitat. https.//ecos,fws.gov/ecp/species/3930 Razorback Sucker Xyrauchentexanus Endangered This species only needs to be considered if the following condition applies: o, • Water depletions in the upper Colorado River basin adversely �� affectthis species and its critical habitat.This species does not need to be considered if the project is outside of its occupied / habitat and does not deplete water from the basin. �r 'U. There is final critical habitat forthis species.Your location is outside dr/id 1 � �r� /� the critical habitat.Ili.Lps;//ec�.ls.fws,ggy!2'cp—.species/�i® F IoweringPlants 001M. NAME ' 1 STATUS liiiiiii%��f�' Ute Ladies'-tresses Spiranthes wiali /„ Threatened / ' l „ No critical habitat has been deb l ed fort is species. e % Lift s://ecr s.Fws gy/ec e... i r /%�/%/r Gn, AJIF i// C r it i itats i // � �Tectsto critical habitat(s) in this location must be analyzed along with the endangered 1" sp& ies themselves. THEREARE NO CRITICAL HABITATSATTHIS LOCATION. Migratory birds Certain birds are protected under the MigratoryBirclTreatyAct1 and the Bald and Golden Eagle ProtectionActZ. Any person or organization who plans or conducts activities that may result in impacts to migratory birds, eagles, and their habitats should follow appropriate regulations and consider implementing appropriate conservation measures, as described below. B-4 1. The MigLatory B irdsTreatyAct 0f191O. 2. The Bald and Golden Eagle ProtectionAct 0f194U. Additional information can be found using the following links: w Birds Of Conservation Concern ht �id-S • Measures foravoiding and minimizing impacts to birds http://www.fws.gov/birds/management j pOp w Nationwide conservation measures for birds htt gOV/r0g g ndf The birds listed below birds of particularh because theyh of Conservadon Concern(BCQ list or warrant special attention in your project location. To learq, more about the levels of concern f or birds on your list and how this list is generated, seejtK, below. This is not a list of every bird you may find in this location, nor a guarantee, ------------ this list will be f ound in your project area. To see exact locations of where brygrs a eral public have sighted birds in and around your project area, visit the.1E.-bi r,(/i((,Jdl rfttaa enter your location, desired date range and a species on your list). F/p,.' rpro'kct�that occur off the Atlantic Coast, additional maps and models detailing the relati//Ve ottg cOrre c�and abundance of bird species on your list are available. Linksto additional inf or, other important information about your migratory ir kJ i n u how to properly interpret and use your migratory bird report,can befound F orguidance on when to schedule acti eso ent avoidance and minimization measures to reduce impacts to migratory birds,,Dn rli c ick on the PROBABILITY OF PRESENCESUMMARYat project area. 100/111 NAME 4/10011, '01111, BREEDINGSEASON IS INDICATED FOR A BIRD ON YOUR LIST,THE BIRD MAY BREED IN YOUR PRO]ECTAREASOMETIME WITHIN 11,04, THE TIMEFRAME SPECIFIED, WHICH |SAVERYL|BERAL ESTIMATE DF THE DATES INSIDE WHICH THE BIRD BREEDS ACROSS ITS ENTIRE RANGE. "BREEDS ELSEWHERE" INDICATES |HA||HEB|RD DOES NOT LIKELY BREED IN YOUR P Bald Eagle H8li8eetUs leU[O[eph8lUs Breeds Dec 1 t0 Aug 31 This is not aBirdof Conservation Concern(BCC)in this area, but warrants attention because of the Eagle Act orforpotential susceptibilities inoffshoreareasfronncertain types ofdevelopment or activities. htt gv/ecpL 8'5 Olive-sided Flycatcher Contopus cooperi Breeds May 20 to Aug 31 This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska. https.//ecos,fws.gov/ecp/species/3914 Rufous Hummingbird selasphorusrufus Breedselsewhere This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC)throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska. https.//ecos,fws.gov/ecp/species/8002 Probabilityof Presence Summary The graphs below provide our best understanding of when birds of concern are most likely to be present in your project area. This information can be used to tailor and schedule your project activities to avoid or minimize impacts to birds. Please make sure you read and understalrl'°�Iqq, � "Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Migratory Bird Report"before using or atte ,,,��n' interpret this report. U Probabilityof Presence Each green bar representsthe bird's relative probability of presen1ge`1p the 1km grid cell(s)your is'1re r' si'ted as 12 4-week months.project overlaps during a particular week of the year.(A y % �� p ) 011 A taller bar indicates a higher probability of species proq�;dhwei lr rvey eff ort(see below) can be used to establish a level of confidence in the pre ne can have higher confidence in the presence score if the corresponding survU of ort i o high. io '1,,,04/ How is the probability of presence scorcalc'laded? The calculation is done in three steps: 1. The probability of pres r � , �h week is calculated as the number of survey events in the 11. week where the s�,,eci s wad c tected divided by the total number of survey events forthat i week. F ore/ampI�Jrf i�� k 12 there were 20 surveyevents and the Spotted Towhee was found in " -theme he probability of presence of the Spotted Towhee in week 12 is 0.25. �� �'° esentthe pattern of presence across the year,the relative robabilit of presence 2 To p�6p��1 1 YC�, p p Y p Y is'' alt�ulat,' d This is the probability of presence divided by the maximum probability of presence %at*1 s all weeks. Forexample, imagine the probability of presence in week 20 forthe Spotted towhee is 0.05, and that the probability of presence at week 12 (0.25) is the maximum of any week of the year.The relative probability of presence on week 12 is 0.25/0.25 = 1; at week 20 it is 0.05/0.25 = 0.2. 3. The relative probability of presence calculated in the previous step undergoes a statistical conversion so that all possible values fall between 0 and 10, inclusive.This is the probability of presencescore. To see a bar's probability of presence score,simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar. Breeding Season ( ) Yellow bars denote a very liberal estimate of the time-f rame inside which the bird breeds across its entire range. If there are no yellow bars shown for a bird, it does not breed in your project area. Survey Eff ort(I) B-6 Vertical black lines superimposed on probabilityof presence bars indicate the number of surveys performedforthat species in the 10km grid cell(s)your project area overlaps.The number of surveys is expressed as a range,for example, 33 to 64 surveys. To see a bar's survey effort range, simply hover your mouse cursor over the bar. No Data ( ) Aweek is marked as having no data if therewere no survey events for that week. SurveyTimeframe Surveysfrom only the last 10 years are used in order to ensure delivery of currently relevant information.The exception to this is areas off the Atlantic coast, where bird returnsare based on all years of available data, since data in these areas is currently much more sparse. probability of presence breedingseason ( surveyeffort no data SPECIES ]AN FEE MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV tt/`h./,.,„t, Bald Eagle .941,_ w.. VF Non BCC Vulnerable /(this is not a r oB'Ird of Conservation , C. `'� ��Li area,but ncern(warr)ant in his j attention because of if 1r10t /fJ/rIN ,. the Eagle Act or for /rr %Y, potential susceptibilities in % offshore areas from '! / certain types of development or ar �l activities.) 1 0 of il, r'OiFI , Olive-sided Al �� �� a.. ..�..�..w. ✓�y _. i i I % „..a. % F lycatcher ooiri / /, i „!/ BCCRangewide i �, '/i/od/1".„ (CON)(This is a Bird rE � aU„ of Conservation r% /i Concern(BCC) throughout its range „ / /M/ in the continental �/ �o USA and Ala Rofo�Pi,, Al Al .�..w. a. ... .... I � .. ....._.. a..a..a. ii w.. ...�.., B� Rari wide (CO KY.(This is a Bird of Conservation Concern(BCC) throughout its range in the continental USA and Alaska.) Tell me more about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize impacts to migratory birds. Nationwide Conservation Measures describes measures that can help avoid and minimize impacts to all birds at any location year round. Implementation of these measures is particularly important when birds are most likely to occur in the project area.When birds may be breeding in the area, identifying the locations of any active nests and avoiding their destruction is a very helpful impact minimization measure.To see when birds are most likely to occur and be breeding in your project area,view the Probability of Presence Summary.Additional measures and/or permits may be advisable depending on the type of activity you are conducting and the type of infrastructure or bird species present on your project site. B-7 What does IPaC use to generate the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location? The Migratory Bird Resource List is comprised ofUSFVVS BCC)and other species that may warrant special attention in your project|ocation. The migratory bird list generated for your project isderivedfronndataprovidedbythe Avian Knowledge Networ (&KN).The AKN data is based ona growing collection of and is queried and filtered to return a list of those birds reported as occurring in the 10km grid cell(s)which your project intersects,and that have been identified as warranting special attention because they are a BCC species in that area, an eagle(EagLe Act requirements may apply),or a species that has a particular vulnerabilityto off shore activities or development. Again,the Migratory Bird Resource list includes only a subset of birds that may occur in your projectarea. |tisnot representative of all birds that may occur in your project area.Togeta |istofaUbirdspotentiaUypresentinyour project area, please visit the E-bird Ex . What does IPaC use to generate the probabilityof presence graphs f or the migratory birds potentially occurring in my specified location? vrown" The probabilityof presence graphs associated with your migratorybird list are based on data pi"'OVIlVe".by t�,Jhe science datasets ---------------------------- 0011 FIN, Probabilityof presence data is continuously being updated as new and better nf r io ecomes available. To learn more about how the probability of presence graphs are produced to 'in rp et them,go the Probabilityof Presence Summary and then click on the"Tell me ab,,,,,u, ,t ' link. How do I know if a bird is breeding,wintering,migr n, ear-round in my project area? To see what part of a particular bird's range yq,,,urFpr&q'ect a, alls ithin(i.e. breeding,wintering,migrating or Cornell I ._A�.t.A.b.gU_(,.IBirdsIBirdGud or (if you are unsuccessful in locating h guide. If a bird on your migr t s list has a breeding season associated with it, if that bird does occur in your project area,ther e i*s present at some point within the timef rame specified. If`B reeds 01 elsewhere"is inclicatecl/r,//%� Jidlikelycloes not breed in your project area. 01 ge of concern for migratory birds? 4'[ delivered through I PaC f all into the f ollowing distinct categories of concern: angewide" birds are.B irds-of-Conservatioin Con-cern(B CC)that are of concern throughout their range anywhere within the USA(including Hawaii, the Pacific Islands, Puerto Rico,and the Virgin Islands); 2. ^BCC B CR"birds are B CCs that are of concern only in particular B ird Conservation Regions(BCRs) in the continental USA;and 3. "Non BCC Vulnerable"birds are not BCC species in your project area' butappearonyour |isteitherbecauseof the Eafte Act requirements(f or eagles) or(f or non-eagles) potential susceptibilities in off shore areas f rom certain types of development or activities(e.g.off shore energy development or longline fishing). Although it is important to tryto avoid and minimize impacts to all birds,eff ortsshould be made, in particular,to avoid and minimize impacts to the birds on this list, especially eagles and BCC species ofrangevvide concern.For more information on conservation measures you can implement to help avoid and minimize migratory bird impacts and requirements for eagles, please see the FAQsfor these topics. Details about birds that are potentially affectedby off shorepr jects 8'0 For additional details about the relative occurrence and a bun dance of both individual bird species and groups of bird species within your project areaofftheAt|anticCoast, p|easevisitthe Northeast Ocean Data Portal.The Portal also off ers data and information about other taxa besides birds that may be helpf ul to you in your projectrevievv. Alternately,you may download the bird model results files underlying the portal maps through the |O1eg g of Marine Q ird Distributions and Abundance on the Atlantic Outer Continental Shelf project webpage. B ird tracking data can also provide additional details about occurrenceand habitat use throughout the year, including migration. Models relying on survey data may not include this inf ormation.F oradditional information on marine bird tracking data, see the Diving and the 1a0o1ag studies ior contact Caleb LS i g2l »r9am Loring. What if| have eagles onmnylist? |f your project has the potential to disturb or kill eagles,you may need to.ob�i��_��]��to avoid violating the Eag|e Act should such impacts occur. Proper Interpretation and Use of Your Mi ratory Bird Report The migratory bird list generated is not a list of all birds in your project area, only a subset of/l/6' s concern.To learn more about how your list is generated,and see options for identif ),,p r i r s a e in your project area, please see the F AQ"What does I PaC use to generate the migrlS't b S ',tentially occurring in my specified location". Please be aware this report provides the"probabil�)Jithf pres ckof birds within the 10 km grid cell(s)that overlapyour project;not your exact projectfootprin n r fis provided, please also look carefullyat the survey effort(indicated bythe blackvertical bar)d,)rj 0 1 ex,,iste nce of the"no data" indicator (a mg red horizontal bar).A high survey eff ort is the key component."If.,t u rt is high,then the probability of "&Urveyeffort bar or no data bar means a lack presence score can be viewed as more dependable. of data and, therefore,a lack of certainty about pres/4`r/ce species.This list is not perfect; it is simply a starting point for identifyingwhat birds of concern ha ''t''e te I to be in your project area,when they might be there, and if they might be breeding(which rn/ ans sts e present).The list helps you know what to look forto confirm presence,and helps guide 6 11", n He[] LO implement conservation measures to avoid or minimize potential impacts f r r ,t activities,should presence be confirmed.To learn more about r e i t Tell me about conservation measures I can implement to avoid or minimize conservation measures,,/y,8it impacts to migrat b ��Voat '''Ottom of your migratorybird trust resources page. it National Wildlife Refuge lands Any activity proposed 0O lands managed hVthe National Wildlife Ref ugesystem must undergo O 'Compatibility Deter m i nation'conducted by the Refuge.Please contact the individual RefUge5to discuss any questions or concerns. |HEREAREND REFUGELANDSA||H|S LOCATION. Fish ����f-�~�����^���� K— U.°| U | U^"�~.| U~~. U~~.° 8'9 THEREARE NO FISH HATCHERIES ATTHIS LOCATION. Wetlands in the National Wetlands Inventory Impacts to INWI wetlands and other aquatic habitats may be subject to regulation under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, or other State/F ederalstatutes. Formore information please contact the Regulatory Program of the local U.So ArmyCorps of Engineers District THEREARE NO KNOWN WETLANDS ATTHIS LOCATION. f"o 9f`'„ Data limitations �� , ovowiiiooj� 01 ioiv�l�%z The Service's objective of mapping wetlands and deepwater habitats is to produce reconnaissancaJe �I information on the location,type and size of these resources.The maps are prepared from t 'Jh altitude imagery.Wetlands are identified based on vegetation,visible hydrology and geo q� by°r� miffgin of error %, '% is inherent in the use of imagery;thus, detailed on-the-ground inspection of any pP cul ,may result in revision of the wetland boundaries or classification established through imagranalys� y The accuracy of image interpretation depends on the quality of the imageryr rience of the image analysts, the amount and quality of the collateral data and the amount of g ouhd hjwu>`verification work conducted. Metadata should be consulted to determine the date of the souia�ry used and any mapping problems. Wetlands or other mapped features may have chan °d sin,", � to of the imagery or field work.There may be p p Y ��� occasional differences in polygon boundaries 't11fas ificatii between the information depicted on the map and the actual conditions on site. f'// f,/ Data exclusions / °& If& Certain wetland habita �ar/R ems,, 1 d fromthe National mapping program because of the limitations of aerial imagery as the� marya source used to detect wetlands.These habitats include seagrasses or submerged aquatic v f�tio6q hat are found in the intertidal and subtidal zones of estuaries and nearshore coastal waters. Someepwatr reef communities(coral or tuberficid worm reefs)have also been excluded from the inventory. T 401 because of their depth,go undetected by aerial imagery. Data precautions Federal,state, and local regulatory agencies with jurisdiction overwetlands may define and describe wetlands in a different manner than that used in this inventory.There is no attempt,in either the design or products of this inventory,to define the limits of proprietary jurisdiction of any Federal,state,or local government or to establish the geographical scope of the regulatory programs of government agencies. Persons intending to engage in activities involving modifications within or adjacent to wetland areas should seek the advice of appropriate federal, state,or local agencies concerning specified agency regulatory programs and proprietary jurisdictions that may affect such activities. B-10 uuumuum uumuu� uuum m m III ho um� m ' ho ho IIIII ul� IIIII III 'IIIIIIIIII uuuuuuuu puu IIIII IIIII it WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLAN FOR THE EAST VAIL WORKFORCE HOUSING SUBDIVISION TOWN OF VAIL, COLORADO Prepared for: Triumph Development 12 Vail Road, Suite 700 Vail, CO 81657 May, 2019 Western Ecosystems, Inc. BcoCogicaCConsuaants 905 'Nest Coach Road, BouCd-er, CoCorad-o 80302 (303) 442-6144 WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLAN FOR THE EAST VAIL WORKFORCE HOUSING SUBDIVISION, TOWN OF VAIL, COLORADO Prepared by: Richard W.Thompson, Certified Wildlife Biologist Western Ecosystems,Inc., 905 West Coach Road, Boulder, Colorado 80302 Submitted to: Triumph Development 12 Vail Road,Suite 700 Vail, CO 81657 Western Ecological Resource 711 Walnut Street Boulder, CO 80302 MAY, 2019 C:A...AVail Resorts\EastVailParcel\WE1\WorkforceHousing Subdivision 2018-\EIRWildlifeSections\EVWildlifeMnPlanMay2819 Final Wildlife Mitigation Plan East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................1 2.0 CHARACTERISTICS CURRENTLY REDUCINGWILDLIFE EFFECTIVENESS ON THE EAST VAIL PARCEL......................................................................................................1 2.1 I-70 AND THE FRONTAGE ROAD..................................................................................................1 2.2 HUMAN RECREATION........................................................................................................................ 1 2.3 FIRE SUPPRE SSIONAND HABITAT DETERIORATION........................................................ 3 3.0 WILDLIFE USING THE EAST VAILPARCEL...................................................................3 3.1 FOCAL WILDLIFE SPE CIE S OF CONCE RN................................................................................. 4 3.1.1 Bighorn Sheep............................................................................................................................. 4 3.1.1.1 Colorado Parks and Wildlife Seasonal Range Mapping.....................................4 3.1.1.2 Results of the E astVail 2017-2018 Winter Sheep Study...................................6 3.1.2 Peregrine Falcon......................................................................................................................... 8 3.1.3 Elk................................................................................................................................................ 9 3.1.4 BlackBear..................................................................................................................................11 3.2 OTHE R WILDLIFE SPE CIE S OF CONCE RN..............................................................................11 3.2.1 Migratory Birds.........................................................................................................................11 3.2.2 Raptors.......................................................................................................................................11 3.2.3 Fish.............................................................................................................................................12 3.2.4 Other Big Game Species.........................................................................................................12 3.2.4.1 MuleDeer...............................................................................................................12 3.2.4.2 Moose......................................................................................................................13 3.2.4.3 Mountain Goat......................................................................................................13 3.2.4.4 Mountain Lion.......................................................................................................13 4.0 2017 EAST VAIL PARCEL REZONING.............................................................................. 13 5.0 DEVELOPMENT DESIGN CRITERIA.............................................................................. 13 6.0 EAST VAIL WORKFORCE HO USING SUBDIVI SION PROPOSAL............................... 14 7.0 WORKFORCE HOUSINGDESIGN CRITERIA REDUCING POTENTIAL IMPACTS16 7.1 STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT CLUSTERING.......................................................................16 7.2 PARCELACCESS...................................................................................................................................16 7.3 ROCKFALL BERAI...............................................................................................................................16 7.4 DEVELOPMENT BUFFER................................................................................................................16 7.5 ASPENSCREENING...........................................................................................................................17 7.6 DEVELOPMENT SETBACKS FROM THE FRONTAGE ROAD CUT SLOPE..................17 7.7 COLORADO PARKS AND WILDLIFE SETBACKS..................................................................17 7.8 UNIT NUMBERS...................................................................................................................................18 7.9 INTERNAL PARKS...............................................................................................................................19 7.10 TREECLEARING................................................................................................................................19 Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 i Wildlife Mitigation Plan East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision 7.11 MAINTAINING SHE E PMOVE ME NTSABOVE THE FRONTAGE ROAD......................19 7.12 FENCING................................................................................................................................................19 7.13 HABITAT ENHANCEMENT...........................................................................................................20 7.14 HUMAN HABITATION-RE I-ATE DMINIMIZATION MEASURE SAND WILDLIFE MITIGATIONPLAN............................................................................................................................20 8.0 PROJECT-RELATED WILDLIFE EFFECTS.....................................................................20 9.0 WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLAN........................................................................................23 9.1 WINTERRANGE ENHANCEMENT..............................................................................................23 9.1.1 On-site Enhancement..............................................................................................................24 9.1.2 Off-site Enhancement.............................................................................................................27 9.2 CONSTRUCTIONRELATED MINIMIZATION MEASURES.................................................28 9.2.1 Wintering Sheep........................................................................................................................28 9.2.2 Nesting Peregrine Falcons......................................................................................................31 9.2.3 Other Construction-related Mitigation..................................................................................31 9.3 HUMAN HABITATION-RE I-ATE DMINIMIZATION MEASURE SAND MANAGEMENTPLAN.......................................................................................................................31 9.3.1 Requirements f or the Developer of the EastVail Workforce Housing Parcel...............32 9.3.2 Wildlife Requirements for Residents of the E astVail Workforce Housing Parcel........33 9.3.2.1 Recreation...............................................................................................................33 9.3.2.2 Pet Controls...........................................................................................................34 9.3.2.3 Resident Education Regarding Blac kBears/Trash Removal/ Nuisance Wildlife....................................................................................................................36 9.3.2.4 Resident Education on Mountain Lions............................................................37 9.3.2.5 Education on Wildlife Mortality on Local Roads...............................................37 9.3.2.6 Adjacent National Forest Lands.........................................................................38 9.3.2.7 Resident Education on Other Wildlife Concerns............................................38 9.3.3 Enforcement.............................................................................................................................38 9.3.4 Miscellaneous............................................................................................................................40 10.0 LITERATURE CITED...........................................................................................................40 11.0 APPENDICES........................................................................................................................42 A. APPENDIXA. WILDLIFE MONITORING REPORT FOR THE EASTVAIL WORKFORCE HOUSING PARCEL,TOWN OF VAIL,COLORADO..................................42 B. APPENDIX& EAST VAIL PEREGRINES—2018 NE STINGATTE MPT..........................42 Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 ii Wildlife Mitigation Plan East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision TABLE OF CONTENTS(CONTINUED) LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page Figure 2-1. Location of the 23.3-acre E astVail parcel, north of I-70's E astVail Interchange and composed of the 5.4-acre,Lot 1, Housing Parcel and the 17.9-acre,Tract A,Natural Area Preservation (NAP)Parcel. Also shown are contiguous and adjacent USFS and Town of Vail (TOV)lands. The TOV parcels to the west,the USFS parcel to the north,and the NAP parcel to the east compose the Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern on this project.................................................2 Figure 3-1. Bighorn sheep winter ranges mapped by CPW (Dec.6, 2017) in the vicinity of the 23.3-acre East Vail parcel(red outline). See text for range definitions. Bighorn sheep winter range (BSWR)and severe winter range (BSSWR) cover the same largest polygon shaded light blue. Winter concentration area(BSWCA)is shown in the two darker blue polygons..............................5 Figure 3-2. Active peregrine falcon nesting cliff complex and surrounding 0.5 mile buffer (shaded blue) mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the E astVail parcel (red outline)..................................................8 Figure 3-3. Elkwinter range (outlined in light blue)mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel (redoutline). In undeveloped habitats,which include the entire East Vail parcel, the winter range actually comes down to the north shoulder of I-70..............................................................................10 Figure 3-4. Blac kbear summer concentration area and human/bear conflict area(a single polygon outlined and shaded purple)mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the E ast Vail parcel(red outline)..............12 Figure 6-1. E astVail Workforce Housing Subdivision site plan..................................................15 Figure 8-1. Wildlife habitats affected by structural development on and adjacent to the 5.4 acre East Vail Workforce Housing parcel. The development footprint would affect 2.7 acres of a relatively young aspen stand with a mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry. Another 2.3 acres(not shown;see Triumph Development 2019) north of the development area would also be disturbed for the rockfall berm,reclaimed, but blocked by fencing from big game access. Approximately 0.3 acres of bighorn sheep winter foraging habitat,largely composed of smooth brome,wouldbe permanently lost. Approximately 1.7 acres of sheep winter foraging habitat, also composed of smooth brome and largely off-site,wouldnot be disturbed, but its effectiveness would be reduced by its linear configuration and location between the Frontage Road and the housing. The effectiveness of winter range to the west of the housing's driveway could also be impaired by housing-related traffic, but that area is difficult to quantify. Mitigation is proposed to better maintain habitat effectiveness.............................................................................22 Figure 9-1. Bighorn sheep winter range enhancement prescriptions proposed on 14.6 acres of the E astVail parcel(red outline) to compensate for winter range lost to, and affected by,development of the Workforce Housing project. See text f or prescription descriptions..................................................25 Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 iii Wildlife Mitigation Plan East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision 1.0 INTRODUCTION Vail Resorts (VR)owns the± 23.3-acre E astVail Workforce Housing parcel. Triumph Development is under contract to purchase the property and is interested in locating affordable housing on a portion of the property. The parcel supports important wildlife habitat and is closely surrounded by habitats and wildlife uses that are unique in the Gore Creek Valley. Development and human habitation of this site without designing it around the wildlife community,without safeguards, and without habitat enhancement would result in impacts that would be unacceptable to the loc alcommunity. This stand-alone Wildlife Mitigation Plan will be provided to residents of the Workforce Housing subdivision to educate them about (1) the parcel's setting, (2)the sensitivity of the loc alwildlife, (3)the effort that went into the development's design to avoid, minimize, and compensate forproject effects, and(4)requirements that residents must abide by to live in this sensitive setting. 2.0 CHARACTERISTICS CURRENTLY REDUCING WILDLIFE EFFECTIVENESS ON THE EAST VAIL PARCEL Some wildlife species using portions of the E astVail parcel are negatively affected by existing levels of surrounding development and human activity. Figure 2-1 shows the two parcels composing the 23.3-acre E astVail parcel and surrounding land ownership. The following parcel conditions affect current, on-site and off-site wildlife use and limit, to some extent, the additional, negative, potential development effects to wildlife. 2.1 I-70 AND THE FRONTAGE ROAD The parcel's southern boundary is located as close as 122 feet to the westbound lanes of I-70, one of the major ground transportation corridors across the United States. Locally, I-70 c onsistsof two westbound and two eastbound lanes with a posted 65 mph speed limit and supporting an average daily traffic volume of 29,000 vehicles (2016). The E astVail interchange and the west-bound on and off ramps are located on the opposite side of the Frontage Road from the parcel. There is virtually no location on the parcel where the sights, sounds,and smells of I-70 use are non-discernable 24/7/365. he current average daily traffic volume on the North Frontage Road is approximately 2,200 vpd (K.McDowell Schroeder,McDowell Engineering, pens.comm.May23, 2019) that are greatest during dawn through dusk. Most loc alwildlife have adapted to this relatively benign and predictable activity. The most acute Frontage Road traffic effects on wildlife are the harassment effects to bighorn sheep that occurs when motorists stop to view them when the sheep are close to the road. 2.2 HUMAN RECREATION There is a level of daily recreational use that occurs along the Frontage Road,some of which extends into the proposed development area,generally via the Booth Creek rockfall berm road and buried electric line corridor that bisects the center of the parcel. Uses,in order of decreasing frequency,include dog-walking, hiking, jogging, biking, motorcycle riding,and transients camping. Unauthorized use of the parcel occurs year-round,but is greatest from spring through fall when not curtailed by excessive snow depths. Low to Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2 019 1 Wildlife Mitigation Plan East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision Figure 2-1. Location of the 23.3-acre East Vail parcel, north of I-70's East Vail Interchange and composed of the 5.4-acre,Lot 1, Housing Parcel and the 17.9-acre,Tract A,Natural Area Preservation (NAP)Parcel Also shown are contiguous and adjacent USFS and Town of Vail (TOV)lands. The TOV parcels to the west,the USFS parcel to the north, and the NAP parcel to the east compose the Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern on this project. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 2 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision moderate numbers of primarily hikers also pass by the parcel's eastern flank on the Pitkin Creek Trail extending into the Eagles Nest Wilderness. 2.3 FIRE SUPPRESSION AND HABITAT DETERIORATION The East Vail parcel is located within an approximate 1,800-acre polygon of bighorn sheep winter range that extends along the south-facing slopes north of I-70. Over the last 2 0-30 years,aspen forest has encroached onto the East Vail parcel, as it has elsewhere in the local area. While mature aspen stands support some of the highest wildlife diversity values of any local vegetation type,they provide poor quality winter range f or the local bighorn sheep herd,which has declined in number over that same time period. Sheep also consider forest stands as restrictions due to their need to visually observe the landscape f or predators (e.g.,bears,coyotes,mountain lions,dogs,etc.;USFS 1998). Mature aspen stands have died and fallen creating jackstrawed deposits of logs that restrict and block sheep and elk movements through the winter range. Lastly, mountain shrubs have become decadent and much of their nutritious foliage has grown out of the reach of wintering ungulates (bighorn sheep and elk). In 1998, the Colorado Division of Wildlife (CDOW,now Colorado Parks and Wildlife, CPW) and U.S. Forest Service (USFS) recognized that there was an increasingly limited amount of accessible winter forage (quality and quantity) and nearby escape terrain f or sheep in the project area(USFS 1998). By suppressing wildfires on this winter range, the aspen and shrub components had become over mature and in need of vegetative treatment. The USFS (1998)proposed a habitat enhancement plan whose specific purposes were(1) to create a movement corridor (through downed aspen)for the bighorn sheep to be able to travel from Pitkin Creek west to Spraddle Creek,(2)to reduce the fuel loading to lessen the risk of wildfire, (3)to regenerate shrubland and aspen stands that are over mature, and(4),to improve the quantity and quality of forage (shrubs, grass,fortis)for big game(sheep, elk,and mule deer). The East Vail parcel was one of the USFS's proposed treatment areas. In 1998, the sheep population was estimated at approximately 125 animals (USFS 1998). Without implementation of the habitat enhancement plan,the USFS (1998)predicted that aspen stands would continue to age,disease and insect infestations would increase, and the stands would die. Dead and down timber would further restrict big game movements to winter foraging areas and escape terrain. The aspen and aged shrub communities would not regenerate. The shrub component (vital for wintering species)would continue to mature, die,and be replaced by grasses and fortis. Grass/forb communities that are covered by snow are unavailable to winter browsers. Lastly, the USFS (1998)predicted that without enhancement there would be fewer bighorn sheep as a result of continued habitat degradation. The enhancement project was approved, but not implemented because of community opposition to the use of fire (B.Andree,CPW,Jan.23,2018). Although there have been two small scale habitat enhancement projects below the Booth Creek cliffs and on the East Vail parcel ca.2000, the overall sheep winter range has deteriorated as predicted. Over the 2017/2018 winter,Thompson(2(48c) detected a total of 41 sheep largely confined to a small non-forested subset of their former winter range. Availability of effective winter range is arguably the greatest current threat to the East Vail sheep herd. 3.0 WILDLIFE USING THE EAST VAIL PARCEL Our understanding of wildlife on the East Vail parcel and in the surrounding area was documented using the results of past observations, discussions with wildlife professionals (e.g.,B. Andree, CPW District Wildlife Manager, pens. comms., now Ret), mapping and studies conducted by the CDOW and CPW and Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 3 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision USFS (e.g.,1998), along with site-specific seasonal surveys conducted between August 4,2017 and June 14, 2018 for the East Vail parcel Rezoning (Thompson 2017)and Workforce Housing (Thompson 2018b,c)processes. 3.1 FOCAL WILDLIFE SPECIES OF CONCERN There are four wildlife species of particular concern on this project,bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis), peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus anatum), elk(Cervus canadensis), and black bear (Ursus americanus). 3.1.1 Bighorn Sheep 3.1.1.1 Colorado Parks and Wildlife Seasonal Range Mapping Figure 3-1 shows the important bighorn sheep seasonal ranges mapped by CPW (Dec. 6, 2 017) in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel. The winter range and severe winter range polygons are approximately 1,800 acres and extend west from Pitkin Creek along the north side of I-70 nearly to I-70's Vail exit. This is the only sheep winter range mapped on either side of the Gore Range. Bighorn sheep winter range and severe winter range cover the same area and overlap most(± 75%) of the parcel. Winter range(BSWR) is that part of the overall range where 90% of the individuals are located during the average five winters out often,from the first heavy snowfall to spring green-up. Colorado Parks and Wildlife has not defined the winter range period f or this herd. Based on CPW's generic definition and considering winter range dates f or other big game species,average sheep winter range occupancy could be defined, on average, as November 15 to April 15 (dates inclusive). Sheep are present on portions of their winter range (i.e.,below the Booth Creek cliffs) outside this period because of salt and mineral blocks. Severe winter range(BSSWR)is that part of the winter range where 90% of the individual animals are located when the annual snowpack is at its maximum and/or temperatures are at a minimum in the two worst winters out of ten. The amounts, quality, and effectiveness of winter range are generally what Emit big game populations. The winter range and severe winter range polygon boundaries are not accurate based on the results of the 2 017-2 018 winter sheep study(Thompson 2018c). In the spirit of the mapping, the polygons were likely intended to extend southeast to the treeline along Pitkin Creek and down to the north side of the Frontage Road This would include most,if not all,of the East Vail parcel,although, based on the winter sheep study(Thompson 2 018c), the only meaningful foraging habitat used was that along the Frontage Road,below and mostly off of the parcel There is no I-70 game fencing in the area. Sheep likely used the habitat in what is now the Booth Creek residential area before its development. Sheep no longer enter the interior of that development and only use peripheral areas when no people are initially present. Winter concentration area(BSWCA)is a subset of the winter range where animal densities are at least 200%greater than the surrounding winter range density during the same period used to define the winter range,in the average five winters out of ten. Two BSWCA polygons occur within the winter range, neither overlapping the East Vail parcel, but habitat effectiveness of the nearest polygon could be influenced by residential development and habitation on the parcel. A bighorn sheep migration pattern (not shown in Fig.3-1) is a subjective indication of the general direction taken by migratory ungulate herds. In the study area,bighorns move downhill on the ridge between Pitkin and Booth Creeks during fall towards their winter range, then move uphill and follow this same general route in spring to their alpine summer range. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 4 Wildlife Mitigation Plan East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision Colorado Parks &Wildllfe Legend Bighorn Sheep Winter Range , 17.9 ac NAP r 5.4 ac WH Area BSSWR BSWCA BSWR I�hl VV ' ^ '" IIIIIIIIIII u I I , r M NYC.rY.IY Figure 3-1. Bighorn sheep winter ranges mapped by CPW (Dec. 6, 2017) in the vicinity of the 23.3-acre East Vail parcel(red outline). See text f or range definitions. Bighorn sheep winter range (BSWR)and severe winter range(BSSWR)cover the same largest polygon shaded light blue. Winter concentration area(BSWCA)is shown in the two darker blue polygons. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 5 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 3.1.1.2 Results of the East Vail 2017-2018 Winter Sheep Study Results of the 2017-2018 East Vail Winter Sheep Study(Thompson 2018c, App. A) are summarized below. The October 13, 2017 to June 14, 2018 wildlife study was primarily designed to detect and characterize winter bighorn sheep use on and in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel. The study employed five trail cameras (4 on the East Vail parcel,including 3 overlooking the development area,and 1 below the eastern Booth Creek cliffs),winter tracking,and binocular and spotting scope surveys of the 1,800-acre sheep winter range polygon. Winter severity' affects spatial and temporal,winter,big game use patterns. Compared to the prior nine years,winter 2017-2018 was below average f or total snowfall (-35%), total snowfall days(-40%), and mean base snowfall depth(-12%), and above average formaximum base depth(+3%). Shallower and less persistent snow in the East Vail project area over the 2017-2018 winter should have allowed sheep to use higher elevation habitats, more forested habitats 2 and a larger portion of their winter range than during average and harsher winters. Sheep use detected on the East Vail parcel over the 2017-2018 winter included foraging along the smooth brome-dominated cut slope above the Frontage Road on three occasions, forced travel through the potential 5.4-acre development area on two occasions, and a single animal travelling through the NAP portion of the parcel in May,outside the winter period. The south-facing cut slopes above the Frontage Road are non-forested and steeper than the aspen forest portion of the development area,resulting in shallower depths and less persistent snow that facilitated foraging. Trail cameras captured 125,699 images over the study period A total of 91 sheep3 were caught on two of the four trail cameras on the East Vail parcel during the winter range period,both of them in the 5.4-acre development area(where strategic camera placement covered all trails and much of the area 24/7). Sheep use of the property caught on cameras occurred on January 24,2018 (n=24 sheep) and 28 (n=28), February 7 (n=±15), and March24 (n=8),2018, and involved a total of 75 sheep. Allbut eight of the sheep (67 of 75 sheep) detected in the development area were associated with foraging along the cut slope above the Frontage Road on three days during the winter. In comparison,images of 534 sheep were caught on the single camera below the eastern portion of the Booth Creek cliffs (with a 4.4-ac.field of view). More meaningfully, sheep were detected on the four cameras on the East Vail parcel on four days compared to sheep detected on the single camera below the cliffs on 40 days. Although the entire 23.3 acre parcel warrants consideration as winter range, meaningful foraging only occurred on the cut slope below(andlargely off the East Vail development area forup to several hours at a time on three days. Thatforaging was stressful to the sheep because of the ensuing traffic jams, as motorists stopped to observe and photograph the sheep. On at least one occasion(Jan.25, 2018), the sheep where chased by some human disturbance from the cut slope into the interior of the East Vail parcel. It is possible that during more normal winters with deeper and more persistent snow depths,those ' Winter severity is generally an interrelated function of snowfall (amounts and persistence) and temperature. 2 Which support deeper and more persistent snow depths than non-forested habitats,all else being equal. 3 T his total includes a double counting of the same 24 sheep that were captured on Trail Camera(T C)2 and T C3 on Jan.24. Numeric differences (i.e.,91 vs.75 sheep)associated with double counting the same group of sheep on two cameras in the same day are attributable to the different minimum number of sheep visible on images from each camera vs.the actual number of sheep present(i.e.,not all sheep present were captured on one of the cameras). Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 6 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision grasses on the cut slope would not be available to the sheep. However,what foraging that occurs along the cut slope takes foraging pressure off other accessible winter range. The distribution of 222 bighorn sheep sightings over the course of the study was mapped in relation to the East Vail parcel and CPW's sheep winter range, severe winter range, and winter concentration area polygons. No sheep sightings were made outside of CPW's winter rangepolygon. Thatsighting distribution did not include the 625 sheep sightings recorded by all trail cameras during the study, all of whichwerewithin the2017-2018 sightings distribution. The visual sightings represent a spatial subset of overall winter range use over the relatively mild 2017-2018 winter. Sheep were at lower elevations within their overall winter rangepolygon and used southwest- and south-facing aspects that had the best snow- shedding characteristics, even though it was a mild winter. The cluster of sheep sightings and trail camera results below the Booth Creek cliffs to the west of the study parcel suggests that area is the most heavily used and most important block of winter range within the overall winter rangepolygon because of higher quality forage inclose proximity to escape cover. Four occasions of time lapse images of sheep foraging in the high quality habitat below the Booth Creek cliffs indicated that sheep appeared to select against foraging far into transitional aspen habitat above and to the west of the study parcel(i.e.,where sparse seedling to pole stage aspen extend west into the mountain shrub habitat below the cliffs). This "avoidance"behavior was more likely related to the quality, quantity, and availability of forage than to predator detection. Only 15% (266.28 acres)of CPW's 1,800-acrewinter rangepolygon was used during winter 2017-2018.4 T hatis likely a function of(1) the smaller present population of 41 sheep,(2)sheep now using the highest quality habitat available, (3) sheep avoiding forested habitats, (4)sheep restricted from some portions of theirwinter rangeby jackstrawed logs, and(5) sheep not usingisolated mountain shrub patches, over mature shrub patches with little available forage, and shrub communities whereforage has grown out of their browsing range Rams used more distant portions of winter range compared to ewes and lambs. With respect to minimum herd size and composition, the maximum number of sheep observed during the study at anyone timewas 39. Based on the observed sex and age composition of sheep,the herd was composed of at least 10 lambs,21 ewes,and 10 rams,totaling 41 sheep. Thehighest number of lambs (born in 2017) seen at any one time was 10 on two occasions. Therewas no detectable overwinter lamb mortality. The above numbers do not include a minimum of seven lambs born in 2018.5 4 Theacreage was calculated by encircling thelocations of all sheep detected over the 2017/2018 winter(see Fig.4-8 in Thompson 2018c) and addinglikely movement corridors and straight line segments between the outer locations. This estimate underestimates actual use because there were days during the study when no sheep or only a small number of sheep were observed. Although virtually all of the lowest elevation,highest quality,and most effective winter range was detectable from the valley bottom,some portions of CPW's winter range polygon were not visible from valley bottom observation points. For example,considering two observations of sheep in winter 2018-2019 by a T OV employee (G.Ruther,K.Bertuglia,T OV,pers. comm,Jan.10,2019),the winter range use polygon for those two winters would be 17%of the overall winter range. Furthermore,sheep never used the entire 1,800 acres of winter range during anyone winter. Thepolygon is a composite of winter sheep locations observed over manyyears as well as adjacent apparently suitable habitat. s The sheep study(Thompson 2018c)was not designed to extend outside the winter range period. Theselambs were opportunistically observed with 12 ewes and yearlings at the licks atop the rockfall berm cut slope on June 14,2018 coincident with peregrine monitoring. Assuming equal productivity of the other known ewes in the herd,the herd could have numbered 54-55 animals in mid-June,2018. This estimate was supported when Rick Spitzer,a local photographer,documented 54 sheep in East Vail on February 24,2019. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 7 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 3.1.2 Peregrine Falcon A cliff south of I-70's East Vail Interchange has been used in recent years for peregrine falcon nesting. The cliff is located 0.36 miles from the closest point on the East Vail parcel, on the opposite side of the Frontage Road,I-70, East Vail interchange on/off ramps,the East Vail Park and Ride,Vail Trail, Gore Creek,a social trail, and the East Vail Memorial Park. Colorado Parks and Wildlife's nesting area polygon is defined as the area that includes good nesting sites and contains one or more active or inactive nest locations(Fig. 3-2). Theboundaries are drawn based on professional judgment to include most known nesting habitat in the vicinity. Usually these areas are mapped as polygons around cliffs and include a 0.5 mile buffer surrounding the cliffs. r Figure 3-2. Active peregrine falcon nesting cliff complex and surrounding 0.5 mile buffer (shaded blue) mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel(red outline). Viable peregrine falcon nesting sites possess two components: (1) adequate nesting habitat and(2) extensive hunting habitat with an adequate prey base to support the adults and their offspring(Craig 1978). Nesting sites are located on precipitous cliffs ranging in height from 40 to 2,100 feet, averaging 200 to 400 feet tall. Several ledges, potholes, or small caves must be present in the cliff face to function as a suitable nest site. A breeding pair will frequently alternate their nesting activities to different ledges on a cliff face between years, and theywill often relocate to adjacent cliff faces. As a result, protective measures must address an entire cliff complex(and potential nesting areas)rather than an individual cliff. Nesting peregrines will not tolerate excessive human encroachment or prolonged disturbance in the vicinity of the nesting cliff. Any activity or development above the nesting cliff willlikely cause abandonment. Breeding peregrines become extremely agitated and may abandon the nest site if disturbance occurs during courtship, prior to the initiation of egg laying. Once birds have eggs or young, they have a strong fidelity to their invested resources. The CDOW (2008)recognized that"some individuals within a species also habituate and tolerate human activity at a proximity that would cause the majority of thegroupto abandon theirnests." The East Vail peregrines are examples of how wildlife,in Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 8 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision general, can habituate to chronic,but benign, human activities, although residential and golf course development along the valley bottom has reduced their prey base. In Colorado, peregrines usually return to nesting cliffs in late February or early March and initiate courtship activities,which continue to mid- or late April when eggs are laid. T he young hatch from mid- to late May and fledge (i.e.,leave the eyrie)in mid- to lateJune. Theyoung and adults remain in the vicinity of the nesting cliff up to several months after fledging. Extensive hunting habitat is a second key component of a viable peregrine nest site. Peregrines will frequently travel at least 10 miles f rom their eyrieto procure prey and they have been documented hunting up to 30 miles away from nest sites(G.Craig, CDOW,pens.comm.). It is,therefore,important to maintain the integrity of important hunting areas within at least 10 miles of the nesting cliff. All habitats within the 10-mile radius need not be considered essential habitat, since only those areas that attract or support peregrine prey need be protected. The primary prey captured by nesting Colorado peregrines are small to moderately-sized birds,such as blackbirds, doves,robins,flickers, jays,nutcrackers, meadowlarks, and pigeons, but prey as large as waterfowl are also taken. Any habitat that supports or concentrates birds should be considered essential to locally nesting peregrines. Key hunting areas fall into two categories: (1) those habitats that concentrate or support important prey species,and(2)those habitats that expose prey and make them vulnerable to peregrine attack. Peregrines capture their prey through precipitous dives from considerable height above their quarry. Peregrines must, therefore, frequent habitats permitting this type of pursuit. Peregrines do not hunt below the forest canopy,but capture birds flying above forests or across open expanses Larger prey are raked (with talons) or knocked out of the air and peregrines need open areas on the ground to recover them. Nesting cliffs, are generally situated at considerable heights above the surrounding terrain, so peregrines have a broad panorama from favorite hunting perches near the cliff top. Annual (2011-2017, n=5 yrs.) cliff monitoring by a longtime Vail resident(Anne Esson)indicated that the pair(s)successfully fledged at least two birds during each of the five years Monitoring of the nest cliff in 2018 indicated that the nesting attempt failed approximately 19 days after incubation was expected to have started (Thompson 2018b). It is unknown why the 2018 nesting attempt failed. Construction of a new sanitary water line on the south side of I-70's East Vail interchange and the falcons selecting a different nest ledge on the cliff in 2018, compared to prior years,were the only known independent variables that differed with those of past years. Therecould have been other common causes of the nest failure. Subsequent behavior of the female observed on June 14 suggested that the pair may have been in the process of a second nest attempt. However, cliff monitoring was discontinued f or the 2018 season after surveys by Thompsonand Esson out to July 1 failed to detect any evidence of peregrine presence. Monitoring of the nest cliff in 2019 detected at least one peregrine and a pair was suspected of nesting as recently as May 13 (A.Esson,Vail resident, pens.comm.,May 13, 2019). The East Vail parcel represents a small area of largely intact undeveloped habitat below and within fairly close proximity to the adjacent nest cliff. Its seral and relatively young aspen forest does not support even moderate concentrations of prey species that would be particularly attractive to birds using the adjacent nesting cliff, but it does support potential avian prey that could contribute to the local pair's prey base. 3.1.3 Elk Figure 3-3 shows one elk seasonal range mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel that warrants consideration. The elk winter range definition follows that provided forsheep,above. No elk winter range is shown overlapping the subject parcel, but that mapping is incorrect. T hewinter range Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 9 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision polygon boundary along the north side of I-70 appears to follow an assumed land ownership boundary. At the time of CPW mapping, the County's and the T oven's mapping assumed the East Vail parcel was in USFS ownership. Colorado Parks and Wildlife appears to have adopted the T own'sposition and extended the polygon along the U.S. Forest Service property line,rather than bringing it down to the north edge of the Frontage Road and I-70 where it should be. There are no mapped elk severe winter range or winter concentration areas in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel. CPW Elk Mcappin (Legend I7.9 ac NAP I EKWCA EKWR a Figure 3-3. Elk winter range (outlined in light blue)mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel (red outline). In undeveloped habitats,which include the entire East Vail parcel,the winter range actually comes down to the north shoulder of I-70. Results of the winter sheep study found that a minimum of 15 elk6 were occasionally present and moving back and forth between the Pitkin and Booth Creek drainages through the East Vail parcel Using the spike in the group as a marker, the same group of elk was captured on the three most widely separated trail cameras in the same night. Compared to the sheep,the local elk were more wary of human activity areas. Although some of their movements closely approached I-70 and the Frontage Road,they only did so under cover of darkness. Elk were only captured on the trail cameras at night and their movements between the Pitkin and Booth Creek drainages were completed at night. Evidence of elk foraging was captured on all cameras except one of threewithin the interior of the 5.4-acre development area. Concerted foraging was noted on cameras located below the cliffs and in the NAP area. Foraging in the meadow in the development area's northeast cornerwas opportunistic as animals were traveling. 6 Composed of 12 cows,2 calves,and a spike bull. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 10 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision Although there are areas of the East Vail parcel that may not be used because of terrain and proximity to human disturbances areas,for all practical purposes,the entire parcel should be mapped as elk winter range. The elk winter range on the subject parcel is part of a polygon containing the highest elevation elk winter range in the Gore Creek Valley and some of the highest winter range in the Eagle Valley. Thishigher elevation winter range is used more during the early part of winters and during milder winters when excessive snow depths have not yet pushed animals to lower elevations down valley. Nevertheless, these winter ranges are valuable because they support animals during portions of the winter when animals would otherwise be further down valley on increasingly smaller, more crowded, and less effective winter range because of collective habitat losses and the effects of human activities. Over the past 50 years there has been a considerable loss of big gamewinter range to secondary ski area development in the Eagle Valley. Winter ranges generally occur at lower elevations along valley bottoms that are dominated by private lands. Development of those lands has pushed elk further west down valley. In recent years,CPW have increased their hunting permits to increase harvest and reduce the elk and deer populations to levels that the smaller winter range acreage can support. 3.1.4 Black Bear Colorado Parks and Wildlife have mapped two black bear seasonal ranges in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel that warrant consideration (Fig.3-4). Black bear summer concentration areas are defined as those parts of the overall rangewhere activity is greater than the surrounding overall range during that period from June 15 to August 15. This entire polygon extends along and above the valley bottom from east of East Vail to west of West Vail. This designation has merit overlapping the subject parcel. During summer, the young, open-canopy aspen stands on the west end of the parcel supported a moderate density of berry-rich serviceberry shrubs that represent important summer forage forbears. A human/bear conflict area is represented by the same polygon along the Gore Creek valley bottom. Such areas are defined as that portion of the overall rangewhere two or more confirmed black bear complaints per season were received which resulted in CPW investigation, damage to persons or property (cabins, tents, vehicles, etc.),and/or the removal of the problembear(s). T his does not include damage caused by bears to livestock. 3.2 OTHER WILDLIFE SPECIES OF CONCERN 3.2.1 Migratory Birds TheEast Vail parcel supports a low to moderate diversity of largely migratory birds that reach peak numbers during the spring and mid-summer breeding season. Theavian community is typical of those associated with the habitats present and is largely uninfluenced by chronic human activity associated with the adjacent Frontage Road and I-70. 3.2.2 Raptors Red-tailed hawks (Buteo jalnaicensis) were the only raptor actually observed on the East Vail parcel during 2017-2018 wildlife baseline surveys. No raptor nests are present and the parcel is within the hunting territory of a pair of red-tailed hawks that nested on the south side of I-70 in 2018. Other raptors Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 11 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision observed in the vicinity of the parcel during field surveys that could hunt the parcel include peregrine falcons, golden eagles (Aquila chrysaetos), and sharp-shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus). 3.2.3 Fish The moderate gradient,intermittent creek bisecting the East Vail development parcel does not support fish. Stream water enters a 24-inch diameter culvert and flows under the Frontage Road and I-70 before dropping into Gore Creek that supports a fishery. T he culvert's drop prevents Gore Creek fish f rom attempting to colonize the creek during stream flows. Figure 3-4. Black bear summer concentration area and human/bear conflict area(a single polygon outlined and shaded purple)mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel(red outline). 3.2.4 Other Big Game Species 3.2.4.1 Mule Deer The only mule deer seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel are overall range and summer range. The closest mule deer winter range is 8.7 miles down valley to the west,north of I-70. Low numbers of deer are present on and around the parcel from May through October. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 12 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 3.2.4.2 Moose The only moose seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel are overall range and summer range. The closest moose winter rangeis 2.5 miles to the northwest in Spraddle Creek. Moose may occur on or in the vicinity of the parcel, as they may just about anywhere else in Eagle County. Moose is the only ungulate whose population is increasing in the Gore Valley (Andree 2017). 3.2.4.3 Mountain Goat The closest mountain goat seasonal ranges mapped by CPW in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel are overall range and summer rangein the Gore Range alpine, 2.3 miles up Booth Creek and 2.8 miles up Pitkin Creek. 3.2.4.4 Mountain Lion TheEast Vail parcelis located within a large polygon designated as a"mountain lion human conflict area" by CPW that includes all residential areas and trailheads from east of East Vail; to west of West Vail. Such areas are defined as areas where mountain lions have been involved in incidents (conflicts with humans that have serious results), an attack on a human, predation on domestic pets,or livestock held in close proximity to human habitation. Lion conflicts have increased since 2016 with most encounters involving the public encountering lions while hiking with their dogs(B.Andree, CPW,DWM [Ret.] 2017). In 2016, there were two incidents of dogs killed by lions and one lion was euthanized as a result. Lions are occasionally present on and around the East Vail parcel. 4.0 2017 EAST VAIL PARCEL REZONING The East Vail Parcel was originally zoned Two Family Residential,which would have allowed 30-45 homes and roads to be spread out across most of parcel with no open space required. Development under that zoning would have appreciably altered big game use on and surrounding the parcel,with no resident education,wildlife requirements reducing negative wildlife effects, or any on-site enhancement. After an assessment of development and natural resource considerations and via the T ownPlanning Process,Vail Resorts successfully rezoned the parcel Current zoning allows multifamily housing (zoned Housing Zone District) on the western 5.4-acre tip of the parcel,while preserving the more isolated 17.9 acres as Natural Area Preservation (NAP,open space). As a result of rezoning, development wouldbe clustered into 23% of the parcel closest to the Frontage Road and I-70 wherewildlife values are currently reduced to some extent by exiting human disturbances. A single, more isolated portion of the parcel(77%)extending into NFS land,would be preserved as open space(Thompson 2017). 5.0 DEVELOPMENT DESIGN CRITERIA Western Ecosystems,Inc.proactively developed an approach to Workforce Housing on the East Vail parcel that if incorporated into the project's design,would avoid, minimize, and offset potential direct negative development effects to wildlife to the extent possible The first draft of that document was finalized on February 28,2018, after the author (Thompson) gave a presentation entitled "Optimal development design" at theJanuary 18, 2018 Townof Vail Wildlife Forum. The document was finalized after the seven-month wildlife studyreport(Thompson 2018c)was finalized, but wellbefore the developer of the Workforce Housing parcelwas selected by Vail Resorts so that thewildlife criteria wouldbe Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 13 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision considered and incorporated as initial integral components of the project's design, rather than the common development approach of trying to retrofit measures into a plan lacking and resistant to wildlife considerations. A disclaimer in Thompson(2018a)indicated that"Thereis some flexibility in the implementation of these design measures and it should be recognized that some of these recommendations are contradictory. It willbe an iterative process to develop a design thatworks forwildlife and the developer." 6.0 EAST VAIL WORKFORCE HOUSING SUBDIVISION PROPOSAL The current East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision ("EVWHS") proposal(aka the Booth Heights Neighborhood) and this section is based largely on Triumph Development(2019). Triumph Development is under contract to purchase from Vail Resorts the 23.3 acre East Vail parcel,located at 3700 North Frontage Road. Recognizing both the need f or locals housing and nearby critical wildlife habitat, Vail Resorts rezoned the parcel from 23 acres of Two Family Residential to 5.4 acres of Housing and 17.9 acres of Natural Area Preservation set aside for wildlife, thereby clustering development onto 23% of the overall parcel. This application to the T OV proposes to develop the 5.4-acre"Lot 1" of the EVWHS in conjunction with wildlife enhancements and conservation on the 17.9 acre"Tract A". Thelatter will be one of the most significant wildlife enhancement projects in the history of the Town on private property. The development plan has been prepared with a conscientious focus on protecting wildlife It will include a substantial landscape area and berm to protect the neighborhood from rockfall and a fence on the north side of the property to create a physical barrier restricting neighborhood residents to important surrounding wildlife areas. The new development,in keeping with the purpose of the underlying Housing Zone district,would be a mixture of rental and f or-sale homes with more than 70% of the square footage built as Employee Housing Units("EHUs"). To that end,the applicant proposes 73 total residences comprised of 42 EHU apartments, 19 EHU townhomes, and 12 market-rate townhomes within 11 buildings (Fig.6-1). The apartments would be all 830-square foot; two-bedroom units with surface parking. Thetownhomes would be a mix of two- and three-bedroom homes ranging in size from 1,300 square feet to just under 2,200 square feet with one car garages, driveways with two outdoor parking spaces in most cases,and private outdoor space at the rear of most units. Each new home will include ample storage, durable long- lasting and fire-resistant building materials, such as cementitious siding and stucco,30-year asphalt shingle and metal roofs, oversized low-e glazed windows, R40+insulation, Energy Star appliances, and long-cycle interior finishes. The apartment buildings would have separate ground floor storage for bikes and outdoor equipment that are so prevalent among Vail residents. Therewould also bean outdoor community picnic and barbecue area and low maintenance and low water landscaping. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 14 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision PRELIMINARY LEGEND NOT FOR C.M LICTION cNoavrtr uw¢ W_Z�j s�ss ..-In+u, — oosnxM canoue Z z&_ S -u MI.INB il9/Q{ 0- a$ M ,.� Lga ' - �_ ceroaam rJuor+F s� Q i'B� mm�acm snwM ssrm z "+",wYr J,/r�m iMOPGIED Bdlll7EFM IETMi1Ml YAYL W H1 NICf#D M!E Qi TOIL NNL RML 00 . CP1P®C HCAI2 sw•r L HIV+ u b wfa 1 U i1' zW µ� � Q h CO MY�. r� _ �e� o d ��j \��•v f+rY,x741/ w u .map 7 y �Y 4 �.s 4 p m Ile i% MI Figure 6-1. East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision site plan. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 15 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 7.0 WORKFORCE HOUSING DESIGN CRITERIA REDUCING POTENTIAL IMPACTS Recognizing the wildlife benefits resulting from the rezoning (Section 4.0), the following design criteria that were incorporated into the Workforce Housing plan further reduced potential impacts. 7.1 STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT CLUSTERING Structural development (16% of parcel)has been clustered as close as possible to the Frontage Road and within the interior of the parcel(Triumph Development 2019). A small area(0.26 ac.) of the most isolated, relatively open habitat on the development parcel, and the best potential sheep foraging habitat away from the Frontage Road,would be avoided. That area could be added to the open space enhancement acreage and would be important f or better connecting the on-site enhancement with the heavily used sheep and elk winter range below the Booth Creek cliffs. The overall development footprint, including impervious surfaces,buildings, and snow storage is 2.7 acres(Triumph Development 2019), 50% of the 5.4-acre development parcel and 11.6% of the 23.3-acre East Vail parcel. While most of the remaining development area will be disturbed (e.g.,for the rockfall berm) and then landscaped, most of that restored habitat would be unavailable of of lower value to the wildlife community (focusing on big game)because of access restricted by the fencing and its interstitial location within the development matrix. Thus,big game would lose access to approximately 5.0 acres of habitat, 21.5% of the 23.3-acre East Vail parcel. Areas of direct and indirect habitat losses can be offset by on-site habitat enhancement. 7.2 PARCEL ACCESS Proposed parcel access off the Frontage Road at the existing rockfall berm road exploits the existing disturbance and provides the most gradual ascent to the development area, as recommended (Thompson 2018a). 7.3 ROCKFALL BERM A rockfall berm is proposed to the north of all structural development (Skyline Geoscience 2019) that is consistent with the recommended development design criteria (Thompson 2018a).. 7.4 DEVELOPMENT BUFFER With the exception of the initial driveway access onto the parcel, the Workforce Housing buildings and human activity areas would be well buffered by intervening forest cover from undeveloped surrounding habitats on TOV landsto the north and west and most private open space to the east. Temporary construction screening,berm installation, and tree plantings northwest of the driveway entrance that could screen project-related vehicles from nearby wildlife have been considered and could be constructed in areas that do not already have a berm/wall in time for the first bighorn sheep winter range season that is coincident with construction. The need and design for such screening will be resolved with CPW and the TOV during the planning process. The screening concern is that it would not be needed if sheep displaced by construction traffic during the day return and use that nearby habitat under cover of darkness, as sheep now use habitat along the Frontage Road Furthermore, temporary construction screening could actually block sheep from accessing and foraging in the± 1.7-acre smooth brome stand that is east of the Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 16 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision driveway entrance and above the Frontage Road,unless they went around the screen's end and onto the Frontage Road at night. 7.5 ASPEN SCREENING The on-site development effects wouldbe well screened (visually and somewhat acoustically) from the important sheep foraging habitat on NFS and TOV lands below the Booth Creek cliffs by a broad(444- 487 ft; see Fig.8-2,below) band of young to medium-aged aspen whose screening should increase as the trees age. However, there are issues to consider regarding the building heights warranting consideration. The upper floors of the buntings that would face undeveloped wildlife habitat to the north are three and two stories above grade. The tops of the habitable space(i.e.,the area below the bottoms of the roof lines)are approximately 32 and 25 feet above the ground on the multifamily buntings and uphill town house buntings, respectively. Maximum tree heights in this area are around 30-35 feet. The bunting heights extending above the current aspen canopy should not be a wildlife concern because of the broad intervening distances (444-487 ft) to occupied habitat and the local sheep being habituated to such sights as they look down on the Booth Creek neighborhood (e.g.,where the closest home is 107 ft downhill from the top of the rockfall berm). Furthermore, such inanimate objects are generally ignored by most wildlife. Perhaps,most importantly, portions of the buildings extending above the canopy are also less of a concern because none of the residential units have outside deck sabove ground level, as recommended in the design criteria (Thompson 2018a),where human activity could be visible and distracting to wildlife. 7.6 DEVELOPMENT SETBACKS FROM THE FRONTAGE ROAD CUT SLOPE Over the relatively mild 2017-2018 winter, sheep foraged along the smooth brome-dominated cut slope above the Frontage Road on three occasions(Thompson 2018c). While use of that habitat was limited, all sheep winter range is important, particularly considering the amount of habitat deterioration and high quality habitats lost to human development. Even limited foraging in small areas takes foraging pressure off other accessible winter range. Virtually all of that smooth brome foraging area is off the East Vail parcel and would not be directly affected by development. However, some type of development setback was sought(Thompson 2018a) to increase the likelihood that sheep would continue foraging along that cut slope under suitable conditions. . Along most of the parcel's southern boundary, a young aspen stand exists in much of the 20 foot building setback and on the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT)right-of-way(ROW)that would help separate and screen housing activity from the smooth brome foraging area below. Multifamily buildings 1 and 2 at the west end of the site overlap a shallow draw and would provide no setback from the foraging habitat and would even directly remove a small amount of foraging habitat. Realistically, the diurnal effectiveness of that narrow foraging area,located between the Frontage Road and the Workforce Housing development/ activity areas may not be possible to save, although sheep could still access the area at night. Nevertheless, those forage resources could be offset by winter range enhanced in more remote open space portions of the parcel and possibly on surrounding NFS and TOV lands. 7.7 COLORADO PARKS AND WILDLIFE SETBACKS With the exception of the two north-western townhouse buntings, which are setback 50 feet and 95 feet, respectively, the development plan would be consistent with CPW's past,arbitrary, 100-foot setbacks of residential development from private/ USFS property lines This residential setback from the USFS property is further enhanced along most of the property rockfall berm. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 17 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 7.8 UNIT NUMBERS The proposed 73 housing units is on the low end of the range of possible units(72 to 120 units) anticipated in the design criteria document (Thompson 2018a). Nevertheless, consideration of the individual, unit-related, design considerations relative to the 73 proposed units is warranted. 1. "While the fewer the number of units,the better forwildlife, there is practically not much difference within a ± 10-15% range of units,particularly if the development effects can be localized and buffered. Once a development gets to a certain size,a few more units have additional, but diminishing discernable effects. For this project,there is also a trade-off of clustering development as tightly as possible(i.e.,to minimize habitat loss and development effects extending off-site)versus keeping structural development with visible human activity' from extending vertically above the forest canopy and into view of wildlife on important surrounding habitats" (Thompson 2018a). The proposed number of units falls at the low end of the range of the number of units anticipated in the design recommendations. The proposed housing has largely been clustered as close as possible to the Frontage Road and within the parcel's interior and all outside, ground level human activity would be screened by existing aspen forest and rockfall berms/ walls from the heavily used sheep winter range to the west and northwest. 2. "...to that end,two story structures might be best,but three story buildings might also work. Stepping structures up the hillside on the parcelmighthelp keepmost of most structures below the canopy" (Thompson 2018a). The proposed buildings would be two and three stories on their north sides that face the important sheep winter range. All but the roof s of the buildings would be screened from wildlife view. Most importantly, all outside, ground level human activity would be screened by existing aspen forest and rockfall berms / walls from the heavily used sheep winter range to the west and northwest. There and there are no outside, west and northwest-facing, upper level deck sproposed on any of the buildings that would expose human activity, sounds,and smells to wildlife. 3. The number of units identified in the design criteria document (Thompson 2018a)was a surrogate for what really matters, the number of residents, which could not be accurately estimated until the project was designed. The proposed Workforce Housing would support 113 to 254 residents, depending on the number of people that would choose to live in a unite That number of people confined to the parking lot and in the buildings, clustered in the interior of the parcel and screened from important surrounding wildlife habitats is fine. The paramount issue associated with this project is not the habitat lost to development, or temporary construction disturbances, but keeping the residents away from the important surrounding habitats,particularly in winter.' That means no trails developed onto private open space,no use of the Booth Creek rockfall berm road(possibly a seasonal 7 An example of this would be an outside,north-facing deck on the upperlevel of a housing structure where human activity above the forest canopy would be visible to sheep on the hillside above. However,a roof or floor level without resident access to the outside(i.e.,an inanimate object)could extend above the canopy. e Source: Triumph Development,M.O'Connor,May 7,2019,pens.comm.,file:EVWHS Population Projection 051919.xlxs. 9 This was a conclusion reached amongst biologists at a May 14,2018 meeting held between Vail Resorts,the project biologist (Thompson),and CPW representatives (B.Andree,District Wildlife Manager,and Perry Will,Area Manager) to discuss the East Vail Workforce Housing project. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 18 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision of permanent closure of TOV open space),no on-site use of National Forest System(USFS)lands beyond(north of)the rockfall walls, no sidewalks alongthe Frontage Road,no dogs,no drones, resident education,penalties for non-compliance (including losing the lease),and HOA and Town enforcement. Details of these restrictions and Wildlife Requirements will be fleshed out in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan. While such avoidance and minimization measures may not have 100% compliance, the project's design, enforcement opportunities, and the leverage and consequences of resident non-compliance mak eit likely that compliance will be adequate to avoid significant adverse effects to the sheep herd. 7.9 INTERNAL PARKS As recommended in the design criteria (Thompson 2018a), there would be no sizeable internal park s,open space,of similar amenities, which could increase the footprint of the development area. The small community park and BBQ shelter is an internal location at the center of the site and would be screened from the Frontage Road with the proposed grading. There would also be small amounts of private outdoor space at the rear of each unit. This is highly preferable to upper level outside deck swhere some residents would grill and use for other activities, possibly in view of wildlife. 7.10 TREE CLEARING Tree clearing wouldbe consistent with the intent of recommended design criteria (Thompson 2018a). Tree clearing outside the development area(i.e.,on the NAP parcel)would be implemented to increase winter foraging habitat. 7.11 MAINTAINING SHEEP MOVEMENTS ABOVE THE FRONTAGE ROAD Consistent with the recommended design criteria (Thompson 2018a),the developer is not proposing excessive cut slopes,fencing, of entrance landscaping that could block east-west sheep movements along the north side of the Frontage Road. The TOV Public Work sDepartment has requested consideration of a public trail/sidewalk along the Frontage Road that would connect with the existing sidewalk ending west of Katsos Ranch Road, as well as a possible full-movement bus stop that would need to be located near the west end of the parcel(M. O'Connor,Triumph Development,Dec. 14, 2018 pens. comm.). Regarding both improvements, in addition to the direct loss of foraging habitat from trail and bus stop construction, the displacement of sheep from adjacent winter foraging habitat by pedestrians would affect sheep use not only below the East Vail parcel, but also the heavily used CDOT ROW and TOV open space to the west. A winter closure of such a trail would be difficult to enforce and would likely be ineffective. Should winter sheep use of the cut slope above the Frontage Road near the East Vail parcel be determined to be lost,a sidewalk could be considered east of the Workforce Housing access road. Although the project design documents have demonstrated adequate space and the ability to add these requested pedestrian and transportation improvements, a substantial new bus stop and pedestrian trail,eventually connecting to the Booth Creek neighborhood to the west is not recommended for the above reasons. 7.12 FENCING Fencing to block human access from the property into important surrounding wildlife habitat was Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 19 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision requested by CPW 10 before the Workforce Housing plan and the rockfall berm were designed. Such fencing would not only restrict humans from surrounding habitat,but also exclude big game from entering undeveloped and native landscaped areas of the development parcel(approx. 2.3 ac.). The need and design of fencing will be resolved with CPW and the TOV during the PEC/TC planning process, with details finalized during the Bulling Permit process. A fencing concern includes a design that allows big game(that will inevitably find their way into the subdivision at night then become trapped and panic onto an adjacent Frontage Road when residential activity increases in the morning) to safely exit the development area. Fencing and jump gate designs, similar to those that have been installed in wildlife fencing along I-70 in Eagle County,have been obtained from the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT,J. Peterson, CDOT Wildlife Program Manager) and would be incorporated into the rockfall berm to facilitate the needed egress. 7.13 HABITAT ENHANCEMENT Now that a detailed housing plan has been developed, the enhancement of bighorn sheep winter range (that will also benefit other wildlife [e.g., elk and mule deer]in the area)recommended in the design criteria document (ThompsDn 2018a),has been further refined (see Section 9.1, below). While the long-term viability of the local sheep herd is much more dependent on the implementation of a broad-scale enhancement plan on NFS and TOV lands supporting the vast majority of the winter range,Triumph Development plans to proceed with the enhancement of winter range under its control as soon as possible after receiving TOV approval. 7.14 HUMAN HABITATIOI' RELATED MINIMIZATION MEASURESAND WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLAN The Wildlife Mitigation Plan in Section 9.0, below,addresses topics related to Workforce Housing construction and resident habitation of the property, as recommended in the design criteria(Thompson 2018a). 8.0 PROJECT-RELATED WILDLIFE EFFECTS The proposed Workforce Housing is going to have a mix of negative and beneficial effects on the local wildlife community. There will be a net loss of habitat and wildlife displacement from development and human activity areas when 21.5% of the overall parcel is developed. Negative effects will include approximately five acres of direct habitat losses, " reduced habitat effectiveness of adjacent buffer zones, increased traffic along the Frontage Road and regional highways, and the displacement of wildlife around off-site recreation corridors that will likely be used by housing residents." Potential negative development effects have already been somewhat reduced through the rezoning process that concentrated development on 23% of the parcel, as well as further avoided, minimized, and compensated with(1) the incorporation of wildlife-oriented design criteria into the development's design (Section 7.0 and 9.2), (2) with on-site 10 At a May 14,2018 meeting with Vail Resorts. 11 Le.,2.7 acres from direct habitat losses and fencing blocking wildlife access to another 2.3 acres of the parcel. 12 With resident education,fencing/barriers,and aggressive fines and enforcement,these recreational impacts will be minimized on lands surrounding the East Vail development area that are important f or sheep winter range and other wildlife uses. However,additional,incremental recreational impacts will occur along other existing trail corridors in Eagle County that bisect wildlife habitats as a result of increased recreational use of those trails by Workforce Housing residents. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 20 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision habitat enhancement proposed on 14.6 acres of the parcel that will remain undeveloped (Section 9.1), (3) with the implanentation of wildlife-related construction and operational considerations (Section 9.2), and (4) with the implementation and enforcement of the human habitation-related minimization measures and management plan(Section 9.3). The beneficial effect would be the enhancement of sheep and elk winter range that is not currently effective for sheep because of fire suppression effects. Additional details of project effects are contained in the wildlife section of the 2019 Environmental Impact Report submitted to the TOV as part of the planning and approval process for this project. Figure 8-1 shows wildlife habitats that would be affected on and adjacent to the 5.4 acre East Vail Workforce Housing parcel. The development footprint, including the driveway and parking lots, buildings,the rockfall wall, and ancillary facilities, would affect approximately five acres of a relatively young aspen stand with a mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry. That area of habitat represents 21.5% of the 23.3-acre parcel; 78.5% of the parcel would remain undeveloped. Undeveloped habitat on 14.6 acres of the East Vail parcel would be enhanced as big game(bighorn sheep and elk) winter range. Mule deer, elk,and other wildlife with affinities to mountain shrub habitat would also benefit. Using the results of the 2017-2018 wildlife study(Thompson 2018c), additional sheep winter range enhancement, probably involving hundreds of acres,is under consideration on surrounding NFS lands and TOV open space. Most wildlife present in development areas at the time of construction will be displaced to adjacent habitats, some of which will be occupied. Small mammals, the young of cavity nesting birds,and a reptile (garter snake, Thamnophis elegans) may be killed, depending on the time of year that site clearing starts. The size of the development area likely supports the home ranges of several to a handful of individual bird and smallmammal species. After project development and habitation, the development parcel will support those wildlife species tolerant of human development. The effectiveness of habitats surrounding the development to the north,east,and west would be reduced, to a certain extent,by noise,visual, and olfactory disturbances emanating from the development. Distances would vary by species and would be attenuated by screening forest, distance, topography, and the chronic disturbances extending through the parcel from the adjacent Frontage Road and I-70. Birds and smallmammals would be the least affected by the adjacent development. Elk would exhibit the broadest avoidance zones. Workforce Housing-related traffic increases may incrementally increase wildlife road-kill probabilities on the Frontage Road and along regional highways. Buildout of the East Vail parcel is expected to generate a total of 290 external vehicle trips over the course of an average weekday, including 17 trips during the morning peak hour and 24 trips during the afternoon/evening peak hour(McDowell Engineering 2019). Ten to 20% (29-58) of those contributions would be on the North Frontage Road while 70-80% (203-232) would be on I-70. These additional contributions represent and average of 9.9 % and 0.8% of the current, average, daily traffic volumes on those respective roads and highways. Increased road-kill probabilities on I-70 resulting from the additional Workforce Housing traffic would be discountable relative to the low mortality associated with current high traffic volumes and should not affect local big game because they don't cross the highway in the vicinity of the project area. Sheep are occasionally present during winter Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 21 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision wu �lu 11py i�(at Legend of u�2M C,t E Direct Winter Foraging Habitat Impacts 0.2 ac. Lf,� W Dire ctWlnterForaging Habitat I m pacts 0.1 ac_ OP Winter Foraging Habitat Displacement 1 7 ac_ Workforce Housing Footprint 2 6 ac iHkA7 w0�'ud"�l�ipilryNd w;awuui lillll m wi rU' �hitasHo !full t �,,r 9u� HWU r mw1E0 t!d4gl ° �uwlii Igra vun�wui �+��io�um��l iy �k� mr v tlp��i a a i wlHia�y nN 11 P. � ����/na xr.✓ i � �n'wn�is �m A( � , I Habitats Affected tiivw�cp 5.4 acre East'�ail '4�J'c►rkfc�rce Hauling �� Parcel wh m w ear Figure 8-1. Wildlife habitats affected by structural development on and adjacent to the 5.4 acre East Vail Workforce Housing parcel. The development footprint would affect 2.7 acres of a relatively young aspen stand with a mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry. Another 2.3 acres(not shown;see Triumph Development 2019) north of the development area would also be disturbed for the rockfall berm,reclaimed, but blocked by fencing from big game access. Approximately 0.3 acres of bighorn sheep winter foraging habitat, largely composed of smooth brome,would be permanently lost Approximately 1.7 acres of sheep winter foraging habitat, also composed of smooth brome and largely off-site,would not be disturbed, but its effectiveness would be reduced by its linear configuration and location between the Frontage Road and the housing. The effectiveness of winter rangeto the west of the housing's driveway could also be impaired by housing-related traffic, but that area is difficult to quantify. Mitigation is proposed to better maintain habitat effectiveness. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 22 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision conditions along the Frontage Road and have been known to lick salt off the road and a few may even cross the road to forage between the road and I-70. Increased sheep road-kill probabilities on the Frontage Road are possible,butunlikely becau seof good horizontal visibility along the road, becau sethe sheep are habituated to the traffic, and becau semost road mortality occurson roads and highways where posted speeds are? 45mph(Gunther et al. 1998). In the vicinity of the site,the North I-70 Frontage Road has a posted speed limit of 25 mph eastbound and 45 mph westbound. Resident participation in public transportation would reduce potential traffic impacts. The Mitigation Plan contains a section that wouldeducate residents aboutthisissue. Resident education abou tthe parcel's sensitive location in wildlife habitat and the implementation and enforcement of the Wildlife Mitigation Plan,with significant penalties for violators, (App.G) should redu ceand confine potential habitation effects to the parcel's development area and minimize the potential effects of greatest concern (recreationists and dogs)from extending off-site. Issues specific to individual species and wildlife groupsare discussed below underthose accounts. 9.0 WILDLIFE MITIGATION PLAN Project-related effects on the local wildlife community can be further minimized with the implementation of this Workforce Housing Wildlife Mitigation Plan Three categories of mitigation measures are outlined, below,(1) sheep winter range enhancement, (2) construction-related minimization measures, and(3) habitation-related minimization measures. The first two sections related to the East Vail parcel are relevant to the developer while the last section primarily applies to residents. Section 9.3 will likely be developed as a legally binding, stand-alone document that residents will be required to read,sign,and abide by shouldthey wish to live in this setting. 9.1 WINTER RANGE ENHANCEMENT Even with the implementation of minimization measures, Workforce Housing development is going to result in the permanent loss of approximately five acres of bighorn sheep and elk winter range and redu cc the effectiveness of surrounding habitat. Construction would remove 0.3 acres of sheep winter foraging habitat on the East Vail parcel(Fig.8-1). Wintering sheep could also be displaced by construction activity from two nearby foraging habitats, (1) the cu t slope above the Frontage Road that is below the development area(1.7 ac.) and(2)from nearby TOV open space,west and northwest of the of the project's driveway entrance.13 Sheep displacement from adjacent foraging areas could also continue during the habitation phase of the project. To compensate for lost and impaired habitat,the developer is proposing on-site habitat enhancement on 14.6 acres that would more than offset winter foraging habitat losses to the development. Enhancement treatments could occurin fall 2019 and spring 2020 following initial Development Application approval. Increased forage would be available to compensate forthe direct and indirect habitat losses that would and might occur during construction in winter 2020-2021 and thereafter. Suggestions are also provided in this section for what enhancement might be implemented on surrounding publiclandsto better connect the private East Vail parcel enhancement with other winter range segments also in need of enhancement,with or without the Workforce Housing. Proposed winter 13 As a worst case scenario,animals might be completely displaced from these foraging areas(i.e.,in addition to their diurnal displacement,theywould not forage in these areas during the 16 hou rsof the day when construction is not occurring and human activity has ebbed). Conversely,and more likely,if animals that may be displaced from these foraging areas during the day return to forage in this adjacent habitat undercover of darkness,as they do now,there would be little meaningful reduced habitat effectiveness. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 23 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision range habitat enhancement on private and publiclandswas presented to and discussed withTOV, CPW, and USFS representatives on January 11, and February 6 and 8, 2019. 9.1.1 On-site Enhancement The above direct and indirect effects to sheep winter range can be more than offset via on-site habitat enhancement on a portion of the 17.9 acre NAP parcel. On-site enhancement is generally best for wildlife becau seit benefits the individual animals affected by the development. It is rare for a development project to have the opportunity to implement any meaningful percentage of habitat enhancement on-site to offset its impacts,let alone enhance more than what is needed. The enhancement would be oriented at restoring bighorn sheep winter range,which has been degraded over the last 30 years by aspen encroachment, fallen aspen,and a mountain shru b community where muchof the browse has grown outof the reach of sheep and elk, all effects of wildfire suppression. The enhancement would also benefit elk winter range a se and black bear and muledeer summerrange use Figure 9-1 shows 14.6 acres of habitat on the East Vail parcel that wouldbe enhanced for sheep and elk winter range. Additional enhancement couldoccuron 0.26 acre in the undeveloped northeast corner of the 5.4-acre development parcel The overall enhancement area is shown as a blu epolygon,the bottom of which is above the shoulder of the steep slope dropping down to the valley bottom. The shoulder occurs in the vicinity of the ca. 1998 fire line or historic road. The untreated mountain shrub habitat below the shoulder is suitable for treatment, but there is assumedto be some need for(1) a physical barrier to prevent people from climbing u p to the enhancement area(which does not currently occu r)and(2) stabilizing vegetation to retard any runoff from above(although it may not be a practical concern in this small, gently-sloping enhancement area). If these concerns are invalid, the enhancement area couldbe larger. There is also a need to maintain a band of young aspen with a dense chokecherry understory and jackstrawed logs west of the Pitkin Creek Trail as a physical restriction and visual barrier between the trail and the enhancement area. Within the enhancement area are threetreatment categories, described below,wherethe common enhancement goalwouldbe to restore the mountain shrubcommunity within the browsing height of big game that is normally maintained by periodic wildfires (Fig. 9-1). While broadcast burning14 to restore the mountain shrub community couldbe the most cost effective, quickest, and most widespread treatment option that would best meet the goal of mountain shru brestoration/reinvigoration and nutrient recycling, the approach recommended by the TOV would involve cutting and stacking trees and downed logs, cutting shru bs,then burning the slash and log piles when dry(P.Cada and M. Novak, TOV,Jan. 11, 2019 pers.comm.). Soils sterilized and vegetation removed at burn piles shouldbe reseeded with a wildlife mix suitable for the site." Fertilizing as soon as possible after spring snowmelt wouldincrease forage availability forthe first winter post-treatment. With two exceptions, enhancement prescriptions differ between the three treatment categories (Fig. 9-1). First,the entire enhancement area is in need of pruning to remove shrub stems that are out of reach of wintering big game and to stimulate new nutritious growth that is available for winter browsing. This is 14 Prior broadcast bu try,conducted by the TOV on their open space below the Booth Creek cliffs and on what is now the East Vail parcel's NAP area was marginally successful in late 1990's (pers.comm.between,P.Cada,TOV,and M.O'Conner, Triumph Development,Jan.30,2019). 15 To be developed by the silviculturalist. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 24 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision a If I I f ;r a al I 1 ' I I� a i i i I� li tl 'i u 6 � L I 4 Gx 4 f a� I I a 14.6-arc. Winter Range Enhrancement Rxs 0 i 0 Figure 9-1. Bighorn sheep winter range enhancement prescriptions proposed on 14.6 acres of the East Vail parcel(red outline) to compensate for winter range lost to, and affected by,development of the Workforce Housing project. See text for prescription descriptions. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 25 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision best accomplished in early spring when shrubs are still dormant and before they begin contributing resources to the new year's growth. Pruned stems,' with new multiple shoots within the browse range of ungulates,would be available as forage for the following winter (e.g.,winter 2020-2021)if pruning is prioritized to start as early in spring 2020 as possible. Second,the entire treated enhancement area could be fertilized" to increase forage nutrition and grass,fort, and shrub productivity. Fertilizing in spring, before (preferred), during, or after other treatments,would increase forage availability forthe following winter. The effects of fertilizing last f or three growing seasons. The 3.9-acre"mature aspen"stand on the parcel is regenerating and consists of young to overly mature trees with an overly mature mountain shrub understory dominated by chokecherry (Fig. 9-1). Most trees18 should be removed and the shrub understory pruned, as above. Felled trees should be cut into lengths that can be carried to piles. Logs and slash piles should be spaced apart(e.g.,? 10-15 ft.)such that they do not restrict animal movements. Shrub pruning, tree canopy removal, and increased light penetration to the shrub understory would stimulate increased forage production that would be available the following winter. Tree removal would stimulate aspen suckering. The branches of aspen suckers within the browse range of sheep and elk would provide additional forage. However,when sucker foliage has grown out of the browse range (e.g.,every ± 5-7 yrs.),it should be cutback to provide available forage and to prevent aspen stand regeneration. "Jackstrawed logs"are mature aspen that have died and fallen. At a certain density, they impede and block big game movements, reducing and eliminating forage and other habitat values that would otherwise be available. Winter snow cover makes such areas even more inaccessible. There are 4.8 acres of such "jackstrawed logs"in the enhancement area that impair sheep movements and reduce forage availability (Fig. 9-1). Those polygons contain the same vegetative composition as the 5.9-acre"over mature shrub" community,which consists of young, sparse to dense,aspen seedlings and pole stage trees with a chokecherry-dominated mountain shrub understory and a dense graminoid understory. Most of the chokecherry branch tips have grown out of the reach of ungulate (sheep,deer,and elk)browsing. In these areas,in addition to the shrub pruning and the removal of young aspen;" described above,the logs should be piled and burned to where they no longer restrict big game movements. Triumph Development intends to proceed with the private land enhancement in either the fall of 2019 or spring 2020, subject to receiving initial TOV Planning and Environmental Commission (PEC) approval of the project. On Town land and private property in the TOV, there are no regulations, official permitting process, Town Code, or State requirements to conduct the type of enhancement proposed above on the East Vail parcel(pers. comm.,P. Cada,TOV,and M. O'Conner,Triumph Development,Jan. 30,2019). 16 E.g.,shrub pruning could consist of a two-man team lassoing(using a 15-20 ft.length of rope with loops on the ends to encircle and tightly cinch the shrub,then us a chainsaw to cut shrub stems at shrub-specific heights where the new growth would be available to big game as winter browse. " Since 1986, the CDOW/CPW has been aerially fertilizing(i.e.,treating 1.57 acres of habitat once every three years in perpetuity to offset each 1.0 acre of habitat lost to development) of big game winter range in the Eagle Valley to increase its productivity and offset habitat losses(based on CDOW research in Middle Park). The application rate is 300lbs.of ammonium nitrate per acre(=1001bs.of nitrogen/acre)and treatments are effective forthree growing seasons. Application under suitable (moist) soil conditions in spring 2019 would require hand spreading. Occasional aerial application thereafter might be coordinated with CPW. 1s Except those needed for"feathering"to create a more organic shape to the clearing where the aspen stand meets the USFS property line. Young aspen with branches within the browse range of sheep and elk(e.g.,4 ft.above ground level)could be left to help create this visual form. 19 I.e.,those whose branches have grown out of the winter browse range of ungulates. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 26 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision The TOV Fire Department(FD)recommends enhancement treatment approval through the PEC application process for the whole project rather than a separate process. TOV FD has the capability and permission to implement cut/pile/burn projects and would be willing to help with the East Vail enhancement. Practically,it would work better if the TOV FD would do the piling to facilitate an efficient burn. The Work Plan would be prepared by the TOV FD. Some direction from a silviculturalist on the final appearance of the cleared forest, how and when to trim shrubs, reseeding, etc.,is recommended. Triumph would pay forFD time, likely a crew of three,working fortwo to three months f or nine to 15 acres, doing work by hand,plus the planning time. The subsequent pile burns will likely occur start in the following spring or fall when the logs have dried and there is sufficient(min.4 in.) snow on the ground. Treatment access will likely be via the Pitkin Creek trail (to most of the large open space area) and via the rockfall barrier catchment corridor (to the enhancement area in and adjacent to the northeast corner of the 5.4-acre development area). Any access track(s) from the trail will be blocked and restored upon completion of the project to discourage pedestrian access. To maximize the effectiveness of the enhancement area and surrounding habitats, there should be no trails or non-authorized human access onto the NAP parcel and no trails emanating from the Workforce Housing parcel onto surrounding TOV or NFS lands. Triumph Development is also aware that for maximum effectiveness of their enhanced winter range,it should be "connected"with current high quality habitats on NFS lands via non-forested corridors,including (1) the currently suitable, but over mature, winter range below and east of the main Booth Creek cliffs, and with(2)the cliff band above the East Vail parcel(as relayed to the U.S. Forest Service [USFS] on Feb. 6, 2019). Triumph will provide east-west connectivity through the site on the uphill side of the rockfall berm. This on-site winter range enhancement could complement a larger project now under consideration by the Town,USFS, and CPW to treat other areas within the overall sheep winter range polygon 20 However,with the undetermined timeline and uncertainty of enhancement approval by the USFS,this off-site enhancement is not part of the Triumph's proposal f or the East Vail project. With the above habitat enhancement, the 15.6 acres of treated habitat would provide a larger amount of isolated, better quality sheep winter range(foraging habitat) than what currently exists and would more than offset the winter foraging habitat located adjacent to the Frontage Road and I-70 that would be directly (0.3 ac.) and indirectly (.) affected by the new housing project While the entire 3.3 acre development footprint and adjacent habitat represent sheep winter range,its value as foraging habitat is limited to 0.25 acres on-site and the narrow band of largely non-native smooth brome along the cut slope above the Frontage Road,which is almost entirely off the parcel and would not be developed. Therefore, the extent of the compensatory replacement of lost project-related foraging habitat is even more apparent. 9.1.2 Off-site Enhancement The East Vail Workforce Housing project has enlightened the Vail community about the bighorn sheep herd and has become a catalyst prompting the TOV and resource agencies (the USFS and CPW)to again consider broad scale habitat enhancement, the real key to maintaining this herd. Most of the habitat within the 1,80 0-acre sheep winter rangepolygon is in need of some type of enhancement to restore and reinvigorate the mountain shrub community that is normally maintained by periodic wildfires. Such a widespread enhancement plan,similar in scope and approachto thatproposed by the USFS in 1998, is now under preliminary consideration with the TOV,USFS, and CPW. Few of the personnel involved and familiar with the 1998 habitat enhancement proposal are currently available. Suggestions were provided to 20 Initial meetings to discuss this project occurred on Jan.11 and Feb.5,2019. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 27 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision Town and agency personnel regard what and where enhancement might be implemented on surrounding public lands to better connect the private East Vail parcel enhancement with the larger treatment area, with or without the Workforce Housing. This potential enhancement in the immediate vicinity of the East Vail parcel was also presented to and discussed with TOV and CPW representatives on January 11, 2019 and with TOV,USFS, and CPW representatives on February 5, 2019. As of the spring 2019,some of this enhancement on Town of Vail property is underway. 9.2 CONSTRUCTION-RELATED MINIMIZATION MEASURES Temporary (i.e.,1-2 yr.)construction disturbances will affect wildlife on and adjacent to the parcel. Of greatest concern are potential effects to wintering sheep and nesting peregrine falcons. The following minimization measures that would be implemented by Triumph Development would reduce potential negative effects. 9.2.1 Wintering Sheep Construction would remove 0.3 acres of winter foraging habitat on the East Vailparcel(i.e.,in the vicinity of the multifamily buildings' footprint and the driveway entrance;Fig.8-1). Wintering sheep could also be displaced by construction activity from two nearby foraging habitats,(1) the cut slope above the Frontage Road and below the development area(1.7 ac.) and(2)from the nearby CDOT ROW and TOV open space,west and northwest of the of the project's driveway entrance. Combined, all of these areas support three+ acres of foraging habitat dominated by smooth brome. See Section 3.1.1.2, above,for comments regarding the stress level of sheep foraging close to the road, the frequency and amount of foraging on and adjacent to the development area, and the importance of this f orage to wintering sheep. While sheep displacement from the cut slope below the construction area is most likely, most construction activity within the parcel's interior would be screened by intervening trees from the important foraging habitat to the west and northwest. The exception to this would be disturbances from vehicles entering the site where no effective screening is present to the west. In consideration of the construction activity's displacement significance on the wintering sheep,the most obtrusive disturbances from site clearing, excavation, grading and wildlife/rockfall berm construction would not occur outside buildings during the winter range period Some outside activity (which would largely be screened forview)such as framing and skinning the buildings would occur during the first winter, and any activity during the second winter would be largely inside the buildings. As a worst case scenario, animals completely displaced from adjacent foraging areas(i.e.,in addition to their diurnal displacement, they would not return to forage in these areas during the 16 hours of the day when construction is not occurring and human activity has ebbed,as now occurs)theywould have to obtain their forage from other areas of their winter range. Colorado Parks and Wildlife's sheep winter range polygon is approximately 1,800 acres. However, during winter 2017-2018, sheep only used 15% (277 acres)of the area within that polygon (Thompson 2018c).2' While thatpercentage underestimates winter range actually used by the sheep,the five acres of winter foraging habitat that would be removed and unavailable to wintering sheep represents 1.8% of the winter range used during winter 2017-2018. That is a relatively small proportion of available habitat, however all winter habitat is important not only forthe 21 That is likely a function of(1)the smaller(than in past years)present population of 41 sheep,(2)sheep now using the highest quality habitat available,(3)sheep avoiding forested habitats, (4)sheep restricted from some portions of their winter range by jackstrawed logs,and(5)sheep not using isolated mountain shrub patches,over mature shrub patches with little available forage,and shrub communities where forage has grown out of their browsing range. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 28 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision forage it provides, but also by reducing foraging pressure on other areas of winter range. The range of measures that would minimize and offset, temporary, construction-related,winter range reductions include: 1. Schedule construction phasing so the most obtrusive disturbances do not occur outside buildings during the winter range period" Initial clearing and site work,when heavy equipment would be operating and when disturbances would be greatest, should not occur during any winter. The framing through dry-in phase could overlap the first winter. All of that activity, other than framing, enclosing, and outside finishing of the upper floors,would be screened from sheep winter rangeto the west by a broad band of aspen forest. Most construction noise should blend in with noise associated with I-70 and the Frontage Road. Thereafter, the final inside finishing phase would have the least obtrusive disturbances. 2. Conduct construction activities only during daylight hours, excluding emergencies. This would give sheep the opportunity to enter foraging areas adjacent to construction areas(i.e.,where they may be diurnally displaced) under cover of darkness and forage (as they do now in diurnal human activity areas near the Frontage Road),minimizing any reduction of forage availability. 3. With the exception of construction traffic entering the parcel on its western tip,virtually all construction activity23 would be screened from sheep winter range to the west by a broad band of aspen forest. To better maintain sheep winter rangehabitat effectiveness on the CDOT ROW and TOV open space to the west of the project's driveway entrance, temporary construction screening, berm installation, and tree plantings northwest of the driveway entrance that could screen project- related vehicles from nearby wildlife have been considered. The need and design for such screening will be resolved with CPW and the TOV during the planning process. The screening concern is that it would not be needed if sheep displaced by construction traffic during the day return and use that nearby habitat under cover of darkness, as sheep now use habitat along the Frontage Road. Furthermore, temporary construction screening could actually block sheep from accessing and foraging in the± 1.7-acre smooth brome stand that is east of the driveway entrance and above the Frontage Road,unless they went around the screen's end and onto the Frontage Road at night. Should screen be needed,a berm or temporary, non-transparent construction fence that visually blocks construction traffic (and subsequent housing traffic) could be installed before the first winter construction season where traffic would enter the parcel A berm could be seeded with an initial mix to stabilize the soils without irrigation. Thereafter, the berm could be reseeded with site-appropriate vegetation that would provide winter forage values. After construction,whenproject utilities are functional, trees could be strategically planted on areas around the berm to better screen traffic entering/ leaving the site. Irrigation would be needed f or tree establishment and maintenance. Tree species,tree density, screening width, and topography should be considered. Conifers,whose lower branches would not lift,would be most effective. Screening effectiveness would increase overtime and would be beneficial over the life of the project. The location of those plantings may extend onto TOV open space where permission would be required to landscape. 22 CPW has not defined the winter range period f or this herd. Their generic winter range definition is that part of the overall range where 90%of the individuals are located during the average five winters out of ten,from the first heavy snowfall to spring green-up. Based on that definition and considering winter range dates f or other big game species,average sheep winter range occupancy could be defined,on average,as November 15 to April 15 (dates inclusive). Sheep are present on portions of their winter range(i.e.,below the Booth Creek cliffs)outside this period because of salt blocks. 23 Other than framing of the upper floors,but certainly all ground-level activity. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 29 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 4. Prohibit all construction personnel from bringing non-service animals on-site at any time of year. 5. A rockfall berm is planned f or the upslope edge of the development area(Skyline Geoscience 2019). The tree and shrub-less rock collection area uphill of the wall could function as a corridor facilitating wildlife movements around the development area. That narrow corridor could be cleared of jackstrawed logs and extended to the open mountain shrub below Booth Creek cliffs with the USFS's permission. Fencing to block human access from the property to important wildlife habitats beyond was requested by CPW24 before the Workforce Housing and the rockfall berm was designed. The need and design of fencing along the rockfall berm to block restrict resident access will be resolved with CPW and the TOV during the planning process. The fencing concern includes a design that allows wildlife that might enter the development area to exit safely. The following design criteria are under consideration: a. If fencing is required,it should be continuous to keep residents and domestic animals in and wildlife out. A fence midway down the uphill side of the berm would allow a portion of the berm to be used as wildlife habitat and a wildlife movement corridor. An eight-foot-tall cyclone fence would be recommended. Closure signs spaced on stakes along the base of the rockfall berm would not restrict access as effectively as a fence. b. Jump gates(i.e.,like those installed along fenced sections of I-70)mightbe the most appropriate features to allow wildlife that might enter the development area under cover of darkness to safely exit,while also preventing wildlife from entering the property. Their locations and design would require consultation with CPW,the landscaper, and geotechnical personnel, but by locating these fences on the uphill side of the berm,regularly spaced jump ramps can be incorporated into the berms grading. Fencing and jump gate designs, similar to those that have been installed in wildlife fencing along I-70 in Eagle County, have been obtained from the Colorado Department of Transportation (CDOT,J. Peterson, CDOT Wildlife Program Manager) and would be incorporated into the rockfall berm to facilitate the needed egress. c. Access to the barrier catchment area should be secured with similar fencing. d. Any rockfall wall/ fencing configuration should be continuous along the north and east property lines. e. Signs(e.g.,"Important wildlife habitat. Area behind sign closed to all non-authorized access year-round. Trespassers will be prosecuted.") should be strategically placed on at jump gates and at the fence ends to remind and educate residents and guests about the restricted access. 6. If debris removal from the barrier catchment area occurs during the early peregrine falcon nesting period(May and June,inclusive) and there are large boulders that must be broken into smaller fragments, use expansive grout rather than blasting. Depending on when in on-site habitat enhancement is initiated and depending on what the treatment consists of,there could be increased forage availability on the entire 14.6 acres f or the first winter of construction. Fertilizing and shrub cutting would provide an immediate response, followed by a gradual increase in habitat quality and forage availability over the following years Treatments have been and can continue to be implemented on TOV open space and the CDOT ROW to the west of the East Vail parcel 24 At a May 14,2018 meeting with Vail Resorts. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 30 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision (both of which are in need of enhancement),whose vegetative response would be available to sheep in the first winter of Construction(see Section 9.1.2, Enhancement on TOV Lands). Those treatments could total up to 20.0 acres or more. 9.2.2 Nesting Peregrine Falcons A pair of peregrine falcons have nested on a cliff on the opposite side of I-70 from the East Vailparcelin recent years(Thompson 2018b,c). The pair is largely habituated to the chronic traffic and human activity below their cliff. Most Workforce Housing construction activity should not affect the pair because of their level of habituation, the distance of the nest cliff from the closest construction activity (0.36mi.), and the considerable amount of noise,traffic, and recreational activity present between the parcel and the nest cliff. For the same reasons,habitation of the Workforce Housing,which will be similar to other East Vail subdivisions to the east, west, and below the cliff, should not meaningfully affect nest success. However, there is one potential component of Workforce Housing construction could adversely affect their nesting success,blasting. It is unknown if blasting will be needed,but if it is,it should be conducted outside of the March 15 to July 31 (dates inclusive) nesting period or until fledging. It is unknown if blasting could be adequately baffled to attenuate noise and shockwaves from hitting the cliff(>_1,923 feet awayf5 and startling the birds Blasting during the incubation period(early to mid-May to mid June;Cade et al. 1996, Craig and Enderson 20 04)would likely produce the greatest negative effects that could jeopardize recruitment. 9.2.3 Other Construction-related Mitigation In addition to the above sheep and falcon measured the following would minimize, temporary, construction-related,impacts on the broader wildlife community: 1. Prohibit all construction personnel from bringing dogs on-site at any time of year. 2. Prohibit all construction personnel from feeding or baiting wildlife. 3. To minimize conflicts with black bears, all construction activity on the parcel shall have available certified bear-proof trash receptacles for the disposal of any refuse associated with food or drink No food products or food containers should be thrown in the larger roll-off style dumpsters. Receptacles shall be adequately distributed to facilitate use and be in place before any ground disturbance occurs. All construction personnel associated with the project shall be initially briefed about the bear issue and the need to properly handle and dispose of all materials that can attract bears. At no timewill any refuse,that has been associated with food or drink,be allowed to be available to anywildlife species. 4. All vehicle windows should be kept closed and doors locked on all vehicles to prevent bear entry. 5. Sediment basins and other Best Management Practices should be implemented to contain construction-related erosion and sedimentation on-site and prevent parking lot runoff from reaching Gore Creekwhereit could negatively affect fish and other aquatic biota. 9.3 HUMAN HABITATION-RELATED MINIMIZATION MEASURES AND MANAGEMENT PLAN In addition to construction impacts, resident habitation of the Workforce Housing will have additional 25 As measured in Google Earth. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 31 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision ongoing effects to on-site and off-site wildlife communities. This section and its reference to preceding sections of the Wildlife Mitigation Plan identifies (1) tasks to be implemented by the developer and(2) Wildlife Requirements for residents of the East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision to avoid and reduce these effects. It is anticipated that these commitments and requirements will be incorporated into the subdivision's Development Application, approvals, and any Home Owners Association (HOA) governing documents. The term"Responsible Party' shall mean any resident, owner,tenant, family guests of the resident, owner,or tenant of the East Vail Workforce Housing parcel. 9.3.1 Requirements for the Developer of the East Vail Workforce Hou singParcel The following additional recommendations should be implemented and/or overseen by the developer and its selected apartment management company ("Hou sing Management") to further avoid and minimize wildlife-related habitation effects. 1. The planting of gardens and fruit/ nut bearing trees or bushes on the parcel will be prohibited because bears will be attracted to these plants inclose proximity to residences. If flowering trees are desirable,the developer should consult with a local landscaper to select a sterile variety that produces flowers,but no fruit. 2. There shall be no roads or trails developed on the undeveloped portion of the East Vail parcel. Such roads and trails would encourage recreational access,which is expressly prohibited21 outside of the development area year-round. Unauthorized hiking and biking trails developed by third parties on the East Vail parcel shall be promptly deconstructed and reclaimed as soon as possible after they are discovered. Of paramount concern on this project is prohibiting all recreational use of Town of Vail (TOV) open space to the west,,the East Vail parcel Natural Area Preservation Parcel to the east, a National Forest Service lands to the north (i.e.,the"Surrounding Wildlif e Areas of Concern;" see Fig.2- 1), some of which are vital to the small bighorn sheep herd. There are currently no official recreational trails on thoselands between the Pitkin Creek trail to the east and the Booth Creek trail to the west. If and when Housing Management becomes aware of any such trails on those surrounding public lands,they shall promptly notify the appropriate land owner about the trail so that it may be decommissioned. 3. There shall be no outside storage of any trash or garbage, no matter how briefly (e.g.,overnight), at any residence within the development, unless it is in a fully enclosed structure or contained within commercial-size,bear-proof containers,which meet North American Bear Society, Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW), or U.S. National Park Service specifications, or are of a custom design approved by CPW. Housing Management shall provide an adequate number of trash containers, distributed around the development to encourage and facilitate their use, and arrange and maintain a trash collection schedule that is adequate to prevent trash"overflow" that could attract and lead to bear conflicts. A separate bear-proof trash container shall be provided at the BBQ shelter. 4. Because the mountain shrub community within the bighorn sheep winter range polygon (see Section 3.1.1.1) is unlikely to be naturally maintained by periodic wildfires,it will need to be periodically restored and reinvigorated via some type(s) of enhancement, such as those prescriptions recommended in Section 9.1. In the best interest of the sheep,consideration and implementation of such 26 Except as may be needed for(a)access to the rockfall wall cleanout area(b)authorized wildlife assessment, (c)periodic habitat enhancement, (d)utility maintenance and repairs,and(e)emergencies. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 32 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision enhancement should occur approximately every 15-20 years The owner or HOA responsible for the NAP parcel should undertake these enhancements periodically on its property. 5. Owner of the East Vail parcel will develop and implement a weed management program on and around the development area. Such a plan would be most important in the first few years following development and habitat enhancement. 6. The developer will post signs around the property informing the Responsible Parties of the Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern and the prohibition of accessing these areas by their lease or HOA Documents. 9.3.2 Wildlife Requirements for Residents of the East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel The East Vail Workforce Housing parcel is located adjacent to the most important block of bighorn sheep winter range in the valley. It also supports other important wildlife values. The development and habitation of the project is going to have negative effects on the wildlife community. However, the potential negative effects have been,and will be, avoided, minimized, and compensated with the parcel's rezoning, (2)the incorporation of wildlife-oriented design criteria into the development's design, (3)with on-site habitat enhancement, and(4)with the implementation of wildlife-related construction and operational considerations. The last component required to avoid and minimize project-related impacts on the local wildlife community is for residents to recognize that they are living in a sensitive wildlife setting and that they must strictly abide by the following Wildlife Requirements to maintain the wildlife community. It was only with the implementation of all of these wildlife protection measures that Workforce Housing was authorized on this site. 9.3.2.1 Recreation Inappropriate recreational use beyond the Workforce Housing development area could adversely affect continued wildlifeuse of surrounding lands, some of which are vital to the small bighorn sheep herd. This is the paramount wildlife concern on this project. Lands of particular concern include TOV open space to the west,National Forest Service lands to the north, and the East Vail Natural Area Preservation parcel to the easy that extend above the East Vail parcel to the highest cliff band,hereinafter the"Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern" (see Fig.2-1). There are currently no official recreational trails on those lands between the Pitkin Creek trail to the east and the Booth Creek trail to the west. Therefore,in the best interest of the sheep,the following recreation-related measures shall be enforced to minimize negative effects and will be implemented in partnership with the Town of Vail: I. The TOV will use its authority as a municipality and property owner to enact and enforce protective restrictions on nearby Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern at appropriate times during the year, including but not limited to,closing privately owned parcels to access,and assisting the property owners withpolicing and preventing trespassing violations. 2. Responsible Parties will be prohibited from accessing the Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern during the times of year that the TOV determines that the property should not have human presence, which can include complete closure of privately owned property. This particularly includes the gated Booth Creek rockfall berm road that starts immediately west of the Workforce Housing driveway entrance. This measureis focused on protecting and maximizing bighorn sheep use of the habitat. While sheep are generally present from October through July,they may be present in this area year- Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 33 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision round. Any human presence could reduce sheep habitat effectiveness' and have negative effects on the herd. Because of habitat deterioration,winter range losses,and other factors, no further habitat losses or reduced habitat effectiveness should occur. 3. Colorado Parks and Wildlife specifically requested the fencing that extends along the northern and eastern boundaries of the development area as a physical barrier to restrict and discourage resident use from extending into the important Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern. Subject to TOV approval, the developer will install fencing recommended by CPW along the north side of the rockfall berm and eastern boundaries not already protected by natural grade. 4. Responsible Parties are prohibited from flying drones on the housing parcel and on or around the Surrounding Wildlife Areas of Concern year round. 5. Responsible Parties are encouraged to recreate along existing official trails elsewhere in the area, to understand and follow all associated trail rules,including seasonal trail closures f or wildlife, and not to use or create volunteer trails. 9.3.2.2 Pet Controls Most pets and those properly controlled do not negatively affect wildlife. Of all pets,dogs present the most conflicts. Domestic dogs are carnivores and all breeds have the potential to be predators at some level. All domestic dogs werewolves or their wild canine relatives and 7,0 0 415,0 0 0 years of domestication and out-breeding aggression (Kendall 2002,Savolainen et al.2002)has not bred all predatory tendencies out of all breeds. At some level, domestic dogs still maintain instincts to hunt and/or chase prey. It is well established that domestic dogs,including a loose or temporary"stray" dog that might originate from Workforce Housing, could harass,chase,exhaust, bite,injure,severely maul,or kill wildlife, including sheep,deer, and elk. In addition, free-ranging domestic cats are the top human-caused threat to wildlife in the United States,killing an estimated 1.3 to 4 billion birds and 6.3 to 22.3 billion mammals28 annually (Loss et al.2013). Because of the sensitivity of the Workforce Housing parcel'slocation in wildlife habitat and in the winter range of a small bighorn sheep herd,where the mortality of a single individual could negatively affect herd viability, the avoidance of any conflict betweenpets and wildlife must be avoided. Therefore, each of the following East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel Pet Policy (aka the General Pet and Dog Policy) measures shall be included in the development application commitments, any leases f or residents, and/or HOA documents enforced to minimize negative effects to wildlife. General Pet, Service Animals, and Emotional SupportAnimals Policy As background, residents who have need of assistance from "service animals" 29 or "emotional support 27 Habitat effectiveness may be thought of as the ability of wildlife to use the amount,quality,and distribution of available forage and cover without being impaired from that use by human activities and developments. 28 Including mice,shrews voles,squirrels and rabbits. 29 Service animals include dogs and are individually trained to do work or perform tasks f or the benefit of an individual with a disability,including a physical,sensory,psychiatric,intellectual,or other mental disability. Tasks performed can include,among other things,pulling a wheelchair,retrieving droppeditems,alerting a person to a sound,reminding a person to take medication, Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 34 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision animals" 30 are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act(ADA) and/or the Fair Housing Administration Act(FHA). Other applicable Federal, State,and/or local laws and regulations may also apply. Such animals will not be prohibited or limited from the development and instead will be required to follow the rules and regulations of the community to the extent allowed by Federal and Colorado law. 1. All dogs shall be prohibited in any rental property on the East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel at all times, except f or those that have valid documentation as a service animal or emotional support animal, which shall be provided to Housing Management. This prohibition applies to all Responsible Parties renting units in community. This measure reduces potential dog issues from those associated with 73 units to 31 units,with the possible exception of service or emotional support animals. 2. Owners shall be limited to harboring no more than two dogs on the East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel at any time. No resident shall be limited to the number of service or emotional support animals. 3. Other than pets of owners,no pets of family, guests, and/or contractors of residents will be permitted on the parcel other than service animals, emotional support animals, or other animals as required by Colorado and Federal law. 4. Any animal within the parcel must be under the direct control of its owner or Responsible Party at all times. 5. Anytime an animal is outside of the residence it shall be controlled by a leash of no more than 12 feet in length, unless it is a service animal that must be unleashed to perform its servioes. 6. An exception to Measure 6, above,is that owners may construct an outdoor facility(i.e., a dog run or kennel) that is adequate to contain the dog(s) when outside and unattended and then only f orlimited periods of time,not to exceed 30 minutes,to allow the dog to"do its business,"before its return to the residence. Dogs kept in a kennel or dog run for longer than 30 minutes shall constitute a violation of these rules. Enclosed runs or kennels must:(a) be located immediately adjacent to the home,surrounding an outside door, and as best possible attached to andintegrated intothe design and visual appearance of the residence and(b) not exceed 50 0 square feet. Dog run or kennel height shall be adequate to contain the breed of dog(s). Eight-foot fence heights are generally adequate to contain the most athletic of dogs, particularly if there is no opportunity to climb. Owners need not completely enclose the tops of kennels or runs to protect dogs from possible mountain lion predation because of the short duration that dogs will be present in the confinement area. The design, characteristics, and location of the kennel or dog run must be reviewed and approved by the HOA. If facilities are inadequate to contain the resident's dog(s) when outside and unattended,the animals will be immediately removed from the property until adequate structures can be built. 7. The walking of animalswithin the property shall be confined to the developed areas(parking lots and around buildings) within the Workforce Housing project area. Small parks and open space were intentionally excluded from the development to minimize the footprint of the development area and native habitat loss. Walking dogs along the Frontage Road would reducewildlife use of adjacent habitat(e.g.,Lenth et al.2008,Ellenberger and Byrne 20 0 9,Miller et al.2011), a negative effect that must be avoided,particularly in winter (approx. Nov. 15 - Apr. 15). or pressing an elevator button. 30 Emotional supportanimals (ESA)do not need any specialized training and are there to purely gives comfort and love. Emotional support animals can be dogs,cats,birds,rabbits,lizards,etc. People may use all sorts of animals to give them the emotional support they need to live a fulfilling life. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 35 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 8. Residents shall pickup after their animal and put any waste materials in proper trash containers. 9. Pets shall not be fed outside. 10. No animals shall be permitted to chase any wildlife (including, but not limited to,sheep,deer,elk, marmots, rabbits,coyotes,foxes,porcupines, and chipmunks) anywhere within or beyond the parcel, and each resident shall take all steps reasonably necessary to prevent its animal from chasing wildlife anywhere within or beyond the parcel(including off-site public trails). 11. No Responsible Party shall permit any animal to be a public nuisance. Examples of nuisance behavior include, but are not limited to,barking,whining, or howling in an excessive, continuous or untimely fashion, as determined by Housing Management and/or the HOA,in their sole and absolute determination,which also reserve the right to define public nuisance in additional ways. 12. Housing Management, at their sole discretion, may ask a Responsible Party to remove their animal from the premises if it is not under control,if the handler fails to act to gain to control,if the animal is behaving aggressively, or if the animal is posing a threat to human health and safety. If a service animal or emotional support animal must be removed f or a legitimate reason,Housing Management and/or the HOA must permit the handler to obtain the services or goods they need without the animal's presence including a new service animal or emotional support animal. 13. All rules and regulations required of residents will be required of the family, guests, and contractors of the residents. Remedies for infractions by the resident's family, guests, and contractors will be enforced upon the residents as if the animals where owned by the residents. 14. Each resident or homeowner in the East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision shall sign a separate copy of the General Pet and Dog Policy indicating that the he/she understands and agreesto abide by the General Pet and Dog Policy as a part of its lease or in conjunction with the purchase of their unit in the HOA. 15. Responsible Parties requesting to have a service animal or emotional support animal that is a dog shall provide documentation to Housing Management, the HOA, and/or the employer, as applicable,who is/are responsible for the home or unit used by the Responsible Party demonstrating that:(a) the Responsible Party has a disability (i.e. a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities) and(b) the Responsible Party has a disability-related need forthe service or emotional support animal as allowed under the ADA and/or FHA. 16. The application f or a service or support animal will be reviewed by Housing Management, the HOA responsible f or the unit, or the employer. Approval will not be unreasonably withheld and will follow all state and federal laws. 9.3.2.3 Resident Education Regarding Black Bears/Trash Removal/ Nuisance Wildlife The Workforce Housing project is located in high quality black bear habitat. Most bears do not cause damage where residential and other developments have encroached into bear habitat. The keyis that if a bear doesn't find food itwill move on. Black bears are omnivorous and while they mostly eat vegetation,they will eat almost anything. Bears will eat human food,garbage,hummingbird nectar,birdseed,pet food,grease off grills, suntan lotion, etc. Garbage generally provides the greatest attraction for bears to residential developments. Once a bear has found an easily accessible, consistent food source,it will often overcome its wariness of people and visit the site regularly. This increases the chance of a bear-human encounter. After repeated use of the food source,the bear may even act aggressively toward residents or their unsuspecting neighbors. When this happens and wildlife authorities are notified,the bear is usually killed to protect human Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 36 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision safety. The following education measures will be required to reduce potential bear problems: 1. Residents will be provided and are encouraged to review the bear section in this Plan (Section 3.1.4) describing theproject's setting in bear habitat. Residents will be provided with information to educate themselves about most bear issues they might encounter by being provided the following link on CPW's website,or similar information: httt)s://ct)w.state.co.us/DOC Ltments/Education/LivinLWithWildlife/LivinLWithBears.pdf 2. Residents are also encouraged to access and view a wide variety of pamphlets, brochures, reports, and videos of other bear-related topics such as CPW's Bear webpage: http s://cpw.state.c o.us/learn/P ages/LivingwithWildlifeWildB ears.aspx 3. Bird feeders attract bears. For this reason,residents are discouraged from using bird feeders of any design (e.g.,mixed seed,sunflower,thistle [niger], suet, fruit,mealworms,nectar [hummingbird], etc.)from April I to November 15, dates inclusive,the period of the year when bears are actively seeking food,unless the feeders and seed spillage from them are clearly inaccessible to bears. 9.3.2.4 Resident Education on Mountain Lions Mountain lions are occasionally present year-round in the vicinity of the East Vail parcel,but may be more commonin the area from fall through spring when bighorn sheep and elk(prey species)arewintering and at lower elevations. In other areas of Colorado,where subdivisions have encroached upon mountain lion habitat containing high concentrations of prey species, encounters between lions,humans, and their pets and livestock haveincreased. The following measures will be implemented to minimize lion-human conflicts: I Residents are encouraged to review the mountain lion section of this Plan(Section 3.2.4.4) describing the project's setting in lion habitat and the recent increase involving the public encountering lions while hiking. Residents can further educate themselves about most lion issues they might encounter by via the link on CPW's website or similar information: httt)s://ct)w.state.co.us/DOC Ltments/Education/LivinLWithWildlife/LivinLWithLions.pdf Residents are also encouraged to access and view a wide variety of other lion-related topics on CPW's Lion webpage or similar information: httt)s://ct)w.state.co.us/learn/Pages/LivingwithWildlife Lionl.aspx 9.3.2.5 Education on Wildlife Mortality on Local Roads The following information will be provided to residents of the Workforce Housing parcel to minimize conflicts and wildlife mortality on local roads: Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 37 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision The Workforce Housing parcel is accessed by the I-70 Frontage Road where the posted speed limit is generally slow enough to avoid most wildlife mortality. Obeying posted speed limits would not only reduce wildlife mortality, but would also reduce the risks of collision, damage to personal property, and injury to motorists. Residents and their contractors, employees, and guests should obey posted speed limits to avoidwildlife mortality on roads. During winter, bighorn sheep occasionally come down and graze along the cut slope above the Frontage Road,in the vicinity of the housing. Under certain conditions, they will lick salt off the road. To discourage this behavior,the TOV changed from using salt product to cinders f or treating slick road conditions in this area However, the cinders still contain approximately 5% salt to keep the cinders from clumping, so the sheep continue to lick the road. Sheep on or adjacent to the road cause traffic jams. Traffic backs up as drivers stop to view the sheep. Drivers of some vehicles try to go around stopped traffic and end up closely approaching the sheep. The sheep often seem oblivious to the traffic. Law enforcement eventually shows up with the goal of restoring traffic flow. The sheep are chased off the road and traffic is encouraged to resume. If you encounter sheep grazing near or along the road,residents may slow down,but should not stop. It is stressful to the sheep to be foraging in such close proximity to humans and their vehicles and they only do it because they are starving and need the forage. If residents are caught in a sheep jam,they should not try to go around stopped vehicles or park and get out of their vehicle to get a better view the sheep. 9.3.2.6 Adjacent National Forest Lands Undeveloped habitat north(uphill) of the Workforce Housing is National Forest Land managed by the U.S. Forest Service. While all Workforce Housing residents and guests are prohibited from those lands to protect their wildlife values (see Section 9.3.2.1),it is possible that residents may see hunters wearing fluorescent orange or pink clothing carrying weaponsin that area during the fall hunting seasons. That activity is legal and residents need not report it by calling 911, CPW,or Housing Management. 9.3.2.7 Resident Education on Other Wildlife Concerns With the exception of bird feeders, as described in Section 9.3.2.3, the feeding, baiting, salting, or other means of attracting wildlife is prohibited. It is illegal in Colorado to intentionally place or distribute feed, salt blocks, or other attractants for big-game animals and such actions are subject to fines f or violations. The well-meaning sheep enthusiasts who illegally placed salt and mineral blocks on TOV open space are apparently unaware that their actions are deleterious to the herd. The sheep's attraction to salt blocks prolongs their use of winter rangewell into spring and even summer,putting additional pressure on the vigor and quantity of forage that should be reserved forwinter,in a landscape that has deteriorated as a result of wildfire suppression. Salt blocks can spread disease. Concentrated,prolonged, and predictable sheep use of salt blocks may also attract mountain lions that prey on sheep. Not only might the use of salt blocks result in greater sheep predation, but it might also become necessary to kill the lions forpublic safety. 9.3.3 Enforcement The East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision is located within the TOV's jurisdiction and is subject to its laws. The Developer, Housing Management, and the HOA,if applicable, together with the TOV,will maximize the impact of enforcing the above Wildlife Requirements for the Developer and Residents of the East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel through the following measures. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 38 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision 1. The TOV will use its authority as a municipality and property owner to enact and enforce protective restrictions on TOV and private property that is important wildlife habitat at appropriate times during the year,including but not limited to,closing all or portions of parcels to access by the public, including residents of the East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision, and policing and preventing trespassing violations. 2. Housing Management staff will enact and enforce the above restrictions regarding pet ownership as allowed by Federal and Colorado law. These items will be included in the community's rules and regulations and HOA documents as applicable. 3. Residents of the Workforce Housing parcel will ultimately be responsible for costs related to any damage done by pets or service and emotional support animals. 4. Housing Management and HOA management will provide assistance to the TOV in enforcing violations of restrictions to TOV property by the timely reporting of observed violations of those restrictions,including providing evidence of the violation(s) to TOV authorities,who can take appropriate action. 5. Upon the occurrence of a violation of these policies by a Responsible Party,Housing Management or the HOA Manager, as applicable, shall give written notice("Notice of Violation") to the Responsible Party(and a copy to the owner and Master Lessee of the unit,if the owner or MasterLessee is not the Responsible Party)regarding the occurrence of the violation, stating with reasonably detailed information concerning the violation, noting, among other things, the facts and circumstances surrounding the violation as well as the day,approximate time, and approximate location of the violation. 6. Housing Management should maintain a file of Wildlife Requirement violations by Responsible Parties. The TOV and CPW may periodically request summarized wildlife-related violation records to evaluate compliance with the Wildlife Requirements and determine if any adaptive management is needed to increase compliance. 7. East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision residents and tenants are encouraged to report Wildlife Requirement violations associated with recreation and pet controls to Housing Management or the HOA, as appropriate, along with documentation (e.g.,photos or video)of the violation,if possible. It is in the best interest of residents, owners,and tenants of the project,and the larger East Vail community to report violations to minimize impacts to wildlife so residents can continue appreciating the wildlife in this special setting and so more stringent requirements are not developed and implemented. 8. The Housing Manager is authorized, empowered, and obligated to impose the following fines and enforcement measures f or violations of these Wildlife Requirements. a. Upon the occurrence of the first violation, a fine in the amount of$250.0Owillbe assessed to the owner or Master Lessee of the unit b. Upon the occurrence of the second violation, a fine in the amount of$500.0Owill assessed will be assessed to the owner or Master Lessee of the unit c. Upon the occurrence of a third and all subsequent violations, a penalty will be assessed according to ownership status of the Responsible Party as follows: i. A Responsible Party who is a tenant in the Workforce Housing Parcel will be given a one- month notice in writing to vacate their premises,regardless of hardship. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 39 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision ii. A Responsible Party who owns a home in the Workforce Housing Parcel will assessed a fine of $750.00. d. Notwithstanding the above,for violations by residents whose occupancy at the East Vail Workforce parcel is a component of their employment, and subject to federal and state labor laws, fines and enforcement actions will be determined by and imposed solely through their employer, and include fines and enforcement measures up to and including the loss of housing at the East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision. 9. The Owner or HOA of the East Vail parcel will retain any fines collected by the Housing Manager or HOA and use these funds f or future wildlife-related enhancement on the parcel or otherwise valid enhancement that would benefit the local sheep herd All fine assessments shall be due and payable to Housing Management within 30 days of written notice of such fine or assessment, as described below. All unpaid fines are subject to the imposition of liens on the unit as may be provided by the community's governing documents. If any fine assessment is not paid within ten days after the due date,a late charge in the amount of$100 shall be assessed to compensate Housing Management for the expenses,costs, and fees,including attorney fees,involved in handing such delinquency. Responsible Parries shall be personally, jointly, and severally liable for all fines/penalty assessments. 9.3.4 Miscellaneous 1. In the event of a specific conflict between any non-wildlife related Workforce Housing Policies and these Wildlife Requirements, the Wildlife Requirements shall prevail. 2. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in these Wildlife Requirements, Housing Management hereby reserves the right, at any time and from time to time hereafter, to modify, amend, repeal, and/or re-enact these Wildlife Requirements to better protect the wildlife community on and surrounding the Workforce Housing parcel,in accordance with non-wildlife related Workforce Housing Policies, Declarations, Bylaws, Town of Vail procedures, and applicable law. 3. For modifications or amendments to the Wildlife Policies that impact residents whose occupancy at the East Vail Workforce parcel is a component of their employment and subject to federal and state labor laws,such modifications and amendments will be subject to the review and approval of the employer. 4. Failure by Housing Management or any person to enforce any provision of these Wildlife Policies shall in no event be deemed to be a waiver of the right to do so thereafter. 5. Adaptive management will be used to resolve unanticipated wildlife issues. The TOV and CPW are two resources that may be consulted to assist. 6. The provisions of these Policies shall be deemed to be independent and several, and the invalidity of any one or more of the provisions hereof, or any portion thereof, by judgment or decree of any court of competent jurisdiction, shall in no way affect the validity or enforceability of the remaining provisions,which provisions shall remain in full force and effect. 10.0 LITERATURE CITED Andree,B. 2017.Untitled letter re:the sustainability of wildlife populations within the Gore Valley. CPW. Glenwood Springs, CO. Ltr.to P. Wadden,Watershed Community Coordinator, Town of Vail. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 40 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision Mar.6. 7pp. Brennan J. and Nguyen, V.2014. Service animals and emotional support animals,where are they allowed and underwhat conditions? Southwest ADA Center atILRU, Houston,TX. 17pp. Bush,T. 20 0 6.Plant fact sheet:smooth brome,Bromus inermis. USDA NRCS Rose Lake Plant Materials Center,East Lansing, Michigan. 2pp.May 25. Byrne,G. and R. Sherman.20 11.Aldasoro Ranchwildlife assessment:a review&update of the 1990 assessment.Wildlife Management and Consultants,LLC,Palisade, CO and Wildlife Habitat& Natural Resource Specialists, Montrose,CO. Nov.20. Cade,T.J.,J.H. Enderson and J. Linthicum. 1996. Guide to management of peregrine falcons at the eyrie. The Peregrine Fund and Santa Cruz Predatory Bird Research Group.Boise,ID and Santa Cruz CA. Sep. 97pp. Craig, G.R and J.H. Enderson.2004.Peregrine falcon biology and management in Colorado 1973 - 2001. CDOW,Denver, CO. Tech.Publ.43.July.80pp. Ellenberger,J.H. and G. Byrne.20 0 9.Monitoring deer and elk response to human disturbance on the Dart Conservation Easement. Wildl. Manage. Conslt.&Assoc.Palisade, CO. Unpub.Rpt.35pp. (as cited in Byrne and Sherman 2011) Kendall P. 2002.Stone age man kept a dog.Nature,22 November 2002(in science update). http://www.nature.com/nsu/021118/021118-12.html Lenth,B.E., R.L.Knight, and M.E.Brennan. 200 8.The effects of dogs on wildlife communities. Natural Areas J. 28:218-227. Loss, S.R.;T. Will, and P.P.Marra.2013.The impact of free-ranging domestic cats on wildlife of the United States.Nature Comm.4:1396. McDowell Engineering. 2019.Transportation Impact Study forTriumph Development's East Vail Residential. McDowell Engineering, LLC.Eagle, CO. May 19. Miller, S.G., R.L.Knight and C.K.Miller. 20 0 I.Wildlife responses to pedestrians and dogs.Wildl. Soc. Bull.29:124-132. Savolainen, P., Y.Zhang,J. Luo,J. Lundeberg and T.Leitner. 2002.Genetic evidence for an East Asian origin of domestic dogs.Science.298: 1610-1613. Thompson,R.W.2017.Rezoning wildlife assessment of Vail Resort's East Vail Workforce Housing parcel, Town of Vail.Western Ecosystems,Inc.Boulder, CO. 10 pp., Aug.10. Thompson,R.W.2018a.Recommended wildlife design criteria for Vail Resort's East Vail Workforce Housing parcel, Town of Vail.Western Ecosystems,Inc.Boulder, CO. 6 pp.,June 15. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 41 Wildlife Mitigation Plan EastVail Workforce Housing Subdivision Thompson,R.W.2018b.East Vail peregrines—2018 nesting attempt to date.Western Ecosystems, Inc. Boulder, CO. 6 pp.,June 18. Thompson,R.W.2018c.Wildlife monitoring report for the East Vail Workforce Housing parcel,Town of Vail, Colorado.Western Ecosystems, Inc.Boulder, CO. 33 pp., Aug.31. Thompson,R.W.2018d.East Vail Workforce Housing project conceptual bighorn sheep winter range enhancement prescriptions memorandum. Western Ecosystems, Inc.Boulder, CO. 3 pp., Nov.5. Triumph Development. 2019.Booth Heights Neighborhood at the East Vail Workforce Housing Subdivision, Vail, Colorado, PEC Submittal,June 10,2019.Triumph Development, Vail, CO. U.S. Department of Justice. 2011. Service animals. Civil Rights Division, Disability Rights Section.July. 3pp. (https://www.ada.gov/service_animals_2010.pdf USFS. 1998. Environmental Assessment,Booth Creek Project Burn Area,Eagle County, Colorado. Holy Cross Ranger District,White River National Forest,Minturn, CO. Feb. 6. 11.0 APPENDICES A. APPENDIX A. WILDLIFE MONITORING REPORT FOR THE EAST VAIL Workforce Housing parcel,TOWN OF VAIL,COLORADO. To be inserted in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan provided to Workforce Housing residents. B. APPENDIX B. EAST VAIL PEREGRINES — 2018 NESTING ATTEMPT. To be inserted in the Wildlife Mitigation Plan provided to Workforce Housing residents. Western Ecosystems,Inc. May,2019 42 III)eve III III iii' iii ' III III lii lii iii III lii III l WETLAND DELINEATION REPORT ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ East Vail Workforce Subdivision Eagle County, Colorado >a i f prepared for: TRIUMPH DEVELOPMENT 12 VAIL ROAD,SUITE 700,VAIL,CO 81657 WESTERN ECOLOGICAL RESOURCE 711 WALNUT STREET,BOULDER,CO 80302 prepared by: BIRCH ECOLOGY, LLC 429 MAIN STREET,LYONS, CO 80540 BIRCH ECOLOGY BIRCH ECOLOGY ���� � F E B R UARY 2019 Table of Contents Section_LTitle Egqe 1.0 INTRODUCTION..................................................................................................................................1 2.0 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING................................................................................................................ 1 3.0 DELINEATION METHODS.................................................................................................................... 1 4.0 WETLANDS& WATERS OF THE U.S....................................................................................................2 4.1 Wetland A.......................................................................................................................................2 4.1.1 Location...................................................................................................................................2 4.1.2 Classification...........................................................................................................................2 4.1.3 Vegetation..............................................................................................................................2 4.1.4 Hydrology................................................................................................................................2 4.1.5 Soils............................................................................................................................................2 4.2 Ephemeral Stream Channel.......................................................................................................2 4.2.1 Location...................................................................................................................................2 4.2.2 Classification...........................................................................................................................2 4.2.3 Hydrology................................................................................................................................3 5.0 ANALYSIS OF JURISDICTIONAL STATUS...........................................................................................3 6.0 FIGURES...............................................................................................................................................4 7.0 TABLES..................................................................................................................................................8 8.0 PHOTOS.............................................................................................................................................12 9.0 REFERENCES.....................................................................................................................................17 APPENDIXA. FIELD DATA FORMS.......................................................................................................19 List of Figures Eg qe Figurel. Project Location Map. -----------------------------------.5 Figure2. Aerial Photo.............................................................................................................................6 Figure3. Wetland Map..........................................................................................................................7 List of Tables NumberLTitle Egge Table l. Potential Waters ofthe U.S. Summary.................................................................................9 Tobka2. Vascular Plant Species List--------------------------------'lO List of Photos Egg e Photol. View to the southeast, toward the |'7O corridor and East Vail Exit (lO/l8/l7). .—.—l3 Photo2. The steep forested hillside above the project site. (lO/24/l7). ..................................l3 Photo3. Wetland Aiso seep with onoventorydominated by willows. (lO/24/l7)..............l4 Photo4. Wetland Aisono steep,southvveotern'h acing slope. (10.18/17). ---------'l4 Photo5. The ephemeral stream has abed that averages 2 feet wide. (lO/24/l7)..............l5 Photo6. Aspen forest next toWetland A. (10/24/17). ---------------------'l5 Photo7. Pits (foreground)and l (background). (lO/24/l7)....................................................l6 Photo8. Pit 3is within Wetland A. ---------------------------------'l6 1 .0 INTRODUCTION Triumph Development has plans to construct a workforce housing project near the 1-70 Exit in East Vail. The development would be located on the western part of the ±23.3-acre property, on a 5.397-acre parcel which is the focus of this wetland delineation. The eastern 17.915 acres will be designated for Natural Area Preservation. Specifically, the project site is located in the southeast '/4 of Section 2 of Township 5 South and Range 80 West in Eagle County,Colorado (Figures 1 &2). To aid in project planning,a wetland delineation was completed for the 5.397-acre project area where the development would be located. This report describes the wetlands and waters identified in terms of their vegetation,soil, and hydrology, and includes photos and a Wetland Map. Please note, all Figures are included in Section 6.0,Tables are in Section 7.0, and Photos are in Section 8.0. Appendix A contains copies of the field data forms. ENVIRONMENTAL2.0 I The East Vail Workforce Housing project site is located on a south to southwest-facing hillside above the Frontage Road on the north side of 1-70 (Photo 1). The 5.397-acre parcel where the development would be located is dominated by aspen (Populus tremuloides) forestwith scattered Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmanii) and a mixed mountain shrub community that includes serviceberry (Amelanchier alnifolia), snowberry (Symphoricarpos rotundifolius), chokecherry (Prunus virginiana var. melanocarpa), Woods' rose (Rosa woodsii), and mountain mahogany (Cercocarpus montanus), among other species (Photo 2). There is a small seep wetland near a landslide area at the eastern boundary (Photos 3 & 4), and a narrow ephemeral stream channel that crosses the western side (Photos). Elevations of the delineation area range from a high of 8,520 in the northeastern corner to a low of 8,374 in the southwestern corner where the ephemeral stream channel flows off the project site. 3.0 DELINEATION Wetlands weredelineated by Heather Houston of Birch Ecology,LLCand formerlyof Western Ecological Resource, Inc. and David Buscher of Buscher Soil & Environmental, Inc. in accordance with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual (1987) and the Regional Supplement for the Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast (2010) on October 24, 2017. In general,wetland boundaries were delineated and flagged based upon the prevalence of hydrophytic vegetation, hydric soils and indicators of a wetland hydrology. Field forms for the three test pits with vegetation, soil and hydrology data are included in Appendix A. These test pits are located in both wetland and upland habitats. In general, plant species names follow Weber and Whitmann (1992). The wetland status of plants follows the 2016 National List for the Western Mountains, Valleys and Coast Region. Classification of wetlands follows Cowardin et al. (1979). Wetland flaggingwas surveyed by Peak Land Surveying of Vail, Colorado. 1 4.0 WETLANDS & WATERS OF THE U.S. Approximately377 square feet of a seep wetland are located within the 5.397-acre project area boundary. In addition, approximately 68 linear feet of an ephemeral stream channel bisect the project site, as illustrated by the Wetland Map (Figure3) and summarized in Table 1. 4.1 Wetland A 4.1.1 Location Wetland A is a seep located near the eastern boundary of the project site. The wetland extends into the project area from the Natural Area Preservation parcel to the east. Approximately377square feet of this wetland occur within the5.397-acre project site (Photos 3 &4). 4.1.2 Classificatbn Under the Cowardin Classification System for Wetlands and Deepwater Habitats (Cowardin et al., 1979), Wetland A is in the Palustrine System,Scrub-Shrub Wetland Class. 4.1.3 Vegetation Wetland A is a seep within the aspen forest (Photos 3, 4 & 6). In the area mapped as wetlands, the shrubby overstory is dominated by willows (Salix bebbiana, S. scouleriana), redosier dogwood (Cornus sericea), and bush honeysuckle (Distegia involucrata), with serviceberry,snowberry,Woods' rose,common juniper(Juniperus communis), and mountain maple (Acer glabrum) in the moist soil at the periphery. The understory of the delineated wetland is dominated by a sparse cover of beaked sedge (Carex utriculata) growing with cow parsnip (Heracleum sphondylium ssp. montanum), starry false Solomon's seal (Maianthemum stellatum) and monkshood (Aconitum columbianum), as well as the shade- tolerant introduced species orchard grass(Dactylis glomerata). 4.1.4 Hydrology This wetland is a seep fed by groundwaterdischarge and snowmelt runoff. As noted on the data form for Pit 3, the soil was saturated below a depth of 11 inches on the date of the delineation, and there was flowing water nearby in a small channel. 4.1.5 Soils Three soil pits were used to define the limits of Wetland A. Pits 1 and 2 were located just outside the wetland boundary (Photo7) in a shallow drainageswale. Both pits lacked hydric soil and indicators of a wetland hydrology. Pit 3 was located inside the wetland boundary. The soil was hydric and was saturated below a depth of 11 inches (Photo8). 4.2 Ephemeral Stream Channel 4.2.1 Location A 2-foot-wide, rocky ephemeral stream channel is located in the western portion of the project site (Photo 5). Approximately 68 linear feet of this channel is within the project boundary. 4.2.2 Classification The ephemeral stream is in the RiverineSystem,Intermittent Subsystem,Stream bed Class. 2 4.2.3 Hydrology The ephemeral stream is fed by snowmelt runoff and likely seasonal groundwaterdischarge from the steep hillside above the parcel. The stream flows south across the site and into a 24-inch culvert in the bottom of a depression,where the inlet is buried by rocks. The outfall is on the south side of 1-70, and it discharges into Gore Creek. 5.0 ANALYSIS I I I Wetland A is a seep that does not connect to other waters of the U.S. and is likely a non- jurisdictional feature. In contrast,the ephemeral stream has a direct surface connection to Gore Creek via a 24-inch culvert below 1-70. Therefore, the ephemeral stream is likely jurisdictional. 3 FIGURES6.0 4 106°19'0"W 106°18'0"W 7 n�� 1 r (VH�r✓�r 5'1 I%� ' A", r uJ �M IN � p,5 ry Rr t mw 6rhr 0 v 'M ,2,." ,y W I r f Booth , I l 'u I .. .i�,. ,pl� r r r ✓/�,F' rV ,l �ijj ///i mai "+ 1 GvI,; p J 4 u / � v, � � fro, / yr r y7� � ✓ r' � � // Cl) �„ Cl) e i ,� P r Pitkln Creek , Cl) r v i i1 h � a r r m I x ti L r x�l �/f Wiu 'vN V 9V9 ' ...r ,i� mryy�r; � ,!r�lr��m�ir�md++`.::r��rrrmr!iiN1v¢aralr„rra�m�r�ua, �1 ,��'y7r rr '. ' w"yMm � �/%i w,'�,4�,,��l �;✓ ��.(, �'/��pr f�;r/;/V�;ll';/// J...;,;� i uy1 'l?lY p ( 011 , 3 Gore Creek rq Y �„� ti M P arcel Boundar �aYJ� �� v lu J n,/i�„�a..,« w,,,"*""^^r ,' "�„h,ma„ m ',V, `J '''V 9.; hl yaf k�a"dry ir;% jl, ✓�,,,,, r�w' m°of N�'� i��� 170EastVal„��,:�� 19 �� .A�� w�''""�w*"s/,�rw�rr� ,.p� w✓ � II' � ��Ev.v:..aw hJ �r '1r7�.�IO 'r �'7'k ry'a Mig �'m��,,„� 1 "��6(I w� YF"'!�„d �(fk'( (/rlI �r a i �pr�1g w„m� a ,`*. v "'a m n.?'✓ ,„ r - , r �'� ' i �t" /d, rl'P�u"/ 1 ✓» �,b ( rrolw � %� M�� �f� fiF I 1 �,H N Z ml r Ord �w wn h 1 I i`„l , � r � - 00 '' V'W, Cl) o s 1 +Mrr„ l r l� r 1 Cl) r rri// r r r Cl) PM,�urrV;n�uwmJ�gl�l� y ' ��'�f ���,�«,,, `" "`my�1 ,y b ,.� �����:, ,1.,. rt� MuL"�Y � ! ,Mr,,� �+N �„ o""„'" ,�"` ✓r d^' � �'"` ';� ���ro�^�� �;,i kl^ ' � rfgM' �11 r f ,y ar r•• r M r � e � 7y 106'19'0"W 106'18'0"W BASE: USGS 7.5'Vail East Quadrangle, Colorado Figure 1. Project Location Map East Vail Workforce Subdivision N i1 Prepared by Eagle i �' w Birch Ecology LLC County .. ;,ae, ........ .................................................... 1:24,000 ARCH ECOLOGY 429 Main Street P.O.Box 170 C O L O RA D O 5 (720)s350 25o 0ao www.birchecology.com Boundary of Wetland Delineation Parcel Boundary 1 -70 East Vail Exit Gore Creek 1 f g � e -eo- �e arfhsfi r� ��glraph� s C E t b�� D��, U��C�A, lJ *��AE`tX, �eflma pin ear,gr I� I swis fop ,and fhe�Gl= � e C•rn Figure 2. Aerial Photograph East Vail Workforce Subdivision N Eagle r*4 Prepared by i �' w Birch Ecology LLC County .. ;,ae, ....... .................................................... 1:6,000 Z�IRCH ECOLOGY 429 Main S treet P.O.Box 170 COLORADO 6 (720)350-850300 www.birchecology.com Y4 s r Ny ,,IE0herne I � �� �ttt .. St am ,. 68 F rrr7 „ �2 f t ww ... ,m,m„ \ Existing 24-inch � Wetland A Culvert 377 SF (""u II 2 w , Fit ti , G, O., , °'°,. r r` iiippp r5 ... „„�„ e �� -70 East Vail Exit "a ..„ Legend: Figure 3. Wetland Map Wetlands East Vail Workforce Housing N Soil Pits Wetland Flagging Surveyed by: Date: February 2019 prepared by. ®aa aa® Ephemeral Stream Channel Peak Land Surveying Inc. Contour Interval=2 ft Birch Ecology LLC of Vail, CO Scale: 1 in = 75 ft ��� Culverts _ 429 Main Street #�BIRCH ECOLOGY s�..____ P.O.Box 170 "7 Lyons,CO m 40 Project Boundary 7 (720)350- 30 2 W www.birchecology.com m 0 TABLES TABLE I Potential Waters of the U.S. Summary East Vail Workforce Housing Project Potential Waters of the U.S. Size Location Wetlands Wetland A 377 ft2 39.645810 (<0.01 ac) -106.307616 Total Wetlands 377 ft2 Aquatic Habitats Ephemeral stream channel 68 LF 39.646449 -106.310683 Total Aquatic Habitats 68 LF 9 TABLE2 Vascular Plant Species List East Vail Workforce Housing Project Wetland Scientific Name Common Name Family Origin* Status" Trees Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce Pinaceae IN FAC Populus tremuloides Aspen Salicaceae IN FACU Shrubs Acer glabrum Mountain maple Aceraceae IN FACU Amelanchier alnifolia Serviceberry Rosaceae IN FACU Artemisia tridentata Mountain big sagebrush Asteraceae IN NL var. vaseyana Cercocarpus montanus Mountain mahogany Rosaceae IN NL Chrysothamnus parryi Parry'srabbitbrush Asteraceae IN NL Cornus sericea Reclosier dogwood Cornaceae IN FACW (C. sto/onifera) Distegia involucrata Bush honeysuckle Caprifoliaceae IN FAC Juniperus communis Common juniper Cupressaceae IN UPIL ssp. alpina Prunus virginiana Choke cherry Rosaceae IN FACU var. me/anocarpa Ribes inerme Whitestem gooseberry Grossulariaceae IN FAC Rosa woodsii Woods' rose Rosaceae IN FACU Salix bebbiana Bebb willow Salicaceae IN FACW Salix monticola Mountain willow Salicaceae IN OBIL Salix scouleriana Scouler willow Salicaceae IN FAC Symphoricarpos Snowberry Caprifoliaceae IN NL rotundifolius Perennial Grarninoids Bromus inermis Smooth brome Poaceae I UPIL Carex utriculata Beaked sedge Cyperaceae IN OBIL Dactylis g/omerata OrcharcIgrass Poaceae I FACU Elymus trachycaulus Slender wheatgr ass Poaceae IN FAC Phleum pratense Timothy Poaceae I FAC Poa compressa Canada bluegrass Poaceae I FACU Perennial Forbs Achillea lanulosa Yarrow Asteraceae IN FACU Aconitum columbianum Monkshood Helleboraceae IN FACW Agastache urticifolia Nettleleaf giant hyssop Lamiaceae IN FACU Arctostaphy/os uva-ursi Kinnickinnick Ericaceae IN FACU Aster foliaceus Leafy br acted aster Asteraceae IN FACU Cirsium arvense Canada thistle Asteraceae 1+ FAC Frasera speciosa Monument plant Gentianaceae IN NL Geranium richardsonii Richardson's Geranium Geraniaceae IN FAC Heracleum sphondylium Cow parsnip Apiaceae IN FAC ssp. montanum Linaria vulgaris Toadflax Scrophulariaceae 1+ NL 10 TABLE2 Vascular Plant Species List East Vail Workforce Housing Project Wetland Scientific Name Common Name Family Origin* Status" Mahonia repens Oregongrape Berbericlaceae N NIL Maianthemum stellatum Starryfalse Solomon seal Convallariaceae N FAC (Smilacina stellata) Paxistima myrsinites Mountainlover Celastraceae N FACILI Pyro/a rotundifolia Roundleaf wintergreen Pyrolaceae N FACILI ssp. asarifolia Rudbeckia ampla Goldenglow Asteraceae N FAC (R. laciniata var. ampla) Thalictrum fend/eri Fendler meadowr ue Thalictraceae N FAC Vicia americana American vetch Fabaceae N FAC *Origin Wetland Status N = Native OBIL= Obligate Wetland I = Introduced FACW= Facultative Wetland I+ = Colorado State Noxious Weed FAC= Facultative FACU= Facultative Upland UPIL= Obligate Upland NO/NL= No Status in this Region PHOTOS8.0 12 7� e i Photo 1. View from the project site to the southeast, toward the 1-70 corridor and East Vail Exit. (10/18/17), F ��) i ✓ �'�^i6�.`{f /v �4 "�ov� P �.:, f Mvvt. ^ ary 1 I Y I r t Photo 2. The steep forested hillside above the project site is dominated by aspen. (10/24/17). 13 w l � I I ,y 4 F� t Photo 3. Wetland A is a seep with a shrubby overstory dominated by willows and dogwood, with beaked sedge and cow parsnip in the understory. (10/24/17). r Ip Photo 4. Wetland A is on a steep,southwestern-facing slope. (10.18/17). 14 q� •h n V W p v Photo S. The rocky ephemeral stream channel has a bed that averages about two feet wide. (10/24/17). ti ; y �I�h i iwlW d y i 11 P Photo 6. Aspen forest next to Wetland A. (10/24/17). 15 �� f N, e Photo 7. Pits 2 (foreground)and 1 (background)are in a drainage swale below Wetland A. (10/24/17). r Photo 8. Pit 3 is within Wetland A. 16 9.0 REFERENCES Ackerfield,J. 2015. The Flora of Colorado. BRIT Press, Ft. Worth,Texas. 818 p. Colorado Natural Heritage Program (CNHP). 2003. Field Guide to the Wetland and Riparian Plant Associations of Colorado. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Fort Collins, Colorado. Cowardin, L.M.,V. Carter, F.C. Golet, and E.T. La Roe. 1979. Classification of wetlands and deepwater habitats of the United States. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pub. FWS/OBS- 79/31, Washington, D.C., 103 p. Culver, D.R.and J.M. Lemly. 2013. Field Guide to Colorado's Wetland Plants: Identification, Ecology and Conservation. Colorado Natural Heritage Program, Fort Collins, Colorado. Harrington, H.D. 1964. Manual of the Plants of Colorado. The Swallow Press, Inc. Chicago, Illinois 60605. Kartesz, J.T. 1994a. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Vol. 1 - Checklist. Second edition. Timber Press, Inc. Portland, Oregon. 622 p. Kartesz, J.T. 1994b. A Synonymized Checklist of the Vascular Flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. Vol. 2 - Thesaurus. Second edition. Timber Press, Inc. Portland, Oregon. 816 p. Lichvar,R.W.,M. Butterwick,N.C.Melvin,and W.N.Kirchner.2014. The National Wetland Plant List: 2014 Update of Wetland Ratings. Phytoneuron2014-41: 1-42. NatureServe Explorer:An Online Encyclopedia of Life. http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2010. Regional Supplement to the Corps of Engineers Wetland Delineation Manual: Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region. ERDC/ECTR-10- 3. U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center,Vicksburg MS. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 1987. Wetlands Delineation Manual, Technical Report Y-87-1. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg,MS. USDA,NRCS.2014. The PLANTS Database (http://plants.usda.gov,28 February2014). National Plant Data Team, Greensboro,NC 27401-4901 USA. University of Colorado Herbarium (COLO). Specimen Database of Colorado Vascular Plants. http://cumuseum.colorado.edu/Research/Botany/Databases/search.php Weber, W. A. and R. C. W hitmann. 2012. Colorado Flora: Western Slope, Fourth edition. University Press of Colorado. Boulder, Colorado. 17 Weber,W.A.& R.C. Wittmann, 1992. Catalog of the Colorado Flora: a Biodiversity Baseline. University Press of Colorado. Niwot, Colorado. Including most recent addenda available from CU Herbarium (COLO), Boulder, Colorado. 18 APPENDIX A. FIELD 19 WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Western Mountains, Valleys, and Coast Region Project/Site: 6-_.qr t vat VWKT(Vte� flousioet," City/County: Sampling Date: 017, Applicant/Owner: 1i I state: Sampling Point: Investigator(s): Section,Township,Range: C tA/ 15 S,0,8`0 '-")convex, none): Slope v Landform(hillslope,terrace,etc.): Local relief"(concave Subregion(LRR): Lat: Long: Datum: Soil Map Unit Name: d NWI classification: Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? Yes Na_ (if no,explain in Remarks.) Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology_significantly disturbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes No Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology_naturally problematic? (if needed,explain any answers in Remarks.) SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects, important features, etc. Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes No ly, Hydric Soil Present? Yes No X Is the Sampled Area Wetland Hyclir"081ogy Present? Yes No ,x within a Wetland? Yes No Remarks: 5 4.7 Tkj z VEGETATION—Use scientific names of plants. Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test worksheet: Tree Stratum (Plot size: %Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species I That Are OBL,FACK or FAC: (A) 2. Total Number of Dominant 3. Species Across All Strata: 4. Percent of Dominant Species SaD tin ci/Shrub Stratum (Plot size: ox 10, Total Cover That Are OBL,FACK or FAC: 0 1& (A/B) 1.Ar ev n I a tow ,gvk_ Prevalence Index worksheet: Q I Total%Cover of: Multiply by: 2 A C 41 A A 01,./1 C,rvi 01"I. IY OBL species x 1 = 3. 4. po's Aj FACW species x 2= 5. FAC species x 3= Total Cover FACU species x 4= Herb Stratum (Plot size: X UPL species x 5= o VA�11 4 11 C,, Column Totals: (A) (B) 2. A,\/ i S I'mko P, Prevalence Index =B/A 3. V 17 1A, FALL— Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators: 4.CA�F,'�4�' SO, (XX" 0,/l il,/ t 7__ 1 -Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation T k 5. J L 2) 4 4 2-Dominance Test is>50% .................... ... 3-Prevalence Index is:53.0' 7. 4-Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting 8. data in Remarks or on a separate sheet) 9. 5-Wetland Non-Vascular Plants' 10. Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain) 11. Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must Total Cover be present,unless disturbed or problematic. Woody Vine Stratum (Plot size: 1. — — Hydrophytic 2. Vegetation Total Cover Present? Yes— No X %Bare Ground in Herb Stratum Remarks: US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains,Valleys,and Coast—Version 2.0 SOIL Sampling Point: Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.) Depth Matrix Redox Features (inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Tyve Loc Texture Remarks L) "�,"4 11? I-— L iType: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 2 Location: PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix. Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils': Histosol(Al) — Sandy Redox(S5) — 2 cm Muck(A10) Histic Epipedon(A2) — Stripped Matrix(S6) — Red Parent Material(TF2) Black Histic(A3) — Loamy Mucky Mineral(Fl)(except MLRA 1) — Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12) Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) — Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) — Other(Explain in Remarks) Depleted Below Dark Surface(All) _ Depleted Matrix(F3) Thick Dark Surface(Al 2) — Redox Dark Surface(F6) 3 Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and Sandy Mucky Mineral(Sl) — Depleted Dark Surface(F7) wetland hydrology must be present, Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) — Redox Depressions(F8) unless disturbed or problematic. Restrictive Layer(if present): Type: Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes No Remarks: HYDROLOGY Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Primary Indicators(minimum of one required:check all that apply) Secondary Indicators(2 or more required) Surface Water(Al) — Water-Stained Leaves(139)(except — Water-Stained Leaves(139)(MLRA 1,2, High Water Table(A2) MLRA 1,2,4A,and 413) 4A,and 4B) Saturation(Q) — Salt Crust(B 11) — Drainage Patterns(Bl 0) Water Marks(1311) — Aquatic Invertebrates(1313) — Dry-Season Water Table(C2) Sediment Deposits(132) — Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(Cl) Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9) Drift Deposits(133) — Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) Geomorphic Position(D2) Algal Mat or Crust(134) — Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) Shallow Aquitard(D3) Iron Deposits(135) Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils(C6) FAC-Neutral Test(D5) Surface Soil Cracks(136) — Stunted or Stressed Plants(Dl)(LRR A) Raised Ant Mounds(136)(LRR A) Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(137) _ Other(Explain in Remarks) Frost-Heave Hummocks(D7) Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(138) Field Observations: Surface Water Present? Yes No Depth(inches): Water Table Present? Yes— No-711 Depth(inches): Saturation Present? Yes— No Depth(inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes— No (includes capillary fringe) Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available: Remarks: y US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains,Valleys,and Coast—Version 2.0 WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Western Mountains,Valleys, and Coast Region Project/Site: Easi i/a Ij Wafiw'A—sty/County: Sampling Date: /7 ApplicantJOwnerTtlovoch D>A/d10a41,1f, -tt—' 'J State:CCV Sampling Point: C, InveE f"S iz c,",^s'z� 14/" � Section,Township,Range: Landform(hi islop',terrace,etc.): fxy, ii) Local reliefqconcavel)convex,none): Slope(%): Subregion(LRR): Lat: Long: Datum: Soil Map Unit Name: NWI classification: Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? Yes No (If no,explain in Remarks.) Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology_significantly disturbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes' No Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology_naturally problematic? (if needed,explain any answers in Remarks.) SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects, important features,etc. Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes No >11 Hydric Soil Present? Yes No Is the Sampled Area Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No within a Wetland? Yes No Remarks: A, v Vr; "�i"'� VEGETATION—Use scientific names of plants. st Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test worksheet: Tree Stratum (Plotsize: Y, cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species 1. LT hat Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: 2.- Total Number of Dominant 3. Species Across All Strata: (B) 4. Percent of Dominant Species Total cover That Are OBIL,FACW,or FAC: SaDlina/Shrub Stratum (Plot size: Prevalence Index worksheet: (A/B) N" Uj r Total%Cover of: Multiply by: 2. UoADMc, 3. 'Y 0131-species x 1 = A, ic"'t- lic I i(4"A,hl� FACW species x 2= 4. 5. M L"AL i,,/ FAC species x 3= nu,> �2 FACU species x 4= L Total Cover Herb Stratum (Plot size: -47- Y UPIL species x 5= Column Totals: (A) (B) 2. ='F Prevalence Index =B/A 3. /V TL"4L, Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators: A i. "I.I & f g 4 1/1 1 Aq,L4 C iA C4 1 -Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation 5.-, r 2-Dominance Test is>50% &&�i i 't./vv\ LD2� f�z� , -AV-TAC( 6— 3-Prevalence Index is:53.0' 7. 4-Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting 8. data in Remarks or on a separate sheet) 9. 5-Wetland Non-Vascular Plants' 10. Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain) 11. 'Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must I Cover be present,unless disturbed or problematic. Woody Vine Stratum (Plot size: 1 Hydrophytic 2. Vegetation Present? Yes No X %Bare Ground in Herb Stratum Total Cover Remarks: US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains,Valleys,and Coast—Version 2.0 SOIL j Sampling Point: Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to clocurnib�nt the indicator or confirrn'the absence of indicators.) Depth Matrix Redox Features - - —(inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type' bocT Texture Remarks 'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion, RM=Reduced Matrix,CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains. 'Location: PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix. Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soils': — Histosol(All) — Sandy Redox(35) — 2 cm Muck(At 0) — Histic Epipedon(A2) — Stripped Matrix(S6) — Red Parent Material(TF2) — Black Histic(A3) — Loamy Mucky Mineral(F11)(except MLRA 1) — Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12) — Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) — Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) — Other(Explain in Remarks) — Depleted Below Dark Surface(Al 1) _ Depleted Matrix(F3) — Thick Dark Surface(Al2) — Redox Dark Surface(F6) 'Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and — Sandy Mucky Mineral(S1) — Depleted Dark Surface(F7) wetland hydrology must be present, Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) Redox Depressions(F8) unless disturbed or problematic. Restrictive Layer(if present): Type: Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes_ No Remarks: HYDROLOGY Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Primary Indicators(minimum of one required check all that apply) Secondary Indicators(2 or more required) — Surface Water(Al) — Water-Stained Leaves(139)(except — Water-Stained Leaves(139)(MLRA 1,2, — High Water Table(A2) MLRA 1,2,4A,and 413) 4A,and 413) — Saturation(A3) — Salt Crust(B1 1) — Drainage Patterns(B10) — Water Marks(BI) — Aquatic Invertebrates(B1 3) — Dry-Season Water Table(C2) — Sediment Deposits(B2) — Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(CI) Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9) — Drift Deposits(B3) — Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) _4_,,,d'eomorphic Position(D2) — Algal Mat or Crust(134) — Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) — Shallow Aquitard(D3) — Iron Deposits(135) — Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils(C6) — FAC-Neutral Test(D5) — Surface Soil Cracks(136) — Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)(LRR A) — Raised Ant Mounds(D6)(LRR A) — Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(137) _ Other(Explain in Remarks) — Frost-Heave Hummocks(D7) — Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8) Field Observations: Surface Water Present? Yes No Depth(inches): Water Table Present? Yes No 6,1' Depth(inches): Saturation Present? Yes No LlDepth(inches): Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No (includes capillary fringe) Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available: Remarks: j US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains,Valleys,and Coast—Version 2.0 WETLAND DETERMINATION DATA FORM—Western Mountains,Valleys, and Coast Region Project/Site: JL,2 I:. C _ ftt` -. Sampling Date: Applicant/Owner: kI VK 1� �', ( State tt � Sampling Point. 9 Landformohillslo e,terrace,etc. 'i h M' Lac I relie concaye,convex,none): Slope g O �� t Section Township Range � " ' Subregion(LRR): Lat: Long: Datum: Soil Map Unit Name: NWI classification: Are climatic/hydrologic conditions on the site typical for this time of year? es "( No (If no,explain in Remarks.) Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology significantly dish rbed? Are"Normal Circumstances"present? Yes p No Are Vegetation Soil or Hydrology naturally problematic? (If needed,explain any answers in Remarks.) SUMMARY OF FINDINGS— Attach site map showing sampling point locations,transects, important features, etc. Hydrophytic Vegetation Present? Yes >`" No Hydric Soil Present? Yes 4. No Is the Sampled Area X` Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes '°l", No within a wetland? Yes No Remarks: .1i#„.r�!,f,�� ,.,r�MNA.�.,4i,,,,l'' i�i`r `4✓A M A V .... , CGe t«f Vlj1 VEGETATION—Use scientific names of plants. Absolute Dominant Indicator Dominance Test worksheet: Tree Stratum (Plot size: ) %Cover Species? Status Number of Dominant Species 1. That Are OBL,FACW,or FAC: (A) 2. Total Number of Dominant 3. Species Across All Strata: (B) 4. Percent of Dominant Species pp =Total Cover That Are OBL, FACW,or FAC: '' (A/B) Plot size W Sapling/Shrub Stratum @ t' ( ) ," t Prevalence Index worksheet: t Total%Cover of: Multiply by: OBL species x 1 = 3. "ryp°.w.r" "" 4 FACW species x 2= ,�,�� 1`r �P � �` ,�"t�` I FAC species x 3= ru FACU species x 4= =Total Cover Herb Stratum (Plot size: ) UPL species x 5= 1:(.,. I `"� '' )' �' ^°+rsw Column Totals: (A) (B) 2. Prevalence Index =B/A= Hydrophytic Vegetation Indicators: 4. `% A 1 -Rapid Test for Hydrophytic Vegetation 5• 2-Dominance Test is>50% 5• _ 3-Prevalence Index is 53.0' 7• _ 4-Morphological Adaptations'(Provide supporting g, data in Remarks or on a separate sheet) g. _ 5-Wetland Non-Vascular Plants' 10. _ Problematic Hydrophytic Vegetation'(Explain) 11. Indicators of hydric soil and wetland hydrology must be present,unless disturbed or problematic. =Total Cover Woody Vine Stratum (Plot size: ) 1 Hydrophytic 2. Vegetation Total Cover Present? Yes'� No = %Bare Ground in Herb Stratum Remarks: , "' ' US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains,Valleys,and Coast—Version 2.0 SOIL Sampling Point: Profile Description: (Describe to the depth needed to document the indicator or confirm the absence of indicators.) Depth Matrix Redox Features (inches) Color(moist) % Color(moist) % Type 1_0 Texture Remarks La j 0 A4, 'Type: C=Concentration,D=Depletion,RM=Reduced Matrix,CS=Covered or Coated Sand Grains, 2 Location: PL=Pore Lining,M=Matrix. Hydric Soil Indicators: (Applicable to all LRRs,unless otherwise noted.) Indicators for Problematic Hydric Soil$3: Histosol(Al) — Sandy Redox(S5) — 2 cm Muck(A10) Histic Epipeclon(A2) — Stripped Matrix(S6) — Red Parent Material(TF2) Black Histic(A3) — Loamy Mucky Mineral(Fl)(except MLRA 1) — Very Shallow Dark Surface(TF12) Hydrogen Sulfide(A4) — Loamy Gleyed Matrix(F2) — Other(Explain in Remarks) Depleted Below Dark Surface(Al 1) _ Depleted Matrix(F3) Thick Dark Surface(Al2) — Redox Dark Surface(F6) 3 Indicators of hydrophytic vegetation and Sandy Mucky Mineral (SI) — Depleted Dark Surface(F7) wetland hydrology must be present, Sandy Gleyed Matrix(S4) — Redox Depressions(F8) unless disturbed or problematic. Restrictive Layer(if present): Type: Depth(inches): Hydric Soil Present? Yes Z No Remarks: e ')"If 4 "V-1 y x4" J ee t HYDROLOGY Wetland Hydrology Indicators: Primary Indicators(minimum of one required:check all that apply) Secondary Indicators(2 or more required) 7F Surface Water(Al) — Water-Stained Leaves(139)(except — Water-Stained Leaves(139)(MLRA 1,2, tigh Water Table(A2) MLRA 1,2,4A,and 413) 4A,and 413) /Saturation(A3) — Salt Crust(B1 1) — Drainage Patterns(B10) Water Marks(1311) _ Aquatic Invertebrates(1313) — Dry-Season Water Table(C2) Sediment Deposits(132) — Hydrogen Sulfide Odor(CI) — Saturation Visible on Aerial Imagery(C9) Drift Deposits(B3) — Oxidized Rhizospheres along Living Roots(C3) — Geomorphic Position(D2) Algal Mat or Crust(B4) — Presence of Reduced Iron(C4) — Shallow Aquitard(D3) Iron Deposits(B5) — Recent Iron Reduction in Tilled Soils(C6) — FAC-Neutral Test(D5) Surface Soil Cracks(136) — Stunted or Stressed Plants(D1)(LRR A) — Raised Ant Mounds(D6)(LRR A) Inundation Visible on Aerial Imagery(B7) _ Other(Explain in Remarks) — Frost-Heave Hummocks(D7) Sparsely Vegetated Concave Surface(B8) Field Observations: Surface Water Present? Yes No Depth(inches): Water Table Present? Yes .No Depth(inches): 0111? Saturation Present? Yes 1m,` No Depth(inches): i Wetland Hydrology Present? Yes No (includes capillary fringe) Describe Recorded Data(stream gauge,monitoring well,aerial photos,previous inspections),if available: Remarks: ei rk-0 _j -P US Army Corps of Engineers Western Mountains,Valleys,and Coast—Version 2.0 IIII eve 111 �t AIII III III iii(;t 5a� IIII � �iii IIII lii f IIII mi uu INC. Genteclanleaal bigineea , Construction Materials i als C"nnssullants February 13, 2019 Mr. Michael O'Connor Triumph Development 12 Vail Road, Suite 700 Vail, CO 81657 Subject: Geologic Hazards Analysis Report East Vail Workforce Housing Vail, Colorado Project No. 18.5080 Dear Mr. O'Connor: A geologic hazards analysis was performed by Skyline Geoscience for the subject project. The purpose of this letter is to transmit the report prepared by Skyline Geoscience. If you have any questions or comments regarding this information, please contact our office. Sincerely, CESARE,INC. William H. Koechlein, P.E. Senior Consultant WHK/ksm Attachment 18.5080 East Vail Workforce Housing Letter 02.13.19 Corporate ice: 7108 South Alton Way,BuildingCentennial,CO 80112 Locations: Centennial Frederick Silvertre Salida/Crests Salida/Crested Butte Phone 303-220-0300 www.cesareinc.com S, ��K Y I I ��N��E G��E 0 S C I ��E ��N C��E GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Mehr'Ua.Vry 1..2., 2011). Cesare, Inc, Wil I iarri ICoeclilein,I',I::::, 65 War ren Aven ue, Suite 4201. Silverthorne,Colorado 80497 Geologic I lazard Analysis I::::ast Vail I::'arcel Vail, Col orado Skyl ine l::'rojec.0 No: 18105 Dear Mr. Koechlein: SkylineGeoscience (Skyline)is pleased to submit to Cesare, Inc. (Cesare) this geologic hazard analysis for the East Vail Parcel located near the 1-70 East Vail Exit in the Town of Vail, Colorado. Preliminary development plans for the EVP (not for construction; dated January 30, 2019) have been issued to Triumph Development, Inc, by Alpine Engineering, Inc. (Alpine), and were used in this study. This geologic hazard analysis addresses rockfall, debris flow and the existing landslide, and the potential impacts these hazards may have on the proposed development.Skyline understands that a rockfal I impact barrier is planned for the upslopeedge of the EVP.This barrierwilI serve as both a protective barrier for rockfal I and debris flows and serve as a wildlifebarrierseparating human activity from existing wild)ifehabitats. laa1QJ: II.a "a"�raIIN.V"a]I��V.N. II.aaN.ab ll�,!paZall�aD aN.a 1[S� VAG11111"10F19 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3E0%)( III II ( I C.iE:::01...0C.iICAI...COIF SIJL..FINC.i Table 1.0 SCOPEOF WORK.........................................................................................................................................................3 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION.......................................................................................................................................................3 3.0 GEOLOGICSETTING....................................................................................................................................................5 3.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY.....................................................................................................................................................5 3.2 SITE GEOLOGY...............................................................................................................................................................5 4.0 GEOLOGIC HAZARD CONSIDERATIONS........................................................................................................................7 4.1 ROCKFALL.......................................................................................................................................................................7 4.2 DEBRISFLOWS...............................................................................................................................................................8 4.3 EXISTING LANDSLIDE.....................................................................................................................................................9 5.0 ROCKFALL ANALYSIS....................................................................................................................................................9 5.1 STUDY SECTION A........................................................................................................................................................11 5.2 STUDY SECTION B........................................................................................................................................................12 5.3 STUDY SECTION ........................................................................................................................................................13 5.4 ROCKFALL ANALYSIS RESULTS....................................................................................................................................14 6.0 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOM M ENDATIONS...............................................................................................................15 6.1 ROCKFALL AND DEBRIS FLOW MITIGATION ..............................................................................................................is 6.2 EXISTING LANDSLIDE...................................................................................................................................................18 7.0 LIMITATIONS.............................................................................................................................................................18 8.0 REFERENCES.............................................................................................................................................................19 List of Figures Figure1 .........................................................................................................................................................................Site Location Figure2 .......................................................................................................................................................Proposed Development Figure3 .................................................................................................................................................................Topographic Map Figure4.......................................................................................................................................................................Geologic Map Figure 5 ....................................................................................................................................... Slope Map and Landslide Extents Figure6 ......................................................................................................................................................................LiDAR Imagery Figure7 ......................................................................................................................................................................Landslide Map Figure8 ....................................................................................................................................................................Study Section A Figure9..................................................................................................................................................................... Study Section B Figure10 .................................................................................................................................................................Study Section C Figure 11 ..................................................................................................................................Typical Sections—Rockfal IBarriers 1810611"ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.OG11CIIAZAIR)DANALYS1[S� VAG111120P19 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3E0%)( III II ( I taE:::01 OC31 :A1 CON SIJ1 FINC3 1 .0 SCOPE OF WORK The objectives of this geologic hazard analysis are to characterize the geologic hazard conditions and the potential impact those conditions may have on the intended development of the East Vail Parcel (EVP)located in the Town of Vail,Colorado(Figure 1). This analysis is based on proposed development plans made availableat the time of this study (Alpine,January 30, 2019; Figure 2). Geologic hazards addressed in this analysis include rockfall,debris flows, and the existing landslide. Analysis of other geologic hazards including, but not limited to, snow avalanches, expansive soils and bedrock, and seismicity are not included in the scope of this study. Subsurface exploration or slope stability analysis for proposed cuts, fil Is,structural foundations, retaining wall structures, or other site improvements are not included in the scope of this study. Based on the documents avail ableto us and our understanding of the project, the scope of work for the geologic hazard analysis included: 1. Review of available Iiteratureand published mapping related to geologic conditions in the site area. 2. Review of appl icableTown of Vail codes and requirements related to geological lysensitive areas. 3. Analysisof rockfallhazard alongthree study sections using the Colorado Rockfal ISimulation Program (CRSP). 4. Meetings and col I aboration with the EVP design team, Town of Vail, Colorado Geological Survey(CGS), and others. 5. Preparationof this reportsigned bya Colorado Professional Geologistsummarizing findings, conclusions,and recommendations. The EVP is I ocated on the northeast side of 1-70 near the 1-70 East Vail exit, in the Town of Vail,Colorado (Figure 1). The site is triangular, about 23.3 acres in size, and is currently undeveloped except for a buried utility easement traversing the west side of the site. The part of the site which will be devel oped is the western approximate 5.4 acres (Housing Zone District). The remaining 17.9 acres of the site will remain undeveloped and zoned Natural Area Preservation(NAP). Fall Line Driveand the 1-70 Frontage Road bound the site along the southwest edge. Pitkin Creek Townhomes is located immediately southeast of the EVP and Booth Falls Mountain Homes (Booth Falls) development is located west/northwest of the site. The land to the north, northeast, northwest, and west is undeveloped, National Forest Service Land.There is a Town of Vail shuttlestop near the intersection of Fall Line Drive 1810611"ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.GbG]1CI1Aif`IR DANAN.YSIIS� VAG111130F19 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3EO%)( III II ( I C.iE:OI...0C.iICAI...CON SIJI...FIN(.i and 1-70 Frontage Road along the southwest edge of the site. Table 1 summarizes project site characteristics. Table 1. Project Site Characteristics Location: Town of Vail,Eagle County,Colorado Size: 23.3 acres total;5.4 acres to be developed Shape: Triangular Undevel oped except for a buried util ity easement that crosses through the Existing Condition: northwest part of the site. Vegetated with aspen trees,shrubs,and grasses. Incised drainages with fIowingwater on the west side of the site. Multi-I evelresidential buildings and surface parking on 5.4 acres zoned for Housing Proposed Development: on the west side of the site.The other 17.9 acres wil I remain undevel oped and zoned NAP.A rockfall/wildlifdDarrierwilI traverse the part of the site to be devel oped on the upslopeside. Topographic Quadrangle: Vail East Township/Range: SE/of Section 2,Township 4 South, Range 80 West Latitude/Longitude: 39°38'46"N /-106°18'25"W 8380 to about 8940 from southwest to northeast across entire site. Elevation: 8380 to about 8530 from southwest to northeast corner of the part of the site to be developed. Elevation Change Across About 560 feet across entire site. Site: About 150 feet across part of site to be devel oped. Slope of Ground Surface: About 15 to 20 degrees down toward the south/southwest. Gore Creek I ocated about 350 to 650 feet to the south. Nearby Drainage Features: Booth Creek located about 3,200 feet to the northwest. Pitkin Creek I ocated immediately east of the property boundary. Surf icialGeologic U nits: Col I uvium,I andsl ide deposits, and glacialtil1. Bedrock: Minturn Formation The EVP is located in the southeast quarter of Section 2, Township 4 South, Range 80 West, with a latitude and longitude of about 39°38'46"N and -106°18'25"W, respectively. Pitkin Creek is located immediately southeast of the entire site and Booth Creek is about 3,200 feet to the northwest. Both Pitkin and Booth Creek are deeply incised and active drainages that flowto confl uencewith Gore Creek, I ocated about 350 to 650 feet south/southwest of the site. The site topography slopes down to the southwest. The slope of the ground surface on the western part of the property(the part to be developed) ranges from about 0 to 20 degrees. The slope of the 1810611I'AS'I'VA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.OGICIIAZAIRDANALYS1[S� VAG1111I0PIP %'3 YIIL.II III II : II O� ( II II III ( II cap 01 OC31CA1.CON SlJ1.FINCi ground surface on the remainder of the EVP is steeper and exceeds 40 degrees in some places. Elevation ranges from about 8380 feet along the southwest side to about 8940 at the upper northeast corner. Elevation ranges from about 8380 to 8530 on the western part of the site to be developed, about 150 feet of elevation change. Refer to Figures 1 through 3 for site location, proposed development and topographic maps. 3.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY The EVP is in the Southern Rocky Mountain physiographic province along the western fl ankof the Gore Range, in a region characterized by montane to subal pine settings.The Gore faultsystem is the western structural boundary of the Gore Range and was active during the Laramide mountain building event about 70 to 50 mil I ionyears ago. The Gore Range is comprised of crystal I inerock and is separated from the Front Range Mountains to the east by the Blue River Valley and the Williams Range thrust fault zone. Southwest of the Gore faultsystem are thick sequences of sedimentary units such as the Minturn and Maroon Formations. Sedimentary units underlie the EVP and are comprised of shale, claystone, siltstone,sandstone, congl omerate,and marine I imestone.GI acial til I is al so m apped in the region al ong Gore Creek Val Ieyand associated tributaries. 3.2 SITE GEOLOGY Based on published geologic mapping (Kellogg and others, 2003, Kellogg and others,2011), the EVP is underl ain by surficial deposits comprised of artificial fil I,col I uvium, I andsl ide deposits, and gl acial til I (Figure 4). Bedrock underlying the EVP is Minturn Formation (middle Pennsylvanian in age; about 315 to 307 mil I ionyears before present) and is general I yobscured by surficial deposits except for steep cl iff outcrops upslope from the site. Geologic units are described below,fromyoungest to oldest in age: Artificial Fill — Artificial fill (af) is present and associated with modifications to the natural condition within and adjacent to the EVP, such as the buried util ityeasement in the western part and construction associated with Fall Line Drive,the shuttle stop, and the retaining wal I in the southeast part of the site. Colluvium — Col Iuvial deposits (Qc) of Holocene and upper Pleistocene age (126,000 years ago to present) bl anket most of the slope in the site area. Col I uvium is described as unconsol idated, non- stratified deposits covering sl opes I ess than 50 degrees. These deposits are typically I ess than 30 to 45 feet thick and comprised of pebble, cobble, and boulder sized rock and fine-grained material mixed together during movement downslope. 1810611"ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11F.GbN.GbG]1CIIAZAIRDANALYSI[S� VAG11150F19 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3EO%)( III II ( I (:6E:OI...O31CAI...CON IJI......FINC.i LondslideDeposits— Landslidedeposits (Qls)of Holoceneand upper Pleistoceneage (126,000 years ago to present) are mapped on the eastern part of the EVP, on the approximate 18 acres that wil I not be developed.These deposits vary from chaoticaI Iyarranged debristhat has mobil izeddownslopeto intact blocks of sedimentary bedrock. The middle and lower members of the Minturn Formation are particularlysusceptibleto Iandsliding(Kellogg and others,2003). Pinedole Till — Glacial till (Qtp) of upper Pleistocene, Pinedale glaciation age (about 30,000 to 12,000 years ago) is mapped in the southeast area of the EVP. Glacial till is also mapped upslopefromthe site, above the prominent cliff exposures. Glacial till is mapped throughout the Gore Creek Val ley and commonlyforms well-preserved moraines. The PinedaleTill is unsorted, unstratified, boulderyglacial til l,characterized by matrix-supported, sub rounded to subangul ar clastsof igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary(minor)composition.This unit tends to form hummocky surf acetopographywith common closed depressions and small ponds which have been modified bydevelopmentin the Gore Creek Val ley. The PinedaleTilIhas been mapped atvariabl eel evationsas high as 900 feet above the present elevation of Gore Creek, and may be up to about 90 feet thick in pl aces (Kellogg and others,2003; Kellogg and others 2011). Minturn Formation, Robinson Limestone Member— The Robinson Limestone Member of the Minturn Formation (Pmr) underlies the northeast part of the EVP. This unit also comprises the steep cliff outcrops upslopefrom the site. Pmr is thick-bedded, marine and dolomitic limestone, and is gray to yel lowgray,fine-to medium-grained, and local lyfossil iferous.This unit can be divided into four distinct depositional sequences which are interbedded with pink-tan and I ight tan, cross-bedded, micaceous pebbly sandstone, gray-pink sandy siltstone, and shale. The sandstone, siltstone, and shale layers weather to rounded shapes, whereas the limestone and dolomitic layers weather to more angular forms. Based on published mapping (Kellogg and others,2003), Pmr dips about 10 degrees south on the slope above the site. Pmr is about 360 feet thick in the project area, however, is about 660 feet thick at the type section. Minturn Formation, Individual limestone bed — This individual limestone bed of the Minturn Formation(Pmrl)is mapped within Pmr,is cl iff-forming and general Iygreater than 15 feet thick. Pmrl is mapped on the east side of the EVP on the slopesof Pitkin Creek. Minturn Formation, Lower Member—The Lower Member of the Minturn Formation (Pml)underlies the EVP and is comprised of arkosic conglomerate,sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Pml is pink-gray,gray- brown, gray-green, and mottled maroon and gray-green. This unit is about 1,200 feet thick in the project area. 1810611I'ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.OGICIIAZAIRDANALYSI[S� VAG111160F19 %'3KYIL.II III E(:3E0%)C II EII C I cap 01 OC31CA1.CON SlJ1.FINCi 4.0 GEOLOGIC HAZARD CONSIDERATIONS The Town of Vail code 12-21-13 1 ists the maps that have been adopted as official maps of the town to identify geological lysensitive areas and guide site-specific studies. These maps show debris flow and debris avalanche hazards (Arthur). Mears P.E., Inc., November1984), rockfaIIhazards (Schmueserand Associotes,Inc., November29, 1984), and geologic hazard areas (Lincoln DeVore Engineers,Geologists, August 16, 1982). Based on these maps, the EVP is within a rockfal Ihazard area and thus designated as a geological lysensitive area by the Town of Vail. The geologic hazard considerations incI uded in this study incI ude rockfal l,debris flows,and an existing I andsl ide(Figure 5). 4.1 ROCKFALL The EVP has been placed in a rockfallhazard area by the Town of VaII.The EVP is IocateddirectIybelow cliff exposures of the Robinson Limestone Member of the Minturn Formation. Potential rockfal lsource zones include these cliff exposures, glacial till deposits present further upslope, and other bedrock outcrops and piles of accumulated boulders on the slope above the site. The glacial till produces subrounded, granitic bouldersthat pose a rockfallhazard as they dislodge from the matrix and cascade downslope.The Minturn Formation tends to break from the source as irregul arblocksof various sizes. The primary rockfalltrigger for the bedrock is likely alternating freeze-thaw cycles. Additionally,the Minturn Formation has a combination of internal characteristics that contribute to rockfal) susceptibility,including: • thin, interbedded, weak shale Iayerswithin the thicker limestone and sandstone beds • joint patterns • bedrock dip of 10 to 15 degrees out-of-the sl ope(toward the vat I ey) The neighboring development to the northwest (Booth Fa11s)experienced historic rockfalIevents in 1983, 1986, 1987, and 1997, when I arge boul ders disl odged from the Robinson Limestone Member of the Minturn Formation and damaged residences (Kellogg and others,2003;ColorodoGeologicolSurvey, undated.The 1983 rockfal eevent prompted a rockfal Istudy forthe entire Town of Vail (Schmueserand Associotes,1984). The rockfal) berm and catchment that was in pl ace at the time of the 1997 rockfal I event was 100%effectivein containing rocksthat intercepted the barrier,however, part of that rockfal I mass skirted the edge of the berm and rol I ed downsl ope to damage structures in the development below. After the 1997 event, additional barriers (reinforced walls) were constructed to protect residences. Based on the Colorado Geological Survey (CGS) study conducted soon after the 1997 1810611"ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.GbG]1CI1AZAIRDANALYSI[S� VAG111170F19 %'3KYIL.IIIII III ('3E0%)C IIEII C II cap 01 OC31CA1.CON SlJ1.FINCi rockfal I event, the section of rock that detached from the upper cliff was about 20 x 8 x 8 feet in dimension and broke into smaller pieces as it tumbled down the slope. Two cliffexposures of the Robinson Limestone Member are present above Booth Falb and the CGS identified the main rockfal(source to be the upper cliff exposure (Figure 5). The upper cl iffexposure at Booth Fallscan be correlatedto the main rockfallsource for the EVP. The lower cliff exposure above the EVP is I argelyobscu red by col I uvial deposits and not considered a primary rockfallsource.The slope belowthe cliffexposures at Booth Fallsconstitutes the acceleration and runout zones and is about 40 degrees. The slope below the rockfal(source zone for the EVP is I ess extreme,varying from about 20 to 40 degrees. Joint spacing in the bedrock source zones may be an indicator for the potential size of rockfal Is.Joints observed in the upper cliff exposure above the EVP were spaced about 10 feet apart. Other joint set orientations and spacing may exist but were not observablein the cl iffside.Shal e I ayersin the I imestone and sandstone, spaced at irregular intervals, are also discontinuities along which blocks can be dislodged. Differential weathering of the shale layers also causing instability. For Booth Falls,the CGS states that: "Most rocks do not shatter,but remain os intact approximately 8 by 5 ft (2.5 by 1.5 m) limestone boulders which are capable of reoching thef orthestlimits of therunoutzone." The CGS indicates that I arger sl abs tend to break from the l ower source zone above Booth Fal 14 with diameters of 15 to 20 feet. 4.2 DEBRISFLOWS The EVP is not within the limits of the Town of Vail debris flow hazard zone, however, there is the potential for debris flowsat the site. Review of a detailed terrain surface derived from the LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) and of aerial photographs of the EVP and surrounding area indicates the potential for debris flows.Incised channels with fl owingwater are present on the west side of the site (the part to be developed) and on the sl opes above, evidence for active erosive processes. An intense, prolonged precipitation event or rapid snowmelt has the potential to trigger a fast-moving, hyper- concentrated debris flow. Modifications to the existing, natural condition may increase the debris flow susceptibility. 1810611"ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.GbG]1CIIAZAIRDANALYSI[S� VAG111180F19 II "IILJIIIII : II � ( IIIIIII ( II taE:::01 OC31 :A1 CON SIJ1 FINC3 4.3 EXISTING LANDSLIDE Landslide deposits are mapped on either side of the Gore Creek Valley and are common Iyassociated with the middle and lower members of the Minturn Formation (the lower member under ies the EVP). Most of these landslides are considered by investigators to be ancient and inactive. One known exception is a I arge historic I andsl ide about 1.5 mil es to the west of the EVP which was re-activated by undercutting of the toe for construction of 1-70. That landslide involved Minturn Formation bedrock units, the same which underlie the EVP. Contributing factors for landslide susceptibility in the project area includes over-steepening or undercutting of slopes by natural processes or human activities, bedding in sedimentary rocksthat is oriented out-of-the slope(dip-slope), deforestation and removal of vegetative cover, elevated water content by means of intense, prolonged rainfal for rapid snowmelt, and unit contacts with vastly contrasting material properties(Kellogg and others,2003). An existing landslide occupies the eastern approximate 18 acres of the EVP, the area to remain undeveloped (NAP).The landslide is visiblein the LiDARcollectedforthe area, shown on Figure5. Figure 6 shows a slope map derived from the LiDAR, with marked landslide extents. Geomorphic features of I andsl ide movement have been obscured by heavy vegetative cover and smoothed by natural processes over time. The LiDAR imagery assisted in delineating the extents of the landslide (Figure 7), which extend furtherupslopethan previouslyidentified in publ ishedgeologic maps (Kellogg and others,2003). The I ands)ide extents delineated in this report are approximate. Historical I ands)ides are complex,and characteristics vary even within a single landslide mass, including type of sl opefail ure(may be a combination of various mobilization mechanisms),timing of slopefail ure events, causative factors, direction of sliding, and others. The mechanism of sliding for this landslide may be combination of blocksliding and deep rotational processes.The detachment Iocationforthe landslide is located further upslope and beyond the boundaries of the EVP. The steep toe of the landslide is abruptlycut off by Fall Line Drive (Figure 7). The western flankof the landslide in the area of the toe is alsosteep and formsa recognizablebreakin slopeon the topography map. Based on LiDAR imagery,the approximate extent of the I ands)ide is about 1,750 feet wide by about 2,500 feet I ongfrom head scarp to Fa1I Line Drive. 5.0 ROCKFALL ANALYSIS Skyline modeled rockfallalong three representative study sections through the part of the EVP to be developed using the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program version 4.0 (CRSP). Figure 6 shows the Iocationsofthe study sections. CRSPestimates maximum, average, and cumulative probabilitystatistics 1810611"ASTVA11N.PAIR 0.LG11k_.GbN.GbG]1CIIAZAIRDANALYS1[S� VAG111190F19 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3EO%)( III II ( I (sE:OI...0031CAI...CON SIJI...FINC.6 for rockfallimpact kinetic energy,bounce height and velocity at analysis points along each slope prof ile. The slope geometry for each study section was derived from site-specific survey and from contours developed from LiDARdata. The current condition for each study section was analyzed and the model parameters calibrated to fit site observations of slope characteristics. Analysis points were chosen upslopefromthe property,at the upslopeproperty line,and at the proposed rockfall barrier locations. Resultsare reportedforthe proposed rockfallbarrierlocations. Rockfal I behavior is general lyinfl uenced by slope geometry, material properties of the slope, and the material properties and geometry of the fat I ng rock. Each study section was divided into sections (cells) based on slope characteristics. Cell boundaries were based on slope angle, vegetative cover, and material comprising the slope surface. Parameters that were estimated include density of limestone (source rock composition), surface roughness of the slope (SR), tangential coefficient of frictional resistance (Rj, and the normal coefficientof restitution (R,). SR is an estimation of the amount the slope angle varies within the radius of the rock being rol led.SR is a function of the size of the rock and the irregul arityof the sl opesurface and wit I have greater infI uence on smal l errock sizes. The SR of the slope along each study section varied based on the size of the rock being modeled. A rocksize of 3 to 4feet is common forthe slopeand occurswith some frequency. Due to snow cover, it was not possible to directly measure SR along each study section. The SR was estimated based on previous site visits and observations made for the initial Cesare study in May and June 2017, and on aerial photographs and LiDAR data. Rt is the component of velocity parallel to the slope, which decreases during impact. The Rt was estimated for each cell based on the typical material comprising that section of the slope, and the amount of vegetative cover. Vegetation tends to increase the frictional resistance in the direction paral Ielto the slope,thus decreasing the tangential coefficient. R accounts forthe change in vet ocityin a direction normal to the slopeduring an impact—a comparison of the normal velocityof the rock before and after impact of the rock with the ground surface. Skyl ine referredto the CRSP program manual for reasonable ranges of Rt and R for different surface material types along each study section. Table is a summary of the model parameters used for each study section. 18106 111I'AST VA11N.V"A]R 0.LG1111ON.OGICIply'/,AIR DANALYS1[SI V AG111110OF19 %'3 YIIL.II III III (:3EO%)C II III III C II C.E:aJl O(31CAI SON SiJl...PING Table 2. Summary of Rockfall Study Section Parameters Parameter Study Section A Study Section B Study Section C Length of section analyzed(ft) 1410 1460 1440 Elevation difference across section (ft) 775 770 765 Total number of cel Is 8 6 7 Analysis Point 1 Property Line Property Line Property Line Analysis Point 2 RockfallBarrier RockfallBarrier RockfallBarrier Top starting zone (y-coordinate) 9080 9080 9080 Bottom starting zone(y-coordinate) 9040 9040 9040 Number of rockssimulated 500 500 500 Starting veI ocity(x) 1 ft/sec 1 ft/sec 1 ft/sec Starting veI ocity(y) -1 ft/sec -1 ft/sec -1 ft/sec Lithologyof modeled rock Limestone Limestone Limestone Material density of modeled rock 165 I b/ff 165 I b/ff 165 I b/ff Rock shape Spherical,Discoidal Spherical,Discoidal Spherical,Discoidal Rock dimension (diameter) Varied (4,6,8, 10) Varied(4,6,8, 10) Varied(4,6, 8, 10) The primary rockfal Isource zone forthe EVP is I ocated at a bedrock outcrop of the Robinson Limestone about 1,240 to 1,280 feet upslopefrom the property boundary at an elevation of about 9040 to 9080. Rocks deposited on the slope belowthis source zone are blocky,slab-shaped and primarily comprised of gray limestone interbedded with layers of sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Boulders comprised of sandstone and pebble conglomerate were also observed. A second source for rockfal Iis the glacial till which caps the slope above the Robinson Limestone cl iffoutcrop.Subrounded bouldersof igneous and metamorphic composition are dislodged fromthe matrix of this deposit and rolldownslope. The slope directly below the rockfallsource zone is vegetated with aspen trees, tall shrubs, and grass. Further downslope from the source zone, the vegetation on the slopethins to aspen trees and grass. The material on the slope is soil,col I uvial material that has been transported downslope,and scattered boulders and Iargesl abs of bedrock which are slightlyto deeply embedded in the soil.The slope is also incised by active drainages which were fl owingwater during the Cesare site visits in May 2017. 5.1 STUDYSECTIONA Study Section A is located on the west side of the EVP(Figure 6). Study Section A spans a length of about 1,600 feet alongthe slopeand an elevation range from 8380 to 9150 (Figure 8). The slope is vegetated with aspen trees,shrubs,and grass, and covered in col I uvium and I imestone bout dersthat have broken 18106 IllllS`I SrAIIN,PAIRO.LG1111ON.OG]ICIIA'/,AIR))ANALYS1[S I V AG111111 OF19 %'3 YIIL.II III III (:3EO%E)GI III III C II C.iE:::(J1...O31CA1...C NSlJ1...FINC.i from the steep cl iffrockfal Isource zone at about elevation 8040 to 9080. Skyline understands that the intended barrier system at this location is a reinforced, rigid waI I with catchment area. The distance along the slope from the rockfal Isource zone to the property boundary is about 1,300 feet. Table 3 I ists slope profileparameters used for Study Section A. Table 3. Study Section A— Slope Profile Parameters Approx. Slope Material Cell Begin(x,y) Rt Rn Slope Slope Surface Characteristics Designation Angle(°) Vegetated slope above rockfal I 1 0,9150 0.70 0.15 35 Talus/FirmSoil source zone (Glacial Til 1) 2 100,9080 0.90 0.25 80-90 Steep cl iffface,rockfal Isource Bedrock zone (Limestone,jointed) 3 110,9040 0.65 0.18 30-35 Vegetated slope belowrockfall Talus/FirmSoil source zone (Col I uvium) 4 209,9000 0.65 0.18 40-45 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 5 500,8750 0.65 0.18 30-35 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 6 645,8650 0.65 0.16 20-30 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 7 1078,8450 0.70 0.16 15-20 Vegetated sl ope(Col I uvium) Talus/FirmSoil 8 1310,8376 0.90 0.60 FLAT Paved roadway (Fal I Line Drive) Paving Rt:tangential coefficient Rn:normal coefficient 5.2 STUDYSECTION B Study section B is located near the middle of the proposed development (Figure 6). Study Section B spans a length of about 1,650 feet along the slope and an elevation range from 8380 to 9150 (Figure 9). The slope is vegetated with aspen trees, shrubs, and grass, and covered in coil uviumand limestone bouldersthat have brokenfrom the steep cliff rockfallsource zone at about elevation 8040 to 9080. Skyline understands that the intended type of barrier system at this location is an earthen berm with catchment area located upslope from the proposed buildings. The distance along the slope from the rockfal lsource zone to the property boundary is about1,260feet. Table4Iists slope prof ileparameters used for Study Section B. 18106111I'AS"IVA11N.PAIR 0iLG1111ON.OGIC,!l(A'/,AIR DAI"ALYS1[SI IIAG11112c P19 %'3 YIIL.II III III (:3EO%E)GI III III C II („iE:OI...0031CAI...CON SIJL..FINC.i Table 4. Study Section B - Slope Profile Parameters Approx. Slope Material Cell Begin(x,y) Rt Rn Slope Slope Surface Characteristics Designation Angle(°) Vegetated slopeabove rockfall 1 0,9150 0.70 0.15 35 Talus/FirmSoil source zone (Glacial Til 1) 2 92,9080 0.90 0.25 80-90 Steep cl iffface,rockfal Isource Bedrock zone (Limestone,jointed) 3 100,9040 0.65 0.18 30-35 Vegetated slope bet ow rockfal I Tat us/FirmSoil source zone (Col Iuvium) 4 868, 8550 0.65 0.16 20-25 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 5 1150,8430 0.65 0.15 10-15 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 6 1356,8382 0.90 0.60 FLAT Paved roadway (Fal I Line Drive) Paving Rt:tangential coefficient Rn:normal coefficient 5.3 STUDYSECTION C Study section C is located near the east side of the proposed development (Figure 6). Study Section C spans a length of about 1,630 feet along the slope and an elevation range from 8384 to 9150 (Figure 10).The sl ope is vegetated with aspen trees,shrubs,and grass, and covered in col I uviumand I imestone boulders that have broken from the steep cliff rockfal lsource zone at about elevation 8040 to 9080. Skyl ine understands that the intended type of barrier system at this location is an earthen berm with catchment area located upslope from the proposed buildings. The distance along the slope from the rockfal lsource zone to the propertyboundary is about 1,100feet. Table5 I istsslopeprofileparameters used for Study Section C. Table 5. Study Section C - Slope Profile Parameters Approx. Slope Material Cell Begin(x,y) Rt Rn Slope Slope Surface Characteristics Designation Angle(°) Vegetated slopeabove rockfal I 1 0,9150 0.70 0.15 35 Talus/FirmSoil source zone (Glacial Til 1) 2 89,9080 0.90 0.25 80-90 Steep cl iffface,rockfal lsource Bedrock zone (Limestone,jointed) 3 96,9040 0.75 0.18 30-40 Vegetated slope bet ow rockfall Tat us/FirmSoil source zone (Col I uvium) 4 600,8700 0.75 0.18 20-30 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 5 873, 8550 0.65 0.17 15-20 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 6 1140,8450 0.65 0.15 10-15 Vegetated slope(Col Iuvium) Talus/FirmSoil 7 1386,8384 0.90 0.60 FLAT Paved roadway (Fal I Line Drive) Paving Rt:tangential coefficient Rn:normal coefficient 1810611I'AS"I 4rf"iIILPAIR 0iLG1111GbN.GbG]ICIIA'/,AIR DANALYS1[S� V"AG111113G P19 %S) YIIL.IIIII III ('3 O%')GkEIII C II C.iE:::01 O31CAI CON SiJ1 FINS 5.4 ROCKFALL ANALYSIS RESULTS Based on observations of the rockfal Isource zone and evidence on the ground surface along the slope, Skyline considers the design rock size for this site to be 8 to 10 feet in diameter. Two analysis points were analyzed for each study section: (AP1) located at the upslope property boundary and (AP2) located at the proposed barrier. For Study Sections A and B, the barrier is located at the upslope boundary. For Study Section C, the barrier is placed about 115 feet downslope from the property boundary(Figure 2). Estimates forthe maximum, 98% and 95% cumul ative probabil itystatistical results are reported for velocity,kinetic energy(KE), and bounce height. Based on the CRSP resultsfromthe three study sections (summarizedin Table6), the maximum KE at the barrier locations should be considered 2,300 kJ (1,700,000 ft-lb). The maximum bounce height should be considered 3.0 feet. A higher KE of about 3,160 kJ was estimated at AP1 for Study Section C, located at the property boundary about 115feet upslopefromwherethe barriersystem is placed (AP2). This part of the slope along Study Section C ranges from 15 to 20 degrees and is a soil covered, vegetated slope with scattered boulders. The difference in estimated impact energies between AP1 and AP2 shows how the rockfal(energy dissipates along this portion of the slope. Table 6. Rockf all Analysis Results Rock Bounce Height SS AP Rock Size/Shape Weight Velocity(ft/sec) Kinetic Energy(kJ) (ft) (lbs) max 98% 95% max 98% 95% max 2 8'spherical 44,234 -no rocks past AP A 2 10'spherical 86,394 24.8 1 22.3 20.9 1,550 1,120 1,010 1.3 2 10'x4'discoidal 51,836 24.5 20.5 19.0 920 590 530 1.2 2 8'spherical 44,234 14.2 16.2 14.7 260 290 260 0.7 B 2 10'spherical 86,394 29.8 22.5 20.4 2,200 1,130 990 2.6 2 10'x4'discoidal 51,836 24.4 19.0 1 17.1 930 520 450 1.8 2 8'spherical 44,234 -no rocks past AP C 1 10'spherical 86,394 37.0 30.2 27.8 3,160 1,980 1,750 3.3 2 10'spherical 86,394 31.8 23.6 21.3 2,300 1,230 1,070 2.4 2 10'x4'discoidal 51,836 32.7 27.1 24.8 1,690 1,000 890 3.0 SS-study section;kJ-kil ojouI es AP-a na I ysJs point;I bs-pounds;ft/sec-feet per second A 10-foot high barrier placed at AP2 for each study section successful Iystopped al 110-foot spherical rocks in the CRSP model. A 10-foot spherical rock wit I have higher estimated impact energies than a discoidal rock of simil ar dimension. Due to overtopping conditions that may occur and due to the size of boulders visible on the ground surface within the property limits (exceeding 10 feet in longest dimension), the recommended height of the barrieris 12 feet. 18106111"AST 4rAIIN,PAIRCI,iLGII1ON.OUICIIA'/,AllfDAl"ALYS1[SI VAGIIl114OF19 %'3KYIL.II III II : II O� ( II II III ( II cap 01 OC31 :A1 CON SLJ1 FINCi 6.0 CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS This report addresses rockfal I,debris fl ow,and existing I andsI ide hazards for the EVP,and the potential impacts those geoI ogic hazards have on the proposed development of the western 5.4 acres of the site. 6.1 ROCKFALL AND DEBRIS FLOW MITIGATION Rockfal land debris fIowhazards can be mitigated at the site with a sing Iebarriersystem.The mitigation system will reduce but not eliminate rockfal I and debris flow hazards in the area of the proposed development. Considerations for each hazard will have to be incorporated into structural and civil design of the system.The system wiI I also act as a wiI dl ifebarrier, I imiting pedestrian access tothe open space beyond and separating human activity from existing wildlife habitats. Skyline understands the barrier system under consideration is an earthen berm and catchment ditch. An impact barrier wal I with a smal I erspatial footprint is also being considered fort he western part of the site where there is limited space between the property boundary and edge of development. Refer to Figure 11 for typical sections of each barriertype. Recommendations for the barrier system include: a) Height = 12 feet. b) Designed to withstand the maximum impact energyestimated = 2,300 U. c) The impact face of the barrier should be as vertical as possible.A 1:1 slope is assumed for the earthen berm option, although a steeper grade is preferred A vertical face with minimal to positive batter on the upslopeside is recommended forthe impact barrierwall option. d) Ideal orientation of the barrieris perpendicul arto the fal Il ineof the slope.If a perpendicular orientation is not possibl e,a staggered wal I geometry may be considered. There shal I be no gaps in the barrier system and staggered sections should have appropriate angles and lengths to accommodate coverage of site development. If the angle of the barrier diverges significantlyfrom perpendicularto the fall I ineof the slope,the system must be designed to accommodate for containment of rockswithin the property boundaries. The orientation of the proposed barrier system is perpendicular to the fall line of the slope, except at the western end wherethe wal I deviates about 10to 15 degrees fromthe preferredorientation. It is not recommended for the barrier system to deviate more than 20 degrees from perpendicular to the fall I ine of the slope. 18106 I11"AS'D VA11N.V"lD]R0.LG1111DDN.DDG1CIply'/,AIR DANALYS1[SI V AG1111150�F19 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3E0%)( III II ( I cap 01 OC31 :A1 CON sLJ1 FINCi e) Adequate space uphill of the barrier for catchment and accumulation of rockfall,and for routine access of equipment for removal of accumul ated debris.This area shout d beg raded fl at. The actual width of the catchment depends on the size of the equipment to be used to remove accumulated debris and the angle of the slope above. The use of explosives or expansion grout can be used to break up Iarge boulders that accumulate in the catchment, creating smalIerfragmentsthat can be removed. f) The catchment area must be routinely maintained, and accumulated debris removed. Debris should not be al lowedto pileup and thus diminishing the effectivenessof the catchment. g) Surface drainage within the catchment should be controlledwith adequate slope of the ground surface. Based on proposed development plans availableat the time of this study, the ground surface of the catchment slopes down from east to west with a grade of 2%. Water should not be al lowedto accumulateor pond in the catchment. Surfacedrainage and erosion management related to the deeply incised drainages which were flowing water during the Cesare site visits in May and June 2017 must be considered. h) An access road to the catchment area must be designed and maintained. i) Routine inspection of the barriersystem must be enforced and wil I assist in determining the maintenance and repair needs of the system. Inspections should be conducted on a regular basis and immediately following a rockfal) or debris flow event. Other construction, maintenance and inspection recommendations may be provided by the wall manufacturer. j) Observation and inspection by a qualified engineering geologist or geotechnical engineer during construction and upon completionof the rockfal I barrier system is recommended. For comparison,the CGS study completed after the 1997 rockfal levent at Booth Fal lsand in support of the design of the additional MSE wall barriers constructed downslope from the initial rockfal learthen berm recommended a design impact energy of about 6,800 kJ (5,000,000 ft-I bs)at an AP about 30 feet upslopefrom existing structures.The design rocksize used bythe CGS was about 6 to 7 feet in diameter. CGS recommended a design height of no I ess than 12 feet,with a I ow capacity rockfal(fence at the top of the wall.Photographs 1 and 2 show one part of this wall system, taken during the winter months of 2017. Although the height of the wal l was not measured, it is apparent from the photographs that the wall is about 10 feet high (assuming each block is 6 inches high) with a chain Iinkfence on top to stop smal Ierrocks.Photographs 3 and 4 show the earthen berm upslopefrom Booth Fal ls.The slopesof this berm are steep and between 10 to 15 feet high. The crest is narrow and about 1 foot wide. 18106I11"AS'D VA11N.V"lD]R0.LG1111DDN.DDG1CIply'/,AIR DANALYS1[SI VAG1111160F19 %'3KYIL.II III E(:3E %)( II EI ( I cap OI.0031 AI.CON LJI FIwca Photograph 1. Existing rockfall impact barrier wall located about50 feet upslopef rom existing Booth Falls residences. M r;,.� Thissystemisaboutl0feethigh, with an additionallow capacity, chain link f enceat the top.(photo courtesy of Nathan Thompson,GSI) r > t i Photograph 2.Sideview of the existing rockfall impactbarrier walllocated upslopefromBooth Falls.(PhotocourtesyofNathan Thompson,GSI) i P Photograph 3. Existing rockfall berm upslope f rom Booth Falls.Photograph was taken whilestanding on the crest of a the bern3 looking east. Interstate 70 is visible in the background. E Da, Photograph 4. Existing rockfall berm and catchmentsystem upslopef rom Booth Falls,looking west.Photograph was taken while standing in the catchment area near the east end. 1810 111I'AS VA11N.V"A]R 0.LG1111ON.OGICIply'/,AIR DANALYSI[S V AG1111170F19 %'3KYUUNE���������U������ 5E01 O51[A1 [ONSU1 T|N5 6.7 EXISTING LANDSLIDE The existing I an dslideexhib its geomorphicevidence of past movement. Feat uressuch as a detach me nt zone upslope,over-steepened toe and f Ian k areas, and hummocky to pogr a phy are visib I eon the ground surface and in the LiDAKirnagery (Figures S through 7). Evidence of recent movement such as tension cracks, fresh scarp exposures, and other features were not observed. As noted by previous authors (Kellogg ond others,2DD3; 2D22), large |ands|ides in the Gore Creek Val|eyare general|yancient and inactive. Ground modifications and development around these ancient landslides will increase the potential for re-activation and re-mobilization of the |ands|idemass, as is the case on 1'70 about 1.5 miles west of the EVP. Based on the proposed development plan made available to Skyline at the time of this report, development and planned structures are limited to 5.4 acres on the west side of the EVP Planned development extends up tothe limitsof the steep westernflankof the I andsl ide extents as delineated from LiDARimagery and surf acetopography.Skyline recommends avoiding development within ornear the mapped extents ofthe landslide. Site improvements and regrading near the toe of the landslide may re-activate s|opernovernent and should beavoided. Landslide extentshave not been verifiedvvith subsurface exploration and the geomorphic expression of the landslidehas been smoothed with time and erosive processes.Thus, the |ands|ideextents presented in this report are approximate. Skyline recommends implementing a slope monitoring program during construction or grading activities nearthe landslide. If development within theextentsof the landsliceis planned, additional geological and geotechnical analysis should be performecto further characterizethe landslide and the potential impact the proposed development would have on slopestabil ity. —� �� LIMITATIONS � .�� K— UUY�UU U ��k U UK��U"��� The purpose of this report is to provide a geologic hazard analysis as it relates to rockfall,debris flows, and the existing I andsl ide for the development of the western 5.4 acresofthe EastVail Parcellocated in Vail, Colorado. The professional judgments and conclusions presented in this report meet the standard of care for our profession. This geologic hazard analysis is based on review of available |iteratureand published geologic and topographic maps, an understanding of geologic conditions and processes in the project area, andexperiencevvithsirni|arconditions. Variationsingeo|ogicconditions can and do occur. Subsurface exploration was not included in the scope of this study and snowcover prevented field verification of ground surface conditions along study sections. There isa potential for variations in the geologic conditions presented in this report. These variations, if present, may be enough to necessitate modifications to this report. If unexpected, adverse, or differing conditions are 1810511"&S v&DLPAIR 0�L GBdLuGICB&Z&IR D&N&LYSIS� PAGB28uP29 %'3KYIL.IIIII E('3E0%)( III II ( I cap 01 OC31CA1.CON SlJ1.FINCi encountered during geotechnical investigations or construction, Skyline should be notified for additional review and potential modification to the conclusions and recommendations herein. 8.0 REFERENCES Arthur I. Mears, P.E., Inc., 1984, Debris Flow and Debris Avalanche Hazard Analysis, prepared for the Town of Vail. Cesare, Inc., June 2017, RockfallHazard Study, East Vail Parcel,Vail,Colorado,preparedforVail Resorts Development Company. Colorado Geological Survey, RockfalIHazard Assessment at Booth FalIsCondominiums, and Proposed Mitigation, prepared for the Town of Vail,Colorado, undated. Kellogg,K.S., Bryant,B., Redsteer, M.H., 2003, Geologic Map of the Vail East Quadrangle,Eagle County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey MiscelIaneousFieldStudies Map MF-2375, version 1.1. Kel logg,K.S., Shroba, R.R., Premo,W.R., Bryant, B., 2011, Geologic Map of the Eastern Half of Vail 30' x 60' Quadrangle,Eagle, Summit, and Grand Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3170. Schmueser and Associates, Inc., 1984, RockfallStudy—Town of Vail,preparedforStan Berryman,Public Works Director,Town of Vail. LincolnDeVore Engineers, Geologists,August 16, 1982, Geologic Hazards Investigation and Subdivision Eval uation, Highl and Park Subdivision, Highl and Meadows Subdivisions, and Vail Vil I age West, Fil ings 1 and 2, West Vail,Col orado. Thank you for the opportunity to provide this geol ogic hazard analysis for the East Vail Parcel, Town of Vail,Colorado. Please contact Skylineifyou have any questions or comments regarding the information provided in this report. Sincerely, SKY[JIME ° EOSCIIIIIEI IIE Report Prepared By: Golden, Colorado www.skyl inegeoscience.com - — Julia M. Frazier, P.G. I Owner 18106 11"ASD VA11N.V»A]R0.LG1111DDN.DDG1CIply'/,AIR DANALYSI[SI V AG1111190F19 i i m .B aM, 6 Bas emap:Google Earth East Val l Workforce Housing Parcel(+/-23.3 acres) Area to be developed(+/-5.4 acres) 0 500 1000 APPROXIMATE SCALEIN FEET N Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 1 KY III Site Location GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25,2019 E.I M LOT 2 U.S.FOREST SERVICE LOT 3 TATE HIGHFAY RO � I ,y ` NEl/4,EEl/4, 9ERVICEST y."�'.` � C�'—`'��^ y�{4 �.i""'ti � i�J� ".::ea ,�.6'• eat 'I p1 •2_ _ 0 v� T 9/ - EcyvngxiNo gingaue ` '�.,, ^,. '�`y n,rmz (� � � �"`- �� f •• � t, ors x �` , g ' �• r �``�"`�.. ': ..,, �. �"�," � (�ww E� y' !l � "' �_ emu"'.'s� s�, "�'w�z � � `�. ",... � .r' �� �`'�::: ��� ��err .. � •� ti��f" ��� � f � VAk L F A d y, 7 v LEGEND ,�!„- eM1t PBO,CS➢CLNItlIRFy ��"^ \� I�i r%Yoh PR(fYAEO BgA0r1i IRLVMiO WNL `.�' ' ��" � # Vu PRrnCS.➢MBE(R SpL MNL WNL \ / , 0 PRUM)Hll C®CREIef 991ALT 1`.,, '�^+.,^y �.• �'I ��.) h .""..,' EIBIN6/PftWOlFL CABIEtt `` � '" /A �1Bs nWul�'. t ly � B�BmB nC Bna,nB,saaresEB ``�•� :,`r:: ,.,. \`' P, u�e„�w u B,esncRaavogn ale .'`" Map Source:Alpine Engineering(January 30,2019) 0 120 240 TTTM APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET N Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 2 III III a III Date: 01.30.2019 Proposed Development GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING '1111111-.............. ................ ............. k .. .......... ........... N .......... ......... .... r, r .......... ............... ....... ...... ........... tf ............ ........................ . .. ..... .................. .................... ............ ........... ................ ........................ .......... 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Va H1, t\ ........... ......... .................. Memoriat k in .......... ............... .................. .......... ............... r .............. , 1�,�,, 41), ................. ............. ........... ............. ....... ............ hit,N1, ................... ............. �,V ........... ................. Z� kq, ............ ....... uO................... . ................ nk ................. P\1............. ........... w'N .. ........ Nij---', I ...... ...... . ........ ink ............. ............. N 14 , "I, ............. . ......... ................... .......... .................. ff ............ ...... ..... , , 4�............................... ........... . ............ 5 ........... . ........ ........... ...... .......... .. .............. ........... ri .......... Its ........... ............ ........ ................... ............................. ........... z, Ilk ? s, h edv -..............., Basemap:Vail East Topographic Quadrangle(USGS) N East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel 23.3 acres) 0 1000 2000 Area to be developed(+/-5.4 acres) APPROXIMATE SCALEIN FEET 0 //Z P r oject No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 3 KY N E G E C)"( N C E Date: 01.25.2019 Topographic Map GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING frv, `" r r °,• � „p � .,r°"-, �: ' ( .. .. ,: f �rsrt,i f�'r//��J�rf / ,P „ / rr, d�.,, I: ( ., I.. m„- p a ,I,r,, ` ;l � G=f. 11" ...��' ,f:.,4 ,d ;//��/'r iJ „��rr�r•r {,'�rl/ / ` } \ ,i, ,J11 f Nr r, fa I y "ta+sx•� /> ,�/, 9�, ( d, 7 3„ / ,'� a �, ". `" "„," ."•.� p, I� ,:- � �,r41 a=, .. _ r ; 1 w :;'.: ,/i r r', , } r ,�i, ^;r, � I r �„ LIST OF MAP LIMITS '"„ � 1�. m,,. ,•,rr_,r.r:v..,aU,„r.,M, , r r m_z.r ,h r,,, -, tp"! N( j„;;~< .x =;a„,,o.. ro,,,¢"t7 r„•a� 91„,,I ! ✓(, r �I.I I: .�, t,<.,:,..` „/(,/�r ft.,,.���r'I:�l/✓hr r Dr,l,.,�/,I'�,l „, ,/, Snowfi eld{latest Holocene) 1 616 Normal fault Dashed where.approximately located:dotted r!.✓' rv_...r , , ✓ „.X.., ,,..� ...t.. r 1 ., ,t` /, r // J � ti..., r. ir,. ,:•.� rnhE.rE,e.onr.E.aled_6a11 and baron rlownthrown side_Dip ,r,. ::i/, ,,":fi ,�:� �k, •,^.err + .", ,, /r, a r r 7 ... ., mm,. �.,P 'U,. / � - 4., Itriest Holocene)Arirfrcr<d fill( � d:. , � /Nr r .:i'✓',, rr,�"., �",� ,•.:'d ,f ��P J,rr 1^', .: ,. . .'.,', :.. :,,. ,r J a.. , r/; »J'.1�.�,.rr; r/D.(��e , IV::,:, r mfr:. r /•f .. :.:, ^.: of fault plane shown where knoum m' 'NI m :J.r t�r 4c ,q;,'.,J �rr 1' f t, � it e, '(,// i) ,l / � / �:p) ✓�' •r• " r'4,„k...,.:,,..,:.w.,.,.t.,..,^„..,„,, I;,,r„'.,... ,_,.;.„..•,-,.,:„,i;��rry ,....,,�.,;:,r,,,.a„.".h:°,„,:,:„.,.;.,":W,,.,.rf m,,�rp'I4,f kr'�,„�,,J.":,.ly,.;r,.,,V+=:lrvd.,,',.:;a:,r.r J jn SJ"I Irp V r`r pr r,�,V,t,f p a,-,.:xr::v,,..,,,:n,✓.r✓,,„rt ,..ry»,J..,t,,,.-,.,.,...°Vi.r,,,ua..n...r.,^;"m,a:"r„xs^,„.y.,.„uaW.b'.,II,r,.„,J::..+,,f rv::.:.,. ,".,.r,i I I uf f.r,r.u.;"rn?'"r d(r sr�rr rr,,rr..l,ev-...,:\. I. .....,:•::hr,.,.•,1 ,.,..•...i,e".'..,,..,,. .._.•.rr, r r�l t.;.♦„,-....... _::.r�I,�,,�/�//�,a,/,rj/�rr�%r„rii/.rr„r,`�i%,'.�,f,/9/,.G, ����,,.,.1..`(.„.r(,>y.".,`I'rf I:,ry..,,r,a,:.x,„,;r,a=rv.P i...r,/�ran r^r.�p,,„F.r,'`:.,/re.:•s a:ir;r,•/I Qa Alluvium{Holocene) Reverse fault—Dashed where approximately loc ated dotted whom concealed:rectangles,n upper late QlsY Recent landslide deposits(Holocene) ro " r� Thrust fault -Dotted.x,h,ra,.nn.. lad. Tv,ethrn )upper 1-1t... K, ,, „mlhEm„„, A"m ..,,,Mlr ,r �,�( ,"„ ,,..„a„„",mrM a �, Ilk) ,:. . •, r �...• .•v I �,�i�, r/;J tr J � r I d ,I!"I '� a:^4r � where. . tea. .. a Ll�p. p<e r ...::m„ ,,,,^, .,,.,. �", :.::,,./ r ;' ,"r. , ."; •7 „/tilt �fi�, r.��r ,f,. J yr..I.v.J} fir J /r it r _ � �E .:.Ua; ....,,.,- ,"'F'... m.. ,.,?, ,. ~ar - r� ✓ ,r/,r, Uf . . s Dip u[itiultalatteshur.vuwheraknown • „^, tv w Icy ,, :, °,r";v fa! rr s ",,,,," >r,, ,�I ,. ., ' 'm rr�i�� r/�f) 1/ % / : f }a; Fan deposits(Holocene and upper Pleistocene) P I ' ry ^"• .., arpF" ✓ M,. r '✓.,;r w r ,U. 7 !r t i, .,• ^ - r'';r 1," �;-ir✓ Ill, r":. r„'mi'�3;: ),,�° rn. u, r, ____ .— .a I � r r^.`I-.!. •",;u ° ,.x, z., +, :,r ,, "r ,;„ ,n1 ,r .,, ,x._. .. tt.�1.. % j,,1 / Yon rot. „).14 ) .:, '.II Strike-slip fault Dashed where approximately located; m'" <'..,., 6rf= " ,-%r°=i: r ",x (... •e r, 0. t 4 ' / /,,.,(� :r,,o K k;:t..,I ,m' �r �t Talus Holocene and upper Plerstocene ..,.._. M r. ^ ..r.. a,, .,'Urrf, ,",Mr v` , „r. ,°^ ! ,'., vwf .,,, ,.0. ,.,. � �/ 'y)'• � :,rr•.. I �tr„`:r< Y, ( PP ) ,,.,�,»r�;. , ,„;^ :.. ."t„„,, .: r a,„, ,H•Uy.,. r .. ., • ,,. ...,, -..^. , ' .'. •.�°u"",. r a;� ( //�/ / ,,,„; r,�, ,„ , i dotted where concealed;arrows show relative slip direction I u• ,,.,:: '„.;,» r" �h�.v r'r�r 2M,,,,,.✓,L.,,J I,w�`„'`.,,,, I I /r,�,Fr�,; lf: ,, °. .PI..- �."._..t '^}*k ..�: .,.�.' °a_ If? / � c, r /.: ,,r,t kd„ If,d�„', 2df Debns Iaw deposits(Holocene and upper Pleistocene) M lonitic shear (cn4vallr paralal to Prrta >zoir m r' w 1 d")`✓ s ; i U " O,rrs '+. Hauestake shear zone Twetcv and Sims. : ,ry<;,,,.r ,"„,, ,<:r. �-rr,4 r:-U „„�p:;,:,,°,,*r lJ,,I..4.;rs„ .,,,;,.„,r!,.:,,,.. nrr,:P r.:�!'r JF.,rS.� ..,,.....„.: ,. ', •b. t .,,;m.', ,.r"✓f/I rt, lI �r",:fi:rr,a u ar rpr, I rr.,rr ,r r r„` r�' 19 Sl Rock-glacier deposits(Holocene and upper Pleistocene)r", ✓ � :^ „,, „'m'w ,, , ,: „r,K s-:: ;r t �.., ,.,. .y:,`.• ,... ,• r, ". r '.r;, .. �'�,," ,,'<,. '�a '.r: /,, :� --'------ AnticlineShowing hate of axial plane.Dotted where r „"',. „.,, ,�„,fir,,,. a ,f,•:,- , ,rEr+rrN. >,,„„"m „yr+arh '`..' ,,.. a 0 rl I a /;,, "',ir, f° rJ _:'.., w,= rr *. " r'" ,-;• .,. ±�rd ..i,. ,. , ",; ;ry 7 , //; `,pr,N r.n,'," rirrr ���p`t ,......,,,,,.... deposits s concealed . . v.: :� ,�' ,, °" .: .,.:'., .r ""p";li I :'... ...,. " ,,U " , ,., ,.,,` .." r'rM".,. •t,::(.. ! J rr 1 J'�i' ;//,!�'✓,,, .�" ,,,,7�i�r,,,,, Wetland deposit.(Holocene and upper Pleistocene) :✓°r a` :: ,j•m r ' n n ,",.: a mN"M {,r ., :",t f" ,n r a „m'' /-. :r*' .,,, "r'""" mo.t ,r,m!,,„s,. ,,., r n ✓i '.., ." 2... ..., ., .• -.. ',.,7, 8.'k,.;:', n �r, r•r,; 4°..a' P r�, 'i'�/� � J d ._ • ,"r.,r,,r ,,,L :,r�: �,,,,, ,o, ,"," .":r� r ..., „r+,, v�p .... ,,4, „' r•. / : � ,,,,,,. .,y°,. .,.. I, � S nclin�Shrrvin tra,.e,of axial iLane.Dotted where „r" •'`:/, ,°"„, ,r" u„, rm•!e. °�r ,, '' :, , rvr •,....•. raF..s '„ "::.r; !. "',,, "".'E"r:' .r/,, r - 1�::" ., r. .�*"", ,,,.,r*" ,� r r; ,c,,l yr a,Um'r,",,f rp"., ;�rr*",`,m,.+"". ,,^.,. ,r, ,. , ,,. ,��,< sl o ,w,�':• ........ y 3 I ,• �, ,,. ea/ ,,.«•",,; / ,„Lin"E' ,. ,, ,aa�tier I�' ,' P ~ .., '"�,• �♦... .W:` ",�' .I �;t i f�� �%, .f, (:r" finis. Alluvium and.colluvium,undivided(Holocene and upper " ' � r'• � . .•,,. tr M'a, M r / �r r, a mr/�' concealed" ., /..:,,rkr'^"M" •''r"w n' ;rr''tr°r/.,` ,.r• •.' Pleistocene) �,„"^...r p � , ,... •,.. �,,;,_, .;;,r t/ � Strike and di of beds '"Mina �a'Wv ' .., ;tt'+r'ti ( 4 -, .5... 't ♦:•. Ek '"dmw w' ,� y'✓"r� r *fi( 1% '� " (' -IIJ�i'(r rJ" rr i P ( PP ) • �, r�" � ." ^ " pX,. ♦'�� •" I I ^ t:( t .�e:�• Colluvrum Holocene and upper Plerstocene Inclined of y ' inn.. .•�. ...- �,,r. �� ,',^ "„ .,,.. ..,.` ....,: 1',"`,,,„. "� .`,`*.:M,....,., rf r! "a :. ",w°. �/ yj "�21�, Landslide deposits(Holocene and upper Pleistocene) Vertical " r;,, :"' � Y, _ '•,,7 roc r Qfm Felsenmeer(Holocene and Pleistocene) .d' Overturned pl�z, Boulder field(upper?Pleistocene) Horizontal r r ✓ ✓ a" ' 3.- tw r,r', ^+ ✓, ,r.1 '�.yrt r.,,r'rnr"'"i ',', /, „',^ U„: r,; °; U,/ !' %i - ^ fk[F` Pinedale Till(upper Pleistocene) f m ✓' , a✓ �, am y„rv, �'` , ' �m'= r^* ,� , F„-, 1��l�i/ �'� / rt ra Approximate spike and dip of beds """ "' " v v a 'n'µa<ij mmr r r v U a ',/,✓/r` /i'/" �� %�?I/Ffr `ra* t)7 Bull Lake Till(middle Pleistocene) __ Inclined ,ry ,r^'/ Y ... .. r ,,�r,?" � rd,/, ! (j T:.;�;r Diamiclon(middle to lower Pleistocene) Strike and dip of foliation m, Inclined :; �! I� ,.a el' r.: i";�,M) a -�.;• < w r ti „�, ",.......,,, `r1!�t G r rUa^` 'ff r } � ri r„r�f� r 1,;,•.�,r, r. !;•�1, �-. Dike rocks of intermediate to felsic composition(Tertiary) •< r " <"" °'r, ,. " fi „,:,ml '• f E, ,;!'a, U ,,,✓u„ r;„„,, r // Jr d f r " - -. tr ,�-. rr:. y",k ,r",ma r r«•m° k.,,%.; fi, ,r `, / U;m /i '`lr r'`,.�' r... .. m," Aws"L '„„` , • '„:;., � wL + „ J ,, I „W;T P, .. r�r(Y /";M✓ X�U",1� r,,,q^f'w f tl i,I,, l r�f ' PH'rn Maroon Formation(Lower Permian to Middle + Vertical. M ::uMr%�%,r ...-.. ..,. m.�,»b„ ""::P" tt :'"—mow"' .,.:�w.. .,,Jy":"","' _M, ..",„"we9.. ..,�,'w "�ks "" ✓;A Pf,' pr;:. rM�„F,;L, �� `r r4,,e,r e,j , �,"P' " � ri rU,.. ra ;�r�: .� �,. Um,.• ,^' �J ,,�,.,.. ,t ;,r 1��;;,',,,,, , Pf// „ry,��r; � l Pennsylvanian) —.>< Bearing and plunge of lineation ry r,...... ,� "a"#w �r-a n^5 ,.:I r'%'!'Pa "+,•ya?,r'i^,v„':G ."t "a':: o r, "^' ..gym: :'• +.. e ', r'" ,. ^'> '`,r . ,r„ ,'7r r.:J�!U ` 8 P S' h �: ��� y ^yam`"r "`""" a„ '�"'�.---�' t' ,,, ,n�, d ,r;,t. ✓ �;r„i /J�, ���M1 o r, ,� � ern Minturn Formation,undifferentiated(Middle ,;, ✓ "' u..,, ,,,i, a ('rIn'n»✓W ,,: .„;�':'I",`,""" :`J:'fib:...v .n, bw:-^ ' :-���.r, ,,...�,. ,�',• '�:^ �g ..�.." ',. ! Q<! treh.q:,m ^•.o,<, ,.T,,„ } r. „' r rev,w.�„„di'���� i�� rw't �u i^ ai� n,":^12J rz Strike and dip of foliation and bearing and plunge of Pennsylvanian) ,..:'- v' .:..,.,;:;, .���:..:.-.•%" rvs.-,., ...``• ._..� "'�,:, " `"`'�"Jt •r rr� ,... F„II,:'. a "y ✓ ,air' :,ry r r.:, i ���I?,'�� /..�:r'f ,, .,, : - associated lineation ., ,: ,., ....f: ...... a „:. d m" ;,,, ('p <'a ✓ e , ? , 1, f, (.rj ::r, � � r��"` ,,;^TMin" <,,,,,r„, ',, _�„ .m,�„r, ,�ma, .. y fi}r hd'",..!^..-.✓,r ",;�:� ,�, 6. ,,, ,�L, r�% /r/vr .. r ,,U,, 1Pntl� Jacque Mountain.Limestone Member",. ' &' ,»;,,,;.r;„~,; ., ,U, .:;. ,._,� _.,,-,;�. m v«•,.' r.4. r"..., ,`�'" 'r,:r�",' ,m,.m "➢�, 0�"f;i� w r ✓. ✓UP�,!r,(a i� 'd i�, �/�/,,f� f a;;r.V0 Strike and of small fault or fracture°.M^'^""•;', rr ;,, ' .r,( ".._ µ-w.+';:,• . (3f .^ .. .,:na;„. a.. ... tl'; „n„ w^",';' M!",n r,F'. .F ^r"x.?L' , ,U"4v� ,/. .".. ] di� ., fi r;ar. ,., .,. 5 "a v: ..,„ „^ m,.. ..-.. ..,: " „.'4,r: `w. ,..,f v.. .In ,E ,taE, ^" t,�.t r Ur,,,r r"✓ 'v"r` :l r;//i r ,''i , ;i- ";f}ri . :^ ". .,. ....: ,'t .. „„..,r " .,,; _,: .,� :^:...,., ...,.. �.,.�:^ „, ,♦: .. ,,,.„ W- <„fsrnmwz m r r, / r ';d ,°��''n,�l; / � �`.�^�:,,. Upper sandstone and conglomerate member Umc,IrS„ .•r',. .. ..... .. .!_. .",,.. "„r...,,• aJ3 ,r ✓�mlv r✓f/,; � � U, �1f 1� r� r� ,y.�. Inclined. d""f ;,,, .,.,r . . ,uL,,k):< a. y r:„:o, "'tap. t i „✓, ��, ..;, � �.. m .,�"t•^,r "»..,': ,� � '��.. k a,-.„'^ar . n�,' ,r�t� ,a,,,r>k-' �'(m r;",;h , r�"aU ; ,,k" ,�t, -r'rii � LG �i'� Uxm's: .. ,� ,� .. mrr',. m�- „.hti.t: ., =..':; - -. .mTMy- .ra °,'wi I �„,, •,',w„y^ .r,> re „�;w, r4. np;"r. ,e.rr„I ¢e,I, �.! Y�3 White Quail Limestone Member Vertical ,µ �'�r .r, :n r&L m+,..rf,'�r+" "'.;J' :, ::.....�.� ._::..• �� �.. -.;, ., :W::, '�" "Ur �r*"'rs r" "„r'✓' "'"" ,f,°J',�r' ✓"(;r'r;:E,.Uh •h .... ,..., .",,Ir�" n„„,::, ^, .��tfi n, � -_. �. G,l �' ,t, r �,y'y ha • ✓a ✓"t� I o, ` rr i, Middle member._.. K „v.K ,.. ,,". ., :K.,: � ,r:I,.., ...... �,.,... ~•a, �,•. „;, /, ,,r t,„ m ,r':..�,� , m "r r!;,'? y i I�,,' Letter indicates locality referred to in text }„c ,ry p � ✓, r:. ,,,. _ ,µ., ;_ I ;':^;,' rc,.'b. ''""*�.„,,.,. `�� ,; J >" "^ r'4,, '4?1yK a'a f ,�'.•/, ivy', !r,,,;,i'irr , / "a�;:.. wg .r, _., r w+^"J+. ,,, , ,:.. ,,'r .:,.,. ~„N "^*•+,. "„,., ,,,l„ ,r,•„ '„ „h ^wfu ! '"+y?i:w ,fi,wm*m wino'."", „'f;.. �mrnl' "•,'r- ,.r;^ rr ''� ,,..., , „M� �. ,.,, �.. I ,.'�^", y,,,r '}p, r„1.., r 5 „�", rW;har,,,: 7"'Id•,,,. /,l b '�+ih :,. ..'... 4.�+' ... l �a.,l •,,... r'✓r „ ,:, •, ^',:? "„s :.r�:: sts.dh"�eru�tm '?f,'..:.I „ a,: , r,,r, ^,;. ^r, i, m•: r a a. Ja,,...,r' .,,�' "�;;r'4, ,1,farvn'vl,+?r ,.r I Individual limestone bed ..r ,. w'�,,:✓° ( V ,r"„ 1".'w 'u � ^ �^„ fi,, /_ � 'b vi .. ,qt( .+!(tj, 'm'M '4 � �, '�lM � ;Y,i4,,J"tl�Y,��,/�+�,,F l! �{, '� ry•„ r', Km„ ,r � �r ,<.. �,^< ,.,..:„ ".i U ''Y m,, 1 .; �,„« ♦ : s'f;., ,; r '`- ✓ , ,. /, ,,, / ,�rr /rE� „, ,,., .,,. "^r, ,pr",, :U .,,,r. , , ✓ < C,K .,..,w,.„ ,.w"r, r,.N,E,,:„ �, ,la, -, ., ""*: '� r r%rl..M�� .,.... na'' w.✓,•.„w ,r•r a a✓ ,,.-, ","a �,.. ",»:, r,- ...„,.., "::. ,.. r,r.v..p„ t ::..,;� L. ,,, ,,.. ,.,,,, ,min,;-„ /Jf P,^ r :.r ' ,:r'' {,. m~3 r,e sat<�r.,:•:",.'�V.0,- ,r tIr,rr r.„r".,,rw�,/.f .. »;,".w,«....,.:;:i;,:,; yJ r L^,r r„*,�,,c,e-:,'a✓:z -..,r•,.,::^;,. rv. r,U,M,s�n." � mV�,„.... ..,. .-.,r:.,",., ^ t, �,..rvfr,,rrr,>,,t..„..�0 "L,`.,".,.},.ye.rr,rh^Y,U�a.r,,.,,r,,Sry, ::➢.,C J.f"'I/ r,,,;!', r„Ua/t,,apa,,,',.. "•w,„°'Ir�.","_lEn.,;a,„.,r ,.,.K,ar r,,,,:., ', eu/r�,„w)y�.,�, J<l;a,+Yl`�,r,r',/,r�''�p(�r Ur�e;',,rry drr,rJ': t ..... [P nt;r ' Robinson Limestone Member //. �mvl ,Ww Is`m^imm;+," ✓.': r� ,�,... r w" C,✓' ,^ "n. r ,r,• w , .. ,...... ,r» ,,,u 4t I,rr xry;":"a_.... y , 4r„�;, w,^:. �,�.. :� ,. f,r ..I, £'I I,. -.+s m I K •I,, r ?/rr ::,,,:m ,,a...r.rw ° a...=. , " n tr, r ... .,. ,,. .^,.. ,•,: ,."& r „ ^� .,,.,,;,; rl, ,,,m ,.r„ rprl,. �..,,•. "'::. 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AJ"' m"r rSa a, ,r 1"'m; .`•.,�.:�t �k", Pzcd",�T' kilometers Ikm) 0.6214 miles trail clastic dike(lower Paleozoic'?) „,Iw h"I°p �oo� f( I Ejvv',u;:, ��f I,rm;+'? " !;,(4 l"""° "`'',"'' "r` r rtir}gry4( ✓"'shy �k.:^"H,„intror my ;4 ,4te•.. m;^..„,,yr /I,f t f �,I II iq�" °""ram',.. I , � ,� -�.,^ m' toter`r'•,;`t a;,,t: 14 y',� ;. s4'`,y ,t`"% 4 „4w ,,.,, •". ,. Parting Formation(Upper Devonian) Multiply BV To ohtsin inches tin.} 2.54.... centimeters lcml.. Peerless Formation (Upper Cambrian) reef (i 0,3048 meters lint ;.'°„?U'.i p,r )' s,„w.,.a =M y„„ r".( U •.tr. t I;•2, "Ji re ry' r I sa .✓,„,,:,„ miles(mii 1,604 kilometers lkrl ^r ^" wa'< ,'" """` °; t m^) *�' a °�°'�'r v r�p r I _�' , :.;,..,' .' a�♦' ,d f a „,,� 1 r "'<. 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D° / �'r!,': � 11'I" )�t r w ,;r�m~Ud";rm^", "♦ 1 ((��,� �rtrr,' y � /""r�:. �°� �J cross Sections ,' "+'"r ... ,�' ,r',:,/ v/-'6„;.:'' I v ,,^„a `U1Y f „^:�" •„rM a,�,,.,,y ,."•. �� `yv ,�, wrSy, „•„x�� .,., , wr; � Rocks of the Cross Creek batboliih(Early Proterozoic) r , "' ram. ,fi"5 t•t W ".,... re� " ApliNc granite �,.,,�� ,. /:'t f r.k,♦ ,l r'd rr`Jy,r. .�,._�'..�, I, I ti � "y„a"; y�is„wr a„ "''",,tiyi,y "fit ,w / �, r ,.kfK '`:Mk%"`J ' ' ,.,,.,: m=:^^ `"' 'u 1111 <'�,,' /•/ .'. l .."......„ ' a ,' ,;.. ,, „K x .a U „,•ti w, r Cross Creek Granite :.Pf(� s. sr ,,,,,... "'F, ,.r+a„y, °. ,,;,: '•'" '. :i :, �: :^..•""'ar ';, ,. C,di". ., ° •„„ � ..,., .,,,� ..,�, w IT'•:�, � I r � I �,,, ;,,gym, y,m�C., a,� ��r, l 'ti' ✓ M � a � � y t .., w✓..,....,„ * err °""' _ w`.w.".. , ° ..,,,. ~, i. •" ",. " .,., (.. hirro ✓;.;AN», I,^ m, ,,;^ k q G:. M`„,, �r��t Diorite 'rP 4 Qa G .,. »....;, ., y,. „.�•, g,4�4 ,a I(y v;U tlN p✓ tg, °a, �� ✓%r I€ ,r ,ar,. 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I U r, '� Biotite gneiss(Early Proterozoic) 05`" �,�µs`� SCALE'1 24 000 1- ■----- ------- ------- ------- �------1i't. _0 I MILE ConlacL Dash4dwhctc aFtPiox}rt�tclYhcatcd.dottedraherc b -.f;i) I,')f,t,'ft concealed,4howing dip where known sJt ,. �p Fault or prominent fracnrreDashed where approximately .O � 40' 5 O 1 K11-UrETER located;dotted where concealed.Showing dip where '-,:d.EIE„�.(IGI E _DF.ATI::I•' known,For some faults,no apparent offset interpreted CONTOUR I IT LRVAL 40 FIll from air photoqraphs INDEX MAP SHOWING SURROUNDING QUADRANGLES NATICINAL GTETIC VERTICAL DATUM CF 1929 Map Source:Kellogg and others,2003 East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel(+/-23.3 acres) ' Project No: 18105 III Y I..... II :..:"I :..: E Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 4 Geologic Map GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date:01.25.2019 r' ✓ 11 NI II i i a r r I � ,rr(✓�((rx�teriGlrr/rrrlG F°%/rrr w.w.rc�,jv;,un,��k�s✓,rtvr�rduY G//j4V1t(ta(✓/��/✓lr�d/l%//Irl rl/"�� J�` ", , iris o,,, r r�46rrG �/i i w M n l r✓ ��(VI �J��UUf4)) 1 I ( // ��Jd(!Ur�J rf(ri ✓v, �a,.r� la'. °Ih ir�;rr%1 r ,";�Y C� r^dF N� �"��e. ' r+/✓,��.6�7h r� :,'.z. Y/��/!f�INJf�r�" aM F ��, ,. i - i�l/��IIJ ��/��/�%r'jP' I II I 1, r , M Iw �:✓ W II, I �,o /icr,<,!^ a°1�r e'ru�/i;x�t �,, s,✓� .m r//,/try/i�//�///r ,� ra �� Jc/ / j ,,/1,� ,✓ 4� r..��" ,,, ,,� „�r.. � ., ,�'� �.���, �� 6 /� r/a��% ,-. , �k v i,/,r, ,, ra"„,/,. //� L... � n.,,., „a. r,,. "' rAk .,.,, ,/,,✓ //./%r ,, , e.. ✓.,1 r rre ,, > ,,,/�� r ti .m ' w r ,,,;,,// /rk,�` ,d M;,,, ,m+ ,,, vrrr, ,��" ea^ v,f l/�o %1%✓,��� �'�",. 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Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 5 LiDAR Imagery GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25.2019 cF. m ,,,` ,,: rr � I ;ro.V r ^^�� ( i, 'j ':, �`•.,., �,...,� 7�� Yy�rr�r a ,J". 'i/ I� � i ,i,,, /S `'^,. `-•-,.-'-.....:.--,.,, ii ,,,,,", "'''•..-F`""`� "^s.»,,,„,...w H, nllf--� " .,,r.....,,ID rlf 0 ,�'' ;� `^•.`w..w ' u, ;! irii, ''—. ",, %,,, ,/r ¢ a .fY,N%-... 'p6Sp"' ^•"`',w, r/l r{/r' r�A' ,J y -. r ci w h a ,,,,; raW �,/ v // / k,,� ''✓ 'Ixm 6,� � r�ryPi��Ins, -.r5!!i �i. ,.. ,,,.. ,?,�, ,..-„,_ i, - - ri,.,;✓ a8,, i Ell 5 �`'�� �r� ;,�. r. // „, , / xmr .,.,,. ,, r✓'a„N �,. ,,, "„''�r'yJ�lllHf iYrrrN � ., ,..i»,,..,1" '�`"`,,.,,,.' 1, '*� .«.. yr :rFr o -lDlptt�s", � /,..�/i r/ % elf ,✓ .."� ��;�(»s+ G11/ ..;, �. ,ri, ,,,"„ ,, r,»,, 'N"`�'":.:N r ,n,. 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East Val l Workforce Housl ng Parc el ---- Approximate Landslide Extents 0 600 1200 A / study sections APPROXIMATE SCALEIN FEET Project No: 18105 ProjectName: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 6KYIII III Date: 01.25.2019 Slope Map and Landslide Extents GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING r f J 4.. Jar Ij� e i !u inl , r ffh III Vfi 1 ./ rr,;,., Jwraiy✓ n i � ,���/ N ,,��./r�i l' r, r�/„/�IW k�JdY /1,.% WUl �� VII � � ":r .ion :..i � ,, //lit /�;r /t�ii ,, �J �i //// %� „,% 1f ra <�OIW ��t'o,,,� r/�l i/ r 1 rm� , /ic�/f///� r • // ,,�,/ //„ /, �/ � .,, � � ✓, / .. 11// � 1, �" ";; � ,,, r..r /�, p„ r%/ �.ai///iii/,/,r,/ " hrrW✓ ,.,.. , /( %,���.p � J 1 r r� r. / r. G: //,,, /%1 ,r ",✓iia,//,�/i ,�,% r r" ram,;, / r,/, / z .,1/// ,/�� � „�i�/ //,� �a..//� ��/ „lip. ,,,,✓o- r i � ,,,/�/ a�, ��k r rr r" � �i/ / J�/ r/., �� r / / ✓i, r�' rc I ma L1 W 1 r' / rrrr� r// ✓ r � r / , �, / r ,, /. , / is, / / � /rrr,.. / r., ri r r rrr/, �, r / l _rr err r r / r/ / / .rri % � /i/ /.�/,,.� r, /,,,, r� � r �, ,,,,� ✓, r, r ,,: �/_. 1, ,,/ ,, r.. �� ,,. r,.... /r. �� l /ii,../i 1 ,,, r, r, ,r :: J r /,c.;✓ir r , r/ l „ ,✓ „ r r„ ../,/, ,�, v i /% ,i Basemap: LiDAR ground surface. Area 1-landslide headscar p,down-dropped,detachment area. N ______ East Vail Workforce Housing Parcel-part to be developed(+/-5.4 acres) Area 2-down-dropped area with irregular topography. Area 3-dislocated,semi-intact block that has moved downslope ---- Approximate Landslide Extents fromthe polnt of orlgln,hummocky and uneven 0 500 1000 Approximate Extents,published landslide deposit(Kellogg and others,2003) topography. Area 4-landslide flank,over-steepened slope. Areas- landslidetoe,over-steepened slope. APPROXIMATE SCALEIN FEET Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 7 S KY III Date: 01.31.2019 Landslide Map GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 9100 �` ,----Steep cliff face 9050 Minturn Formation, Robinson Limestone Member RockfaII source zone 4�y Cell 1 rp ✓ rirsrf�� �'���✓�l�✓" i�ei� 4 Jl"YoMf ?p�, 9000 2 Cell 3 8950 ° 8900 8850 ✓�/ ,,,i,,,,� , aoi,, �i,U ;. Cell 4 Jo /G r 8800 ' 'I�,f� „, '"�i �o'§✓ o '�/�%% i � ��%/v dip,, f � r✓/f'/s v i / �l//r i� // // ,� `,, 8750 � �� ✓, ; /ti � � / �, 8700 33" 8650 8600 Cell 5 8550 'rl�klral; ��II��,Ie ?( 3Gf'!3 215 Buried utility easement 8500 Property Line 2f { ELEV8 98 8450 Cell 6 'r e A ig e,. 2 Fall Line Drive 8400 '{ Cell 7 8350 Ski) e ���li.xl�., 11..+ 20 Cell 8 0 100 200 MENIn APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET Project No: 18105 , �III .. .....III III III':........., III':.......... Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 8 Study Section A GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25.2019 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 9100 Steep cliff face Minturn Formation, Robinson Limestone Member 9050 Rockfall source zone Cell 1 9000 2 �r 8950 !l�,�rb 8900 1, —8850 Cell 3 8800 AA vgm / / o / 8750 8700 8650 8600 fill 8550 2 Buried utility easement 8500 roperty Line ELEV8421 8450 Cell 4 Fall Line Drive 8350 Cell 5 '.x[�rpe Ariglie 0 L5 Cell 0 100 200 MENIn APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET Project No: 18105W III III Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 9 KY I..... III II U �': . �': . o 1...... N(.1"�': . Study Section B GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25.2019 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 9100 Cell 1 teep cliffface 9050 Minturn Formation, Robinson Limestone Member Rockfallsourcezone � $ a:t n 8950 y 1-8900 i � /udr a d � nl�� l➢J d �,, ��� 4"�� e fy�n r/ 8850 Cella c q / `�.��:; 8800 f, / —8750 8700 8650 8600 2 Property Line 8550 E L EV 8484 8500 Cell 4 Icir(r.,Arlf,lr ::. 20 0 i 8450 Fall Line Drive 14�... 8400 Cell 5 ............... Ici A A n 1 I, 20 Cell 6 8350 Ir,ir(r� ,FYI{;I(�'� 0 1 Cell 7 0 100 200 TEENT APPROXIMATE SCALEIN FEET Project No: 18105 ProjectName: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 10 L..... :: ::' Study Section C GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Date: 01.25.2019 Access and Existing ground surface accumulation area 3.0 Earthen berm approximate 1:1 slope 12.0 6.0 A. Earthen Berm 40.0 Access and Existing ground surface accumulation area 120 ....... ....................................... Rockfall wall 12.0 —6.0—I ................., B. Structural Wall 0 10 20 APPROXI MATE SCAL E I N FEET Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 11 S KY I..... N E G E . -III 1 N C E Date: 01.25.2019 Typical Sections - Rockfall Barriers GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING Illh°°°� IIII � �„ �„III Illl�iiu°�°iiu �„iii°iir' IIII�IIII�III lii � lii�iii°ii� Illll llh°ii�lii III lii �III I ��KY I I N��E G��E 0 S C I ��E N C��E GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING r ) r r ii d a r ) Subject: East Vail Parcel Geologic Hazard Analysis—R eviewof Updated Site Plan Date: May 24, 2019 To: Michael O'Connor,Triumph Development From:Julia Frazier,Skyline Geoscience Skyline Geoscience (Skyline) has reviewed the Grading and Drainage Plan (Plan) by Alpine Engineering, Inc. (Alpine)dated May 17,2019.This Plan is an update fromthe Preliminary Grading Plan by Alpine dated January 25, 2019.The Plan shows a 12-foot high earthen rockfall barrierwith a 1V:1H slope on either side of the crest,spanning a length of about 620 feet and located upslope fromthe proposed structures(Figure 1).The location of the berm on the east end of its length has been relocated upslope about 85 to 95 feet from the location previously analyzed for the Geologic Hazard Analysis (original report; February 12, 2019).The Plan also shows changes in the number and location of residential structures,and site grading and drainage. The Colorado R ockfallSimulation Program(CRSP) analysis for Study Section C has been updated to reflect the relocation of the barrier. Moving the barrier upslope is moving it closer to the rockf all source. The analysis point (AP) is associated with the location of the crest of the proposed barrier. Slope profile parameters were not changed from those stated in the original report Study Section C was analyzed: 1) in the natural, current condition without a barrier, and 2) with the barrier placed at the location shown on the Plan.The resultsforthe natural condition analysis are reportedin Table 1.The maximum estimated values and the 95% and 98% statistical cumulative probability values are reported for velocity, impact energy,and bounce height. Table 1. Rockf all Analysis Results Study Section C Rock Velocity(ft/sec) Kinetic Energy(kJ) Bounce Rock Size/Shape Weight Height(ft) (Ibs) max 98% 95% max 98% 95% max 8' spherical 44,234 25.3 21.7 19.7 730 500 450 1.7 10'spherical 86,394 36.8 28.3 25.7 3,000 1,700 1,500 3.5 10'x4'discoidal 51,836 37.1 26.4 24.1 2,100 980 860 3.2 SS=study section;kJ=kilojoules;AP=analysis point;Ibs=pounds;ft/sec=feet per second 0.:i.,VV:iYII,V';i]�.r.O.V,auO+,eJV,eJauYrvul:i'/.:iu�.11'�,i. ;iV,'^1.,Y., u�0s�'YO.`� �k1Ei;u'➢a:i'll0.➢a.,Yu03u'V„i.;r K����;c� ��$' '>I IL.II III E('.`1E0'>C I ENCE GE::C:)I...C: GIC AI...C:;C:)IN. IJI... FIING A 10-foot high barrier placed at the location shown on the Plan for Study Section C stopped all 10-foot spherical rocks in the CRSPmodel. Due to overtopping conditions that may occur and due to the size of boulders observed on the ground surface within the property limits, the recommended height of the rockfall barrieris 12 feet(as shown on Figure 1). Based on the results of the CRSPanalysis for a spherical, 10-foot diameter limestone rock, the barrier should be designed and constructed to withstand the maximum estimated impact energyof 3,000 kJ(about 2,200,OOOft-lbs),velocityof 36.8 ft/sec,and bounce height of 3.5 ft.These values have increased from those reported in the original reportfor Study Section C at the location of the proposed berm. R eferto the original report for other recommendations related to rockfall berm system and catchment area construction,maintenance and access. Skyline and Cesare, Inc. (Cesare) should be contacted for additional consultation and review if other rockfall barrier systems are considered or if changes are made to the Plan after the date of this memorandum. Slope stability was not included in the scope of this study. Skyline understands that a geotechnical investigation by Cesare is planned for the summer of 2019 and that slope stability and other geotechnical considerations will be addressed at that time by that firm. Thank you for the opportunity to provide this review and update to the geologic hazard analysis for the East Vail Parcel, Town of Vail, Colorado. Please contact Skyline if you have any questions or comments regarding the information provided in this memorandum. Sincerely, II IILJII II III G E "" IIII IIE IINGE Golden, Colorado www.skylinegeoscience.com Prepared By: Julia M. Frazier,P.G. I Owner rest of Rockfall Berm r �4 o ': ja �" ,��� ? r l /VRr H Y fll����i , , ara,d¢r�etl" �^:�f�'rt��:;a..9��,1o~�n'1�f�'�f��i^ •.w,,, � .� �, Map Source:Alpine Engineering(May 17,2019) 0 120 240 MENIn APPROXIMATE SCALE IN FEET N Project No: 18105 Project Name: East Vail Parcel FIGURE 1 S KY III Date: 05.23.2019 Proposed Development GEOLOGICAL CONSULTING IIII IIII IIII IIII IIII iiu° °iiu iii°iir IIII IIII III lii � iiiiii°ii IIII :Ilh ii iii IIII l SARh, INC. Geotechnicaa Engineers&Construction Materials Consultants ROCKFALL HAZARD STUDY East Vail Parcel Vail, Colorado ME r i Ih ' e 6 r ,1 Report Prepared for: Mr. Kevin Hopkins Vail Resorts Development Company PO Box 959 Avon,CO 81620 Project No. 17.5029 June 19, 2017 7108 South Alton Way,BuildingCentennial,Colorado 80112 www.cesareinc.com Phone - - Fax303-220-0442 ARE, C. Geetechnical Engineers&Construction Materials Consultants ROCKFALL HAZARD STUDY East Vail Parcel Vail, Colorado Report Prepared for: Mr. Kevin Hopkins Vail Resorts Development Company PO Box 959 Avon,CO 81620 Project No. 17.5029 June 19, 2017 Report Prepared by: . w Julia M. Frazier, P.G. Senior Geologist 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 i CESARE,INC. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 3 2. SCOPE OF WORK........................................................................................................................ 3 3. SITE CONDITIONS..................................................................................................................... 3 4. GEOLOGIC SETTING................................................................................................................ 11 4.1 REGIONAL GEOLOGY............................................................................................................... 11 4.2 SITE GEOLOGY........................................................................................................................ 12 4.2.1 ARTIFICIAL FILL(AF)....................................................................................................... 12 4.2.2 COLLUVIUM (QC)............................................................................................................. 12 4.2.3 LANDSLIDE DEPOSITS (QLS)............................................................................................. 12 4.2.4 PINEDALE TILL(QTP)....................................................................................................... 12 Robinson Limestone Member(Pmr)....................................................................................... 13 LowerMember(Pml)............................................................................................................ 13 S. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS............................................................................................................... 14 5.1 ROCKFALL............................................................................................................................... 16 5.2 LANDSLIDE ............................................................................................................................. 16 6. ROCKFALL ANALYSIS............................................................................................................... 18 6.1 ROCKFALL STUDY SECTION...................................................................................................... 18 6.2 ROCKFALL MODELING- CRSP ANALYSIS.................................................................................... 24 6.3 ROCKFALL ANALYSIS RESULTS ................................................................................................. 26 6.4 DISCUSSION OF ROCKFALL ANALYSIS RESULTS......................................................................... 26 7. LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING............................................................................................... 27 S. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................. 28 8.1 ROCKFALL CONSIDERATIONS................................................................................................... 28 8.1.1 PLACEMENT OF THE ROCKFALL CATCHMENT STRUCTURE................................................... 28 8.2 LANDSLIDE CONSIDERATIONS ................................................................................................. 29 8.3 DEBRIS FLOW CONSIDERATIONS.............................................................................................. 30 9. LIMITATIONS .......................................................................................................................... 30 TABLES AND DIAGRAMS DIAGRAM 1. Cross Section D-D................................................................................................... 14 TABLE 1.CRSP Simulation Parameters ....................................................................................... 25 TABLE2.Slope Profile Parameters.............................................................................................. 25 TABLE 3. Summary of Rockfall Analysis Results ......................................................................... 26 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 1 CESARE,INC. FIGURES SITE LOCATION MAP........................................................................................................ FIGURE 1 TOPOGRAPHIC MAP.......................................................................................................... FIGURE 2 OFFICIAL ROCKFALL HAZARD MAP,TOWN OF VAIL,COLORADO.................................... FIGURE 3 OFFICIAL DEBRIS FLOW HAZARD MAP,TOWN OF VAIL,COLORADO.............................. FIGURE 4 GEOLOGICMAP................................................................................................................. FIGURE 5 LEGEND FOR FIGURE 5 GEOLOGIC MAP........................................................................... FIGURE 6 LANDSLIDE EXTENTS MAP................................................................................................ FIGURE 7 STUDY SECTIONS MAP ..................................................................................................... FIGURES ROCKFALL STUDY SECTION.............................................................................................. FIGURE 9 LANDSLIDE STUDY SECTION.......................................................................................... FIGURE 10 SLOPEMAP..................................................................................................................... FIGURE 11 APPENDIX REFERENCES.................................................................................................................APPENDIX A ROCKFALL HAZARD ASSESSMENT AT BOOTH FALLS CONDOMINIUMS AND PROPOSED MITIGATION(COLORADO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY}......................................................APPENDIX B 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 2 CESARE,INC. 1. INTRODUCTION This report presents the results of a rockfall hazard study for an undeveloped lot located on the east side of Vail, Colorado and owned by the Vail Resorts Development Company (Vail Resorts). It is Cesare,Inc.'s(Cesare's) understanding that a preliminary rockfall hazard analysis is desired prior to potential development of the western portion of this site, along with other geologic hazards which may have a significant impact on the proposed development. The site is located directly north of the I-70 East Vail interchange. Geologic hazards, such as rockfall, debris flow, and avalanche are recognized by the Town of Vail and delineated in the project area. The rockfall hazard has been identified and addressed on the neighboring development to the west (Booth Falls Mountain Homes), with multiple existing catchment structures. 2. SCOPE OF WORK The scope of services for this rockfall hazard study generally included: 1. Review of available information,including published geologic maps, aerial photography, and readily available studies performed on nearby sites. 2. Site reconnaissance to verify geologic and geologic hazard conditions on and upslope from the subject site, with a focus on rockfall. This involved mapping the geology and geologic hazards by traversing the site on foot, and through photography and video of the site using an unmanned aircraft system(drone). 3. Modeling of the rockfall hazard potential using a critical cross section through the project site and input into the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program(CRSP). 4. Preparation of this report presenting our findings and preliminary recommendations relative to the rockfall hazards potentially impacting the site, including conceptual techniques that might be used to remediate and reduce the rockfall hazard. Also included in this report are applicable figures,tables,and cross sections. 3. SITE CONDITIONS The project site is located directly north of the I-70 East Vail interchange on the north side of Fall Line Drive (Figure 1). Pitkin Creek Townhomes (formerly named Falls at Vail) is located immediately adjacent to the site in the southeast corner,and Booth Falls Mountain Homes (Booth Falls) and Vail Mountain School are located on a neighboring property to the west-northwest. The site is rectangular in shape and is located in the southeast 1/4 of Section 2, Township 4 South, Range 80 West of the 6th Principal Meridian in Eagle County,Colorado. The approximate center of the property is situated at latitude 390 38'46" N and longitude -1060 18,25"W. Cesare performed site reconnaissance to characterize and map the geologic and geologic hazard conditions during May 2017. The site is currently undeveloped with a variably sloping ground surface ranging from about 7 to over 45 degrees(Figure 2). The elevation ranges from about 8375 feet in the west side of the site to about 8940 feet in the northeast corner,an elevation change of about 565 feet across the site. The site is bound by undeveloped National Forest Service land to the north, northwest, and east. Fall Line Drive and the I-70 Frontage Road bound the site along the southern edge. Pitkin Creek forms a deeply incised drainage immediately to the east of the eastern site boundary. Booth Creek, also deeply incised, is located about 3,200 feet to the northwest of the site. Gore Creek is located on the opposite side of I-70, about 580 feet to the 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 3 CESARE,INC. south at closest approach. A retaining wall borders the site along Fall Line Drive near the East Vail I-70 off ramp in the area of the shuttle stop. Design or construction details for this retaining wall were not available at the time of this study. Based on site observations, this retaining wall is constructed of wood cribbage, with gravel placed directly behind the wood facing. The wall appears to generally be in good condition, with one exception near the east end where the wall has bulged out. An unpaved, single track road traverses the site along the edge that borders Fall Line Drive and is barely visible in some historic aerial photographs. Multiple utility service manholes were observed along this single track road and the manhole covers are labeled with "electric utility". Vegetative cover at the site includes grasses,shrubs,and aspen trees.The western part of the site and the area upslope of the western part of the site are incised with a network of drainages which contained flowing water at the time of our site visits. This western area is generally more densely vegetated with low shrubs and aspen trees than other parts of the site and upslope areas. Refer to Photographs 1 through 8 for views of these onsite features. Photograph 1. View of the project site. Photograph taken from the eastbound lane of I-70 looking east across the site. The photograph shows the relatively steep slope of the site and the rock outcrops present upslope from the site. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 4 CESARE,INC. �,4'OJi/ ri I n; i r ri4r °�✓f. inrrrwn 4 mr�w rJ liri Ili l!�� Il yi��i r /li. , /�/% ! I 1 /!/�a v�7✓lJ�lfim 111yV�1r7.` �rr�a�'YirrN l��dlV��,I.IMI�fI� ���i +� ! I �ri1// r r' /il>7i�✓�//i�li ��' " n� �i r" I r Y I a+ifp�� I i d '� ✓ 1 N J�r����l/ �Diili ;;1� I I�.� �rp, I�I41,1 I' I r ewe 4 it V r s i mr ri � !t r F �n'/% 4 �F $�r!,�1m�,y�"'�;:m„'°,.'r' '" ✓ �"'��!f y�l ��) Photograph 2. View of retaining wall located along / /i�/ !rtt l/f i r I 4 °Jll� m ✓ edge of site that borders Fall Line Drive.Town of Vail shuttle stop is visible in the left side of the photograph. r it v v i r � Ir � mr�✓J N G �d�1 rl uH 4!,�m ; r r P ;� I /E I /✓.r rr// i���r d ✓���rI i d I v rrh��/�� �i/// ✓� p i4Vr'IiV)rr„ r r r � o✓ efr'�J�9,1�� by l dti�,Or,, � Photograph 3. View of distressed part of the retaining wall along the edge of the site that borders Fall Line Drive.The slope rises steeply upward to the north at the top of the wall. This photograph was taken near the east end of the wall. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 5 CESARE,INC. N � 4� O NL pl fo � � Q C fo N i a 01 O r 4� +� O 0 Q O 4� N V 4� r C i o 4' p N 3 U Ln p1 > O � � fo _0 fo N O U 4 O 'n O O 1 y N 0 cn fo N O i U i 4� U 4- co ro O %r fo w > O O fo i Cn U — U (o L +' p1 N N En p1 - N 4" O 4' o to N -a C miuu� N N O En i n [o N OL a-j _ 4-- 0 ,C co i i al cn 4" N 4- N al fo fo (n J N U ^ Y � N O U O > O v M io .� 4' En Q N / ao tCn g ro > 0 L > 4" 0 O O 4� OL O Q 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 6 CESARE,INC. r f f Photograph 5. View of limestone boulders which have come to rest near the base of the slope in the western part of the site. Boulders are about 3 to 4 feet in longest dimension, embedded in the soil, surrounded by mature vegetation,and show lichen on the surface. u TM� a r�I r F W i I Imp� f i vi rol i ( ..................�.,.,.,.,.,.,,.,.,� .,.,.,.,.,,,,. .,.,,,G,,,,i�a,,,,1.1,,,, /1��1>i?r�iFH,y,,,,,1)��➢i�f,,,.,.,o,�.,�o�.,.�.,.,.,.,.,..,.,�fi,.,,.,,. .,.,.,„.,.,a.,.,.,.,.,f2,.,.,;,D,,,3 Photograph 6. View of large sized limestone boulder located in the southern area of the site. Boulder measures about 21 feet long by 16 feet wide by 6 feet high. A survey marker has been placed on this boulder(Eagle County Survey Control,1998). 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 7 CESARE,INC. a r r t r' f t r Photograph 7. View of the western part of the site. Note the dense vegetative cover,flowing water,and exposed bedrock outcrops near the top of the slope. F 1p�;l r f Photograph S. View of flowing water in the western part of the site. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 8 CESARE,INC. Rock outcrops are present upslope from the site and are rockfall source zones which have the potential to impact the site and future planned development. Rockfall is a recognized hazard in the site area, as depicted on the "Official Rockfall Hazard Map" for the Town of Vail (Figure 3). A significantly sized rockfall catchment berm and basin, located about 1,300 feet to the northwest at closest approach, has been constructed to reduce the rockfall hazard above the Booth Falls development. It is Cesare's understanding that this consists of an earthen berm ranging in height from about 10 to 15 feet, and an upslope catchment area spanning about 20 feet where the natural slope has been laid back. An access road leading up to the catchment area begins at Fall Line Drive near the western point of the project site. Additional rockfall remediation structures are located upslope from Booth Falls Court and are visible in the aerial imagery. These rockfall remediation features are shown in Photographs 9 through 11. Debris flows are also a recognized geologic hazard for the area, as shown on the "Official Debris Flow Hazard Map" for the Town of Vail (Figure 4). As shown on Figure 4, the site is not within a debris flow hazard zone, although moderate and high hazard areas are delineated along Pitkin Creek to the east-southeast of the site. r 'n r r S � t, a � r Photograph 9. Google Earth image of Booth Falls Mountain Homes to the west of the project site. Examples of existing rockfall remediation structures are labeled. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 9 CsREJNC. « Z y� Photograph 10 View of me @I catchment berm and basin, up Qp from Booth Falls Mountain Homes. View looking wet toward Booth Creek. The berm is between 10 an 15feet high, and the ditch is about 20 retrmm crest o berm mbcbbp. e.503 be& Gae Study,East Vail Parcel yJme 10 CESARE,INC. r i U Y i mr r rri r ll J ///�Y�� r r N r r✓1rG �'(i IM l� 4 . w ✓rid � i, r d P hotograph 11. View of rockfall catchment berm and basin upslope from Booth Falls Subdivision. View looking east toward the project site. 4. GEOLOGIC SETTING 4.1 REGIONALGEOLOGY The site is included in the Southern Rocky Mountain physiographic province in an alpine setting with elevations ranging from 8000 to 9000 feet.The site is located along the western flank of the Gore Range, a northwest-southeast trending mountain range situated in north-central Colorado. The Gore Range is separated from the Front Range Mountains to the east by the Blue River Valley and Williams Range thrust zone. The core of the Gore Range is comprised of crystalline basement rock uplifted during the Laramide mountain building event (orogeny)about 70 to 50 million years ago (Ma). The Laramide orogeny also uplifted thick sequences of sedimentary units deposited during the occupation of an inland sea in parts of Colorado. The sedimentary units are comprised of shale, clay stone,siltstone,sandstone,conglomerate,and limestone. The Gore fault is located about 500 feet northeast of the site at closest approach and is not considered active (Figures 5 and 6). The Gore fault is characterized as a zone of high angle reverse faults. These faults have had at least five episodes of movement that span from Precambrian(older than 540 Ma) to late Oligocene and younger(about 28 Ma), although most of the displacement likely took place during the Laramide orogeny (Kellogg and others, 2011). A 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 11 CESARE,INC. gentle regional tilt of 5 to 15 degrees down to the south-southwest, characterizing the sedimentary bedrock in the site vicinity, is interrupted adjacent to the Gore fault. Beds of the Minturn Formation are steeply dipping and overturned where located close to the Gore fault, as is the case upslope and to the northeast of the site. 4.2 SITE GEOLOGY The site is underlain by surficial units comprised of artificial fill, colluvium, landslide deposits, and till of the Pinedale glaciation (Figure 5 Geologic Map). The bedrock underlying the site is mapped as Minturn Formation (Kellogg and others, 2003; Kellogg and others 2011). Artificial fill is associated with the construction of Fall Line Road along the southern border of the site and likely with the unpaved, single track road (with buried utilities) in the southwest part of the site. A wedge of colluvium is mapped mid-slope in the western half of the site, however,the colluvium was actually observed to completely cover the site and largely obscure bedrock outcrops. The eastern half of the site is predominantly landslide deposit and Pinedale Till underlies the southeastern corner of the site. Bedrock of the Minturn Formation underlies the surficial deposits at the site. Descriptions of these units are described below, from youngest to oldest. Refer to Diagram 1 for a geologic cross section near the site. 4.2.1 Artificial Fill (af) Artificial fill is associated with the ground modifications that have occurred within and adjacent to the site boundaries. Based on site observations, artificial fill is likely associated with the single track utility road in the southwestern part of the site, construction of Fall Line Drive, and construction of the shuttle stop and retaining wall in the southeast part of the site. 4.2.2 Colluvium (Qc) Colluvial deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene; 126,000 years ago to present)cover most of the slope in the site area based on site observations. Colluvium is characterized as unconsolidated, generally non-stratified deposits mantling slopes less than 50 degrees. Colluvial deposits are comprised of pebble, cobble, and boulder sized rock and fine grained material mixed together by downslope movement.Colluvium is typically less than about 30 to 45 feetthick. 4.2.3 Landslide Deposits (Qls) Landslide deposits (Holocene and upper Pleistocene; 126,000 years ago to present) underlie most of the eastern half of the site. Kellogg and others(2003) characterize these mapped deposits as a range of chaotically arranged debris to intact slump blocks of bedrock. The middle member of the Minturn formation (Pmm) is notably susceptible to landsliding, although slope failures can occur in most sedimentary units where over steepening of the ground surface has destabilized slopes. Largescale landslide deposits may be up to about 120 feet thick. 4.2.4 Pinedale Till (Qtp) Glacial till of Pinedale age (upper Pleistocene; 126,000 to 11,000 years ago) underlies the southeast corner of the site and also a majority of the slopes to the east-southeast, and the area upslope to the north of the site (in part). Pinedale Till is characterized as unsorted, unstratified, and boulder. It tends to form hummocky topography with common depressions and small ponds. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 12 CESARE,INC. Till deposits were observed upslope from the site and were bouldery (sedimentary and igneous composition)and poorly sorted.This unit has been mapped as high as 900 feet above the present elevation of Gore Creek, with thickness up to about 90 feet. 4.2.5 Minturn Formation The Minturn Formation (middle Pennsylvanian; 315 to 307 Ma) underlies the entire site and general vicinity.This unit is generally comprised of conglomerate,sandstone, siltstone,claystone, shale, and stratigraphically distinct layers of limestone and dolomite. The Minturn Formation is divided into multiple units, two of which directly underlie the site: Robinson Limestone Member(Pmr) Marine limestone and dolomitic limestone, gray to yellow gray, fine to medium grained, and locally contains fossils. Comprised of four separate sequences (each about 60 feet thick) of limestone interbedded with pinkish tan, light tan, cross bedded, mica rich sandstone and grayish pink sandy siltstone and shale. The sandstone, siltstone, and shale layers weather in rounded forms, and the limestone and dolomite beds weather in relatively angular forms. Outcrops of the Robinson Limestone member are visible in the steep cliffs northwest and are also exposed directly upslope from the site. One large boulder dislocated from upslope and came to rest near the base of the slope along Fall Line Drive is sandstone containing purple gray coral, possibly representative of a reef facies within the Robinson Limestone member. The Robinson Limestone member is about 360 feet thick north of Gore Creek. Lower Member(Pml) Conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, and shale, pinkish gray, gray brown, gray green, mottled maroon, and gray green. The Lower member may contain clasts of Proterozoic age granite (2,500 to 541 Ma). This unit is generally obscured by vegetation onsite and outcrops were not identified during our site visits. The Lower member of the Minturn Formation can be up to about 1,200 feet. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 13 CESARE,INC. DIAGRAM 1. Cross Section D-D' D D' rta-r TF 12 000 approAmate down lope approximate U)Sbpe 12 000 FIVO extent of site extent of site H 110t� G08E FAULT SYSTEM 1,000 olwq 9,00 UOU Alluvium(Noloce"e) Calluourn(Holocene and uppei Plewocene) Pinedale Till(upper Pleistocene) Qtb Bull Lake Till(middle Pleistocene) FPoui Maroon Formatkni(Lowor Purmian to Middlo Pennsylvanian) Ph prig- to inturii Fnnwoit on,undiffermul wed(MkIsl1v PVr111NY$Van61u) Jacque Mountabi Lint-stone Member Upper".- rich4one anti conglonxqate snember Whilk"Qoail Limu0mw Member middle nuklobur individual limestone bed -D' excerpted from the Geologic Cross section D m Limestone Member r RolrinsA limkimove be'd Map of the Vail East Quadrangle (Kellogg and Lower rnemlwr others, 2003). This cross section is located fiWividual linwstone bed immediately east of the project site and schematically depicts the surface and Croqs,Creek Granhe subsurface geologic conditions in the site area. S. GEOLOGIC HAZARDS The current study focused on the geologic hazard related specifically to slope stability, including rockfall and landslides in particular. Rockfall was analyzed using the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program (CRSP)for one study section located on the west side of the site where development is most likely (per client communication). The landslide hazard was characterized primarily through review of published maps and site reconnaissance to verify the nature, extents and evidence of recent movement. Debris flows are a significant potential hazard in the site vicinity, although debris flow susceptibility has not been determined for Vail or Summit County to date. The site is not included in the Official Debris Flow Hazard Map for the Town of Vail, although Pitkin Creek located near the southeast corner of the site is considered to have moderate to high hazard potential. One debris flow located on the east-facing slope of Booth Creek(about 3,700 feet from the western site boundary)and visible from the site is shown in Photograph 12. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 14 CESARE,INC. i a'n Photograph 12. View looking west toward Booth Creek. The project site is located beyond the trees in the right side of the photograph.Features are labeled. Debris flows and rockfalls have damaged buildings in the Gore Creek area since development increased in the 1960's. Debris flows can be triggered by intense summer rainstorms or rapid melting of deep snowpack. Debris flows generally form on fan deposits, such as those composed of glacial till. Freeze-thaw cycles in the spring tend to pry rocks loose, resulting in rockfalls of varying magnitude and runout distance. The rockfall hazard is also related to a combination of weak shale beds between harder sandstone and limestone beds,joints, and a regional bedrock dip toward the valley. Large boulders from cliffs comprised of the Robinson Limestone member of the Minturn Formation fell and damaged several residences in the Booth Falls subdivision in the 1980's. As a result, the homeowners and Town of Vail created a Geologic Hazards Abatement District (GHAD) which aided in construction of a rockfall catchment ditch and berm that has generally proven to be an effective protection measure(shown in Photographs 9 through 12). The exception would include the event in 1997 when a large scale rockfall skirted around the western end of the catchment structure, rolling downslope, and damaging structures below. This event resulted in the construction of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls to add protection for the downslope condominiums (some of which were not included in the original GHAD). A report issued by the Colorado Geological Survey(CGS; undated) summarizes the event: 'A t I I.20 p,m., a ledge of Minturn Formationlime5tone at the highest exposed outcrop of the upper cliff justbelowthe exposure ofglacialtill,failedsimilarlyto that shown in Figure 3 of Appendix A. The ledge dimensions that detached and toppledis roughly 20'x 8'x 8:As it fell,it impactedand broke additional rock blocks from outcrops below. Therock massbroke apartas it tumbleddo wnthe cliff. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel 06.19.17 15 CESARE,INC. As it fell down the slope, the rock fragments random/y fanned out such that the pathof the rockfall formed a 5wathmorethan500feetacro55wheretheycameto rest[..] Approwmately one thirdoftheswathofrollingrocks wereretainedby the ditchand berm.[..]The remaining two-thirds of the e vent came to rest,scattered around thecondominiun25 " 5.1 ROCKFALL Rockfall is a potential hazard for the site and poses a risk to the property. Rockfall is the fastest category of slope movement and is common in mountainous terrain near cliffs of broken,jointed, or faulted rock,on steep slopes comprised of rocky material, or where cliff ledges are undercut by erosion or human activity. Stability of a rock mass is generally influenced by the underlying support provided to that rock mass and the structural nature of the rock,including the orientation and spacing of discontinuities. After a rock dislocates from a rock mass, the controlling factors for how far that rock will travel downslope include characteristics of the falling rock(composition,size, and shape), characteristics of the slope (form, length, and angle), the presence or absence of obstructions on the slope, and the height of the initial fall. The rocks exposed upslope from the project site are comprised of the Robinson Limestone member of the Minturn Formation.The rock exposures contain fractures and thin layers of siltstone and shale. As time passes, cracks can be enlarged by weathering of the rock, accumulation of soil or vegetation growth, and the forces associated with freezing-thawing of moisture within the cracks. 5.2 LANDSLIDE Landslide deposits in the area occur on unstable slopes typically underlain by Minturn Formation shale, siltstone,claystone,or glacial till, and are largely considered inactive. The extents of a large landslide onsite were mapped during field visits, and the published boundaries were verified and refined using available light detection and ranging data (LiDAR). Refer to Figure 7 for the approximate landslide extents mapped for this study. Geomorphic features across the landslide have been masked by heavy vegetative cover, and obscured and smoothed by natural processes. The block sliding mechanism responsible for parts of the landslide mass enable large, relatively intact bedrock masses to slide downslope. These masses may appear to be in-place, when in fact they have moved downslope from their original position. Based on the high level of detail offered by the LiDAR view, Cesare has confidence in the mapped extents of the landslide as depicted in Figure 7. The toe of the mapped landslide deposit is abruptly cut off by Fall Line Drive. The downslope extents and western flank of the landslide are steep and form a recognizable break in slope shown on the topographic map (Figure 2) and on the LiDAR (Figure 7). Photograph 13 is a view of the landslide toe and western flank, looking eastward. The retaining wall built near the Town of Vail shuttle stop is about 10 feet high and the slope above the top of wall is relatively steep (30 degrees or greater). According to Kellogg and others (2011), a large landslide was activated on the north side of I-70 due to undercutting from highway construction. The landslide is located about 1.5 miles west of the project site on I-70, involves the Minturn Formation (same unit that 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 16 CESARE,INC. underlies the subject site), and is failing by combination of shallow earth sliding and deep rotational movement. 6 II I1 Y i j I JI u my �Y f P hotograph 13. View looking eastward from the western flank of the landslide toe. The ground surface is relatively steep along the toe and flanks of the slide mass,visible in the photograph. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 17 CESARE,INC. 6. ROCKFALL ANALYSIS 6.1 ROCKFALL STUDY SECTION Cesare analyzed one rockfall study section through the west part of the site (Figure 8). The location of this rockfall study section is representative of the slope on the west side and passes through the area of the project site most likely to be developed in the future. The rockfall study section is considered a reasonable representation of the slope in the western part of the site. The section profile was derived from topographic maps available through the USGS, the Town of Vail, and a topographic map for a portion of the western part of the site provided by the client. The rockfall study section is depicted on Figure 9 and shown in Photographs 14 and 15. Photograph 14. View looking upslope along the rockfall study section. Notable features include the limestone bedrock exposures visible at the top of the slope and the dense vegetation on the slope. The limestone bedrockforming the cliffs at the top of the slope are considered the primary rockfall source zone. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 18 CESARE,INC. t a , . uuu�omm "r� rrv�rrr „. Pt° n f y, Photograph 15. View looking downslope along the rockfall study section. Notable features include the rock exposures visible at the top of the slope,the steepness of the slope, and the density of the vegetation.Fall Line Drive,I-70, and East Vail are visible in the background. The rockfall study section begins upslope above the primary rockfall source area exposed in the cliff comprised of Robinson Limestone and extends southward to Fall Line Drive, with a total elevation change of about 760 feet over a profile length of 1,530 feet.The analysis for the rockfall study section assumes the rockfall source zone is located in the exposed cliff face upslope from the site at an elevation of about 9040 to 9080 feet. Photographs 16 through 18 show the limestone bedrock exposed in the cliff face upslope from the site. Bedrock exposures (potential rockfall source zones) were not observed further upslope from this area, although the glacial till deposits above the primary rockfall source zone may be eroding and contributing to the rockfall hazard. The slope above the western part of the project site is incised with active drainages and covered in aspen trees,tall shrubs,and scattered boulders and outcrops. Rocks deposited along the rockfall study section slope are primarily blocky to slab shaped, and comprised of gray limestone interbedded with thin layers of sandstone, siltstone, and shale. Boulders comprised of sandstone were also observed.The rockfall study section appears to be an area of more recent rockfall events,compared to other areas of the site. A number of rocks in the rockfall study section area display a comparatively "fresh" appearance, relative lack of lichen or vegetative overgrowth, and some with minimal soil embedment. For other parts of the slope, a majority of the boulders are more deeply embedded in the soil and overgrown with lichen and vegetation (indicating much older rockfall events). Refer to Photographs 19 through 23 for examples of boulders observed on the ground surface in the area of the rockfall study section. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 19 CESARE,INC. !wV r I r' i f, Photograph 16. View of limestone bedrock exposure at the primary rockfall source zone. Note the eroding shale partings and vertical fractures (spaced about 10 to 15 feet apart). r W d Photograph 17. Close-up view of . primary rockfall source zone bedrock.Gray,hard i limestone interbedded with thin, weak shale , layers. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 20 CsREJNC. n _ § \ § 2 \ 2 'fo ) \ \ 3 ¥ 0 § . Eno « \ E \ \y\ « ) e «\y y \\ «va y e + \ ,/ 0- 4- 2 : OL § / / \ , 3Cn m e : \ y. 2 2 0 « « OL fok } / q 7 \ 0 2 7 0 , fo < . + s o & «, / 2 /« \d = 2 ~� . ^ • 4� 7, « o = \ J / u ,g _r k fo k ® \ fo > ) § \ / ® 0 ~ � o \ / L % / \ / ! < t ± \ , : m \\ \\\ � s / / \ M � y � 2 » 2 / 3 2 § \ e.503 be& Hazard Study, a Vail Parcel yJm 2 21 CESARE,INC. I I Photograph 19. View of limestone boulder,embedded. Blocky, angular, rr � and about 3 feet in diameter. Boulders like this one are common on the property and are either embedded in the soil (older,ancient rockfall events) or are sitting on top of the soil with minimal soil embedment or vegetation overgrowth. Photograph 20. Limestone boulder, embedded, lichen growth.Blocky, angular, and about 4 foot by 3 foot by 2 foot. r j r Photograph 21. Limestone boulder, minimal soil embedment.Blocky, is i 4 angular, and about 3 feet in diameter. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 22 CESARE,INC. in Sri �/ °� w I'�`«''%cn a wr w„ ;:, r ,�,, N � � � re^w➢ � ; , ' 4bml i � uu Photograph 22. View of large, angular, slab shaped boulders near the base of the slope within the area most likely to be developed in the future.Boulder sizes were observed to be at least(1) 12 foot by 8 foot by 5 foot,(2) 7 foot by 7 foot by 3 foot,and (3) 21 foot by 12 foot by 9 foot.These boulders are embedded in the soil and have been resting here for sometime. sae may/ i? i i ,.�rr. a �,I!d i�u rn'�/!✓1 i,(lei;al��P��, �r� �� ;, G��„�iiV�,�'(!U�"�� ,I o- .i ,. Photograph 23. Aerial view of lower slope in western part of the site. North is toward the top of the photograph. Notice scattered boulders as large as about 7 to 8 feet in longest dimension and slab shaped. Most boulders are 3 feet or less in dimension and are embedded in the soil, representing older, ancient rockfall events. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 23 CESARE,INC. 6.2 ROCKFALL MODELING- CRSP ANALYSIS Factors which influence the runout distance, mode of travel,speed, and energy of a rock traveling downslope include: • Type,size, and shape of the rock. • Type,length, height, and angle(s) of the slope. • Potential launch points along the slope. • Presence of obstructions on the slope(including trees,shrubs,and existing boulders). • Height of the initial fall. Based on site observations, the typesof rocks traveling down the slope are comprised primarily of blocky to slab like limestone. Rocks are also comprised of sandstone to pebble conglomerate and a minor percentage of small, granite boulders (derived from the glacial till capping the slopes above the cliff-face rockfall source zone). Sizes generally range from about 2 to 6 feet in diameter, but can be as large as 20 to 30 feet in longest dimension. The larger dimension rocks are slab shaped, irregular, with angular corners. The falling mechanism for the slab shaped rocks would be primarily sliding after detachment from the source rock,although these rocks may roll downslope end-over-end along the shorter dimension. Based on our experience with similar conditions, site observations, and on opinions presented by the CGS for the rockfall hazard at Booth Falls to the west of the project site, the limestone rocks falling from the cliff source zone tend to break apart during their descent downslope. Cesare opines that some of the larger blocks on the scale of 20 to 30 feet in diameter may have been entrained in block slide movement of the landslide complex onsite. CRSP requires that the section analyzed be divided into regions (cells) based on areas with uniform slope and characteristics. Cell boundaries are determined based on characteristics, such as slope angle, material comprising the slope, and the presence of obstructions. Surface roughness was estimated with consideration for the size of the rock and the irregularity of the slope surface. The surface roughness (S) is defined as the perpendicular variation of the slope within a slope distance equal to the radius of the rock.This value varied based on rock size analyzed. Based on site observations and available topographic maps, there are no significant launch points below the rockfall source zone along the section. The tangential coefficient of frictional resistance (Rt) for the rock is the component of velocity parallel to the slope, which is slowed during impact. The tangential coefficient was chosen with consideration for the material which comprised the slope, as well as the amount of vegetation characteristic in each cell. Vegetation would tend to increase the frictional resistance in the direction parallel to the slope, thus decreasing the tangential coefficient. The normal coefficient of restitution (Rn) considers the change in velocity of the falling rock normal to the slope after impact, compared to the normal velocity before impact. For both the Rt and Rn coefficients for each cell, Cesare referred to the CRSP manual which provides ranges of suggested values based on different material types. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 24 CESARE,INC. Cesare calibrated the model using the current conditions of the slope (no rockfall barrier, native condition) and using rock sizes and shapes based on site observations. Simulation and slope profile parameters are listed in Tables 1 and 2, respectively. TABLE 1. CRSP Simulation Parameters Parameter Study Section A Length of section analyzed(ft) 1,530 Elevation difference across section(ft) 760 Total number of cells 6 Analysis Point 1 (x-coordinate) 1,000 Analysis Point 2 (x-coordinate) 1,200 Top starting zone (y-coordinate) 9,080 Base starting Zone (y-coordinate) 9,040 Number of rocks simulated 500 Starting velocity(x) 1 ft/sec Starting velocity(y) -1 ft/sec Material density of modeled rock 160 Ib/fe Rock shape Spherical Rock dimension (diameter) 10 Starting cell number 2 Ending cell number 6 TABLE 2. Slope Profile Parameters Approx Cell Begin Rt Rn Slope Description of Slope Geologic Unit (x,y) Angle (0) 1 0,9140 0.65 0.15 35 Vegetated slope above rockfall Glacial till (Pinedale). source zone. 2 100,9080 0.85 0.20 Near Cliff face,rockfall source zone, Robinson Limestone member vertical approximately 30 to 40 feet high. of the Minturn Fm. Vegetated slope below rockfall Colluvium overlying 3 110,9040 0.70 0.15 30 source zone, runout accumulation Robinson Limestone/Lower zone. members of the Minturn Fm. 4 930,8540 0.60 0.15 20 Vegetated slope,accumulation Colluvium overlying Lower zone. member of Minturn Fm. 5 1180,8438 0.60 0.15 8 to 16 Vegetated slope,accumulation Colluvium overlying Lower zone. member of Minturn Fm. Paved Fall Line Drive,asphalt paved 6 1411,8382 0.90 0.60 roadway roadway. Not applicable. flat Rt:Tangential coefficient Rn: Normal coefficient Surface roughness varied based on rock size analyzed. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 25 CESARE,INC. 6.3 ROCKFALL ANALYSIS RESULTS The results of the analysis using the current condition of the slope are summarized in Table 3. Reported are results for common rock sizes observed at the site (3 feet diameter) and an estimated maximum case (10 feet diameter). Although boulders as long as 30 feet in longest dimension were observed embedded near the base area of the slope, these are considered more likely to have been placed during block sliding of the landslide mass. The rocks were modeled as spherical in order to represent the worst case scenario. Rocks which are spherical will tend to have longer runout distances and higher velocities and kinetic energies associated with them. Elongate, angular rocks will tend to lose momentum sooner than a rounded rock as they travel downslope. Analysis Point 1 was placed about 200 feet upslope from the property boundary and Analysis Point 2 was placed right at the upslope property boundary. Based on observed runout and accumulation zones and calibration analysis results, it is Cesare's opinion that the input values listed in Tables 1 and 2 adequately model the slope in question. Rockfall analysis results are listed in Table 3. TABLE 3. Summary of Rockfall Analysis Results Number Velocity Bounce Kinetic Energy Kinetic Energy of Rocks (ft/sec) —He i ht (ft) (ft-lb) (kilojoules) Passing AP Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Rock Shape = spherical;Rock Size = 3 ft(2,262 pounds), API 492 37.6 19.2 4.3 0.7 65,545 18,906 90 26 AP2 21 16.9 8.0 0.3 0.1 13,957 3,649 19 5 Rock Shape = spherical;Rock Size = 10 ft(86,394 pounds) API 499 52.9 35.7 3.9 1.1 4,570,623 2,240,805 6,197 3,038 AP2 497 33.2 20.8 2.7 0.7 1,846,786 800,467 2,504 1,085 Rock Shape = discoidal; Rock Size = 12 ft diameter by 5 ft thick(90,478 pounds) API 499 46.7 37.6 3.4 1.0 4,112,846 2,861,685 5,588 3,880 AP2 499 33.8 24.7 2.6 0.8 2,243,475 1,270,950 3,042 1,723 AP= analysispoint ft/sec=feet per second ft-lb=foot-pounds 6.4 DISCUSSION OF ROCKFALL ANALYSIS RESULTS The CRSP analysis results show that a 10 foot diameter, spherical limestone boulder rolling downslope along the rockfall study section from a source zone between 9040 and 9080 feet elevation will have an estimated maximum kinetic energy of 1,846,786 foot-pounds (ft-lb), an equivalent of about 2,500 kilojoules, at the upslope property boundary. The slope gradually 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 26 CESARE,INC. decreases between Analysis Point 1 and 2, resulting in a decrease in kinetic energy of a rolling rock between these points. The area of Cell Number 4 along the profile is a zonal transition from rockfall runout in Cell 3 to rockfall accumulation in Cell 5. For comparison,the worst case scenario considered in the CRSP analysis performed by the CGS for Booth Falls was a spherical boulder 7 feet in diameter with an impact force of 5,000,000 ft-lb (about 6,800 kilojoules). This estimated energy is extreme when considering rockfall fences (flexible mesh barriers)currently on the market are rated for impacts up to a maximum of 8,000 kilojoules. The ground surface in the area of the slope analyzed at Booth Falls is generally steeper and vegetatively bare compared to the section analyzed for this study. CGS recommended the design height for the proposed rockfall mitigation structure be at least 12 feet, if placed at the analysis point located 30 feet upslope from the existing condominiums. An added option to mitigate for smaller rock fragments which tend to break from larger rockfalls, included adding a fence to the top of the berm or wall to be constructed. Cesare understands that for Booth Falls, a pair of soil walls reinforced with geotextiles and sized 8 feet high by 10 feet thick and 12 feet high and 12 feet thick were constructed after the 1997 rockfall event. The nature of the ground surface at the project site acts to dissipate rockfall energies compared to the slope above Booth Falls. The ground surface on the west side of the site is comparatively less steep, heavily vegetated with aspen trees and large shrubs, dotted with scattered, embedded boulders, with incised drainages that act to channel and slow rockfalls. Vegetation, incised drainages, and embedded boulders act to increase surface roughness of the slope, creating obstacles which decrease rockfall energies. Comparison of the ground surface characteristics and the CRSP results for both the project site and the neighboring Booth Falls indicates the rockfall hazard is higher for the Booth Falls area than for the project site. 7. LANDSLIDE HAZARD MAPPING The extents of a large landslide complex were mapped on the east side of the site (Figure 7). A landslide study section passes through the middle of the landslide, location shown on Figure 8 and profile shown on Figure 10. The landslide study section begins upslope above an exposed outcrop comprised of Robinson Limestone at about 8900 to 8920 feet elevation and extends southward to Fall Line Drive,with a total elevation change of about 588 over a profile length of 1,220 feet.The elevation of the Robinson Limestone bedrock exposure can be correlated to the rock exposures to the west which are the primary rockfall source zone for the Booth Falls subdivision, although the outcrop on the subject site is not as pronounced or as exposed as areas to the west. Based on the landslide morphology visible in the LiDAR image, this bedrock exposure at about elevation 8900 likely slid down from a higher elevation upslope. The LiDAR bare earth surface and the landslide study section both display a benched and hummocky pattern characteristic of landslide terrain.The flatter parts of the benched areas range from about 15 to 20 degrees, while the toe areas of the benches range from about 30 to 40 degrees. A slope map is shown on Figure 11 and depicts the range of slope angles across the site and surrounding area. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 27 CESARE,INC. Cesare understands that the Pitkin Creek townhome development located southeast of the site and also at the toe of the mapped landslide extents has not reinforced the slope above the residences. It was beyondthe scope of this study to research potential landslide movement causing distressto the Pitkin Creek development townhomes, and at this time Cesare is not aware of landslide movement or related structural distress in the southeast area of the site. Chen and Associates, Inc. (Chen) issued a soil and foundation investigation report for the proposed Pitkin Creek Townhomes (dated September 20, 1978) which included subsurface exploration using test pits to a maximum depth of 10 feet. The soils encountered were described as 1 to 3 feet of topsoil over dense, sandy gravel, with cobbles and boulders to the maximum depth explored. Groundwater was not encountered in the test pits. The Chen report mentions how the slope of the site rises steeply to the north and that several large boulders were observed on the ground surface, but does not discuss landslide or rockfall hazard or potential. S. CONCLUSIONSAND RECOMMENDATIONS This report presents findings of a geologic hazard study specifically focused on rockfall. During the course of the study,a significant landslide hazard was identified and is discussed in this report. 8.1 ROCKFALL CONSIDERATIONS Based on the CRSP analysis results and existing rockfall mitigation structures on the neighboring site to the west,a rockfall barrier or wall at least 12 feet in height is recommended. Based on site conditions, including such aspects as slope angle and property boundaries, a rigid wall would be more ideal than a flexible fence or berm/basin. The flexible fence system would require a downslope bufferzone for flexure during rockfall events.A berm and basin systemwould require a significantly sized footprint on the slope, something this project site does not necessarily have flexibility towards. Cesare's CRSP model represents an estimate of rockfall energies at the analysis point placed at the upslope property boundary along the section line and is not representative of other locations on the slope. Changing the placement of the rockfall barrier will require changing the location of the analysis point. Rockfall energies were modeled to be significantly higher at Analysis Point 1 located 200 feet upslope from the property. A catchment zone large enough for accumulation of boulders and for equipment to access the area behind the barrier will be necessary, a width of at least 10 or more feet. It is the responsibility of the wall designer to provide criteria for a wall that will withstand impacts with the sizes and energies predicted by the CRSP analysis,and one which will allow for successful implementation of recommended maintenance requirements. For rigid rockfall walls similar to those constructed at the Booth Falls site, the height to width ratio is typicallya 1:1 relationship.The rockfall catchment will be reducing the rockfall hazard for a potential residential development and should be designed with consideration for the nature of the structures (full-time occupancy). 8.1.1 Placement of the Rockfall Catchment Structure Factors which influence the placement of the catchment structure include the rockfall energies, sizes, shapes, and bounce heights estimated in the CRSP model for that analysis point on the slope. Other considerations include site topography,site boundaries, and the spatial footprint of the proposed rockfall catchment structure. The mitigation structure must provide an adequately 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 28 CESARE,INC. sized catchment zone behind the wall and a buffer zone in front of the wall. The catchment zone behind the wall must be sized to allow for accumulation of large boulders on the scale of 10 feet in diameter, as well as access for equipment to remove accumulated debris from behind the wall. Design considerations should include access for excavation equipment and adequate surface drainage. Based on topography,the west side of the property provides adequate access for a track mounted vehicle from Fall Line Drive and possibly a rubber tire vehicle (although access depends on actual site development/grading plans, not available at the time of this study). An adequately sized buffer zone in front of the wall is necessary in order to allow for a certain amount of potential outward deflection in the event of an impact. The amount of deflection depends on the ty pe of wall to be constructed. The downslope buffer zone must be designed and maintained as an open, empty space. The type of catchment structure has not been decided, and may vary from a flexible barrier to a more rigid design, so it is important that this buffer zone is a consideration during design stages. A flexible catchment fence will require more consideration of outward deformation than a rigid wall, and will require a conservatively sized buffer zone. The intent of flexible barriers is to slow the velocity and decrease the energy of the falling rock, not necessarily to stop it completely. Rigid barriers have the limitation of being prone to damage during high energy events, but this is generally the case with most constructed rockfall barriers. The barrier should be designed to withstand the types of energies predicted by CRSP analysis results described in this report. The catchment structure will require periodic and routine cleaning of the accumulation areas to remove debris. The rockfall remediation should be designed, constructed, and maintained to ensure hazards impacting adjacent or downslope properties are not aggravated. In its current condition, the western half of the site is impacted by rockfall consisting of boulders the size of 10 feet or more. These boulders have historically rolled and slid down the slope from the steep cliff faces exposed upslope from the site. The vegetative cover on the slope above the project site acts to slow rockfall events in its current condition. If this vegetative cover were to be removed for some reason (e.g. clear cutting, wildfire), these obstacles would be removed and the rockfall hazard would increase. 8.2 LANDSLIDE CONSIDERATIONS Cesare did not observe evidence of recent landslide movement at the project site. The retaining wall for the Town of Vail shuttle stop which is located at the toe of the landslide, appears to be performing adequately. The landslide area displays benched and hummocky topography with over- steepened toe and flank areas, however,fresh landslide features, such as tension cracks,scarps, slumps, and other features, were not observed. Figure 7 shows the bare earth land surface and provides a convincing depiction of the landslide extents. Cesare is not aware of landslide movement causing distress to the townhomes in the Pitkin Creek subdivision notched into the toe near the southeast corner of the site. Based on the lack of evidence of recent landslide movement as observed onsite and through aerial photographs and LiDAR imagery, Cesare does not recommend monitoring of the landslide at this time. Slope stability should be a primary consideration if ground modifications and development 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 29 CESARE,INC. are planned in or near the landslide mass. The landslide has the potential to destabilize if the ground is disturbed or modified in adverse ways. Slope stability of the over-steepened toe and flank areas, as well as large-scale global stability should be considered. In addition, the bedrock is dipping gently out-of-slope, exacerbating the slope instability issue. 8.3 DEBRIS FLOW CONSIDERATIONS Although the site is not within the limits of the Town of Vail Debris Flow Hazard zone, there exists the potential for debris flows at the site. Material and debris which could mobilized in a debris flow event cover the slopes at and above the site, including glacial till capping the ridge above, and rock talus and colluvium on the slope above the site. Incised drainages actively flowing with water are present on the west side of the site, and ground surface patterns visible in the LiDAR imagery suggest erosive processes are underway in this area. A significant precipitation event has the potential to trigger or increase the probability of a debris flow event, additionally, ground modifications may alter or increase this debris flow hazard in some areas. Cesare recommends the debris flow hazard potential be considered in future development stages. 9. LIMITATIONS This report has been prepared for the exclusive use of our client for specific application to the project discussed and has been prepared in accordance with generally accepted geologic and geotechnical engineering practices. No warranties, either expressed or implied, are intended or made. In the event that changes in the nature, design, or location of the project as outlined in this report are planned, the conclusions and recommendations contained in this report shall not be considered valid unless Cesare reviews the changes and either verifies or modifies the conclusions of this reportin writing. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel06.19.17 30 s y a w h i y s 0 u U i a` y W s s oUi a d U e F 3 /7 Q ra rl � W C: raO r� IW U ew hq J �wr 'n i u U d LL > n ra W m W � W -p 2 W � U oC N ra O w Lr) U ,—I OC OC O W O LEGEND: z z w SITE BOUNDARY m Q z 0 2000' 4000' w a BACKGROUND IMAGE FROM GOOGLE EARTH 1"=2000' a 8960 91) r j ............... 9 .......... ......... ................... 241 ......... .. ........... .... ....... .......... ............. .......... .......... .......... .......... .. ..... ......... 7 .... ................. "::........... ......... ............ fu .. ...... ... .......... 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Length of Prof He Line(ft) U; Landslide Study Section 9300 9200 M 91..00 9000 ' Rock Outcrop Study Area Boundary 0 U (�=29° � O 8900 Uy Ed °_. (�=38'° Bench •q...A wwwqu..uwrmiiii Ln 8800 (�=17°w ra Uj a�ee Bench 3100 ' �=20� u L d LL 8600 Fall Line Dr, LU Study Area Boundary E Uj (�=27° 8�i�l0 � U Toe rn = eo� � C) U� 4 (D 3gJ�l =37° n u Q '� ' Q 8300 Uj LU rn rn QID 0 1.00 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1.000 11 00 1200 1300 Length of IProfilelLine(ft) - IN Al," %M, N N% A"; �"P I's '20 A 'o� A "s % S, 4, 241 t ...... 4 f5" F 0 m Wx j N!, f,X Tm'" Af, A It"'; 101,1*11/ 7711". ji'l s6, F 7 A A % IV% "AP, X OW j Al kq, 4 R *0 Nj% s R/ F. X cl Ilk, fu 0", LU 19 IN a) Al M/P 0 L6 u7 W/1 IP" �M§F' '71 'Zg R ........... % 'J, "A" TP, 4wjl� ®R U IV, '-'l'/ �f LL .............I No,%" > Ln LU N _0 LU �q -ss/ le Ln LU Z,71A4441 LEGEND gg/ Y&/�dl 11, 1 ] , AMP Site Boundary CD U Slope Angle -9VI "7 1 7 W/ 0- 5 "/"/........... A M6, 6- 10 L-�,j I 1� -20 k, < z z >- LU - 30 m 2 1 IN 0 2 5 0 0 75 31 -40 , 0 - 1 0 LU LU -'s N FM 41 - 96 CL L SARE, INC. Geotechnical Engineers&Construction Materials Consultants APPENDIX A Documents and Drawings Reviewed References CESARE,INC. DOCUMENTS REVIEWED DOC1. Chen and Associates, Inc., Soil and Foundation Investigation for Proposed Pitkin Creek Townhouses Near Interstate Highway 70, East Vail, Eagle County, Colorado, Project No. 17,046, dated September 20, 1978. DOC2. Chen and Associates, Inc., Geologic Hazards Reconnaissance, Lot 11, Block 1, Vail Village 12th Filing, Vail, Colorado, Project No. 25,474, dated January 26, 1983. DOC3. Colorado Geological Survey, Rockfall Hazard Assessment at Booth Falls Condominiums, and Proposed Mitigation, prepared for the Town of Vail, Colorado, undated. DOC4. Nicolas Lampiris, letter re: Unit #13, Pitkin Creek Townhomes, prepared for Nedbo Construction Company,dated September 12, 1987. DRAWINGS REVIEWED DWG1. Topographic Map of a Portion of the South 1/2 of the Southeast 1/4 of Section 2, Township 5 South, Range 80 West, Town of Vail, Eagle County, Colorado, prepared by Peak Land Consultants,Inc., dated January 10, 2017. REFERENCES REF1. Kellogg, K.S., Bryant,B., Redsteer, M.H., 2003, Geologic Map of the Vail East Quadrangle, Eagle County,Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map MF-2375, Version 1.1. REF2. Kellogg, K.S., Shroba, R.R., Premo, W.R., Bryant,B., 2011, Geologic Map of the Eastern Half of Vail 30' x 60' Quadrangle, Eagle, Summit, and Grand Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3170. 17.5029 Rockfall Hazard Study,East Vail Parcel Documents and Drawings Reviewed,References,Appendix A 1 SARE, INC. Geotechnical Engineers&Construction Materials Consultants APPENDIX B Rockfall Hazard Assessment at Booth Falls Condominiums and Proposed Mitigation (Colorado Geological Survey) ............ ........... ............ ............ ........... .............. 7............. ............""I,""' ............ Al we /on-0/0 ..... .. .. . ... ... it .......... /ga ......... /# p . ... ... . .... /'�'/'rNEFF /0 ...... ... ... ........ ----—--- /M ..... ... ...... :1".......... ............ '7� '000, ..... ........ ........... ............ ............... ... ....... ................. iin� t............... ',/ow ------ ................ ........... ........... '% f",/','A OUT ...... ........ ............. .......... sit ............. .............. ............. I ............. . ..... .......... Ad' ON. I'A Booth Creek Rockfall Report,Page i r CONTENTS Page rIntroduction 2 March 26, 1997 Rockfall Event 2 Hazard Assessment Rockfall Mitigation Options g P Rockfall Analysis and Design Criteria Recommendations Current and Future Actions Appendix A. Booth Creek Rockfall Hazard Area by Bruce K. Stover Appendix B. Rockfall Mitigation by Jonathan L. White List of Figures and Photos: Figure#1 Site map and location of March 26, 1997 rockfall. Figure#2 Screen dump of CRSP slope profile 7' Photo#1 Booth Creek rockfall source area Photo#2 Top Cliff rockfall source area Photo#3 Close-up of top cliff source area Photo#4 Location of proposed mitigation at Condos Photo#5 Lower cliff above district to be monitored 9 r r ANIL Booth Falls RmkWl Report,Page 2 INTRODUCTION The Colorado Geological Survey has assisted the Town of Vail in assessment of the rockfall hazard at Booth Creek since May 1983,when a severe rockfall event occurred there. Since then the town and property owners in Vail Village Filing 12 formed a Geologic Hazard Abatement District (GHAD). The District has mitigated much of the hazard by the construction of a ditch and berm on the slope above the residential area As far as the Survey knows,the ditch and berm configuration has been 100%effective for rocks that continually fall from the cliffs of the Minturn Formation. On March 26, 1997,another very serious,potentially lethal, rockfall occurred that incurred substantial damage to the Booth Falls Condominiums that exists to the west of the GHAD and outside the protection envelope provided by the ditch and berm. Under the auspices of the Critical Geologic Hazards Response Program and our concerns expressed in earlier involvement,the CGS can assist the Town of Vail in assessment of the hazard that the condominiums bear,options for mitigation for that portion of slope west of the ditch and berm terminus, and design criteria for said mitigation systems. Included in this report are two appendices. Appendix A,Booth Creek Roclkfafl Hazard Area by Bruce Stover, is a report on the general geology, geomorphology, and the mechanism of rockfall for the Booth Creek site. Appendix B, Rockfall Mitigation, is a short paper on types of rockfall mitigation systems that are available. MARCHTHE 26, 1997 ROCKFALL EVENT At 11:20 p.m.,a ledge of Minturn Formation limestone at the highest exposed outcrop of the upper cliff,just below the exposure of glacial till, failed similarly to that shown in Figure 3 of Appendix A. The ledge dimensions that detached and toppled is roughly.20'x 8'x 8'. As it fell, it impacted and broke additional rock blocks from outcrops below. The rock mass broke apart as it tumbled down the cliff. As it fell down the slope,the rock fragments randomly fanned out such that the path of the rockfall formed a swath more than 500 feet across where they came to rest. See Figure#1 of this report. The location of the rockfall source is shown by arrow in Photo# 1 and#2 and the scar easily seen in Photo #3. Approximately one third of the swath of rolling rocks were retained by the ditch and berm. See Figure #1. The remaining two-thirds of the event came to rest, scattered around the condominiums. The condo structures received three rock impacts and several near misses_ Rock sizes ranged from 2 to 5+feet in average diameter. Surrounding the condos several items were also damaged or destroyed, (i.e., small haul trailer, trampoline frame, small wooden deck and chairs, wood walkway). Of the three impacts,one was minor and the other two major. The minor impact was from a a3 foot diameter rock that obviously had slowed almost to a stop upon impacting the westernmost condo structure. The rock came to rest,ominously so, next to a large boulder from an earlier rockfall. A major impact,also about 34 feet in diameter at high velocity,had just missed the ditch and berm catchment. The rock impacted and smashed the corner of the easternmost condo, snapped off the side balcony support,and destroyed a trampoline fame along its path before coming to rest in the subdivision below. The third and worst impact was a 5+foot block that broadsided the easternmost condo. Sufficient rock velocity enabled the boulder to smash through the outside wall, interior walls, and the floor, finally being caught in the crawlspace below. Luckily the resident, whose bedroom this rock smashed through,was not home at the time of the rockfall. Booth Creek Rockfall Report,Paa Booth Creek Rockfall Hazard Area _.... _ ... ... Vail, Colorado _....., .. .,. Areal extent of rockfall impacts from 11:20 pm, 3/26/97 event. ap Rockfall Source: Limestone bed at highest point of upper cliff. See companion photos �4 � µ "°ah �q ` in report. Location not shown on town GIS «w� mm.. Wa�a s ti"r map. br -N, y one inch=200 feet R� w The berm was 100%effective for that phi - y w 7 portion of the 3/26/97 event that fell into it ,.,, h, `•'.". "^w.. ,., gym,w w.,�, �� ... I " n PEWS "w "` 'ts z ; "".'`»`'� 1 ' w. e3•o.a �� ��y, � �s�"P� I."` '° � ��.. ^�ub� ter" �" ��. � ,. .......... x,,, .:.:.' �.+�� � � �,� ,� � ✓'� I` � Ai --�.—�. �, a r ,. --, .�. a waar w 37"� �._. "P' � bu. figure 41. W Booth Falls Rockfall Report_Page 4 The CGS made an initial inspection of the site Thursday,March 27, 1997. Our preliminary assessment was that it appeared that the ledge broke away relatively clean and the hazard risk in no greater or less than the day before the rockfall; which is to say that rockfall can occur from this source area anytime. It was on our preliminary inspection of the ditch and berm where we discovered that an earlier rockfall event occurred, either earlier this year or sometime after the town last cleaned the ditch out. Several rocks (s4 foot diameter) had fallen and, by lithology, could be differentiated from the March 26 event (sandstone vs. limestone). This rockfall occurred without anyone's knowledge because the entire event was contained within the ditch and berm.. Friday, March 28, 1997 an aerial reconnaissance was conducted of the source area and while the preliminary assessment has not changed, we reiterate that rockfall of similar magnitude will continue at this site. During this inspection we did see several loose rocks on the slopes and rock features with questionable long-term stability. HAZARD ASSESSMENT In a ranking of a rockfall hazard the parameters are source area, a steep acceleration zone, proximity of structures to both, and history of rockfall impacts. In two aspects the condominium location is worse than most of the special district to the east because the upper cliff is more fully exposed at this location (it is mostly soil covered to the east) and the slope between and below the ma in Appendix A. p y' Figure 91 Creek Valle cliffs steepen where the slope curves around into Booth See Photo#1 and P PP yt The main source area for Booth Falls Condominiums is the upper cliff. The exposed, lower cliff of sandstone reduces in height as it trends to the northwest. Photo #1 and a �° y;% ' close-up photo #2 show the : extent of the upper cliff '� " where it is not soil covered. They reveal a benchy cliff ol'' � beds of limestone,thin shales, and minor sandstone. It is the dense, hard, gray limestone that creates the largest rockfall boulders in the Booth Creek area. The report by B. Photo 41. Booth Creek rockfall source area. Note enlargement of upper cliff Stover in Appendix A exposure and corresponding rockfall source area,northwest of the ditch and provides further in-depth berm terminus. discussion on the source areas. Photos #1 and #2 also show the exposed shale slope, between the cliffs, steepening to the left. The general lack of soil and vegetation suggests that this slope is harder and smoother, compared with the right. A further close-up, Photo #3, reveals limestone blocks, pedestals, and ledges, defined by the crisscrossing joint pattern, being undermined by the quicker- i f Booth Falls Rockfall Report,Page 5 eroding interbedded shale partings. Also in Photo #3 are several slumped and isolated limestone blocks on the rock slope that have not yet fallen. The history of reported rockfall events at Booth Creek and the physical nature of the slope merits our assessment that; Booth Falls Condominiums is in a severe rockfall hazardous area. I dt,IN' �Nb�kh%✓��gwN o, :r,,� �r� m y,w' 'i �H.,�,� �i / ' � f"i , VIII ttttt t �u �' oq 11 + ii Zr �r aw r t ✓ �' err i D' Photo#2. Top cliff rockfall source area. White arrow marks location of March 26, 1997 rockfall. �I Dnh � f o, r I�i f nl F f AP ^ 07 ^N i "D"'i i 7� wa dvlb n,�rl l r, S, Dg „� �,.... irk An �uw,„, Photo 43. Close-up aerial view of source area. Note ledgy appearance with joint defined blocks undennined by erodinn shale partings. White arrow A marks scar from March 26. 1997 rockfall. White arrow B marks rock pedestal that was hit by rockfall and may be destablized. Note loose blocks, marked by black arrows. Booth Falls Rockfall Report,Page 6 ROCKFALL MITIGATION OPTIONS Appendix B contains most of the recognized forms of rockfall mitigation and protection devices commonly used. Rockfall mitigation is divided into two types:stabilization of the rock mass at the source area to prevent rocks from falling; and rockfall protection systems that acknowledge that rocks will fall but structures or public areas are protected from the impacts. At the Booth Creek site stabilization of the rock mass at the source area is not being contemplated for several reasons. They include: 1. The source area is in the USFS Eagles Nest Wilderness Area; 2. Source area stabilization at this site would need to cover a large area,be labor intensive, require technical rock climbing skills, and helicopters for mobilization that would make the project cost prohibitively high; 3. Source area stabilization construction activity would present unacceptable risks that rock could be inadvertently knocked down, by workers or equipment, onto the residential areas. Rockfall protection systems that will be considered at this site are ditch and berm configurations and impact barrier wall systems. Fences will not be considered because they can have high maintenance cost and generally cannot withstand high impact forces without being destroyed. ROCKFALL ANALYSIS and DESIGN Proper analysis of the hazard for design purposes requires accurate slope geometry and a determination of appropriate rockfall sizes. For the slope geometry we used information gained from our earlier investigation for the special district mitigation,the Town of Vail GIS 1:2400 scale maps, photos, and the USGS 1:24,000 scale map. For the rockfall size using the maximum size boulder that is found on site would be prudent. We used the Colorado Rockfall Simulation Program(CRSP) ver. 3.Oa for our analysis. Four to seven foot diameter boulders were modeled, and weight was calculated using the unit weight of limestone. The analysis seemed to bear out observable results of rockfall in the area. Bounce heights were highest on the cliffs and at the transition to the lower, softer slopes the rocks begin just to roll. The critical design factor is the high impact energies developed by these larger rocks. A screen dump is shown on Figure 42 of the CRSP program slope profile. An analysis point was chosen 30 feet upslope from the condominiums where the slope breaks to a grade of 40% to 50%. In modeling rockfall with CRSP we arrived at the following bounce heights, impact kinetic energies(K.E), and velocities at this analysis point. Rock Rock Bounce KE(max.) K.R(avg.) Vel.(max.) Vel.(avg.) _Size - Weight„-„ w�mft. ft-lbs.,�m-,,,, ft-lbs ft/sec _ ft/see 4'sphere 5058 3.0 1,000,000 800,000 98 83 5'sphere 9878 2.1 1,900,000 1,400,000 95 81 6'sphere 17069 2.0 3,000,000 2,300,000 96 78 7'sphere 27106 1.7 4,600,000 3,300,000 89 74 4'x7'cyl. 13272 1.7 2,500,000 1,700,000 93 74 5'x6'cyl. 17775 1.9 3,600,000 2,400,000 94 76 6'x6'cyl. 25600 1.9 4,900,000 3,500,000 89 74 6'x7'cyl. 30000 1.8 5,700,000 3,700,000 90 72 Booth Falls Rockfall Report,Page 7 :I1 v w r � t Figure 2. Screen dump of CRSP program of Booth Creek-west side. Analysis point arrow is 30 feet above condominiums. Horizontal and vertical are not at the same scale. RECOMMENDATIONS The following recommendations and design criteria are based on modeled rolling rocks analyzed at 30 feet upslope from the condominiums, so are only valid at that point on the slope. Mitigation design should not only insure that rockfall is contained but also the impact structure remains sound and does not require costly reconstruction afterwards. The CGS recommends that design criteria for mitigation at the condominiums should be capable to withstand and retain a worst case scenario,which is believed to be a boulder in the 6 to 7 foot diameter range. An examination of the source area,the most recent rockfall,and earlier research done by Stover and Cannon for work the CGS did in 1988 seems to confirm this scenario. That translates to a rolling rock with an impact force of 5,000,000 ft-lbs at the analysis point. Besides withstanding the impact force the mitigation system would need to prevent any rock that encounters it from climbing and overtopping, or bouncing over. The impact face should be vertical and have an effective height that prevents overtopping. Design height will be specific to siting of the structure. At the analysis point it should be no less than 12. These design parameters do not take into account smaller rock fragments that separate from larger boulders. During inspection of the site following the March 26, 1997 event there was evidence of smaller rocks snapping off the tops of Aspen trees, 25 feet high, near the condos. These rock fragments do not reflect actual bounce heights but display the high rotational velocity of the rock and the centrifugal force acting on fragments as they detach. Options to mitigate these highly random rock fragments are limited to moving the protection system farther up the slope (which will change design criteria) or constructing a low capacity rockfall fence at the top of the berm or wall. Booth Palls Rockfall Report,Page S Only a stout protection system can be designed at the : criteria stated above. Both ditch and berm systems and � inertial impact barriers or a ' 4 combination of both, can be ,n designed for the site and be cost ro effective. No rockfall fence on the market can probably withstand the impact forces that � ,•, r,' �� Stu°4a��`"� '�M ' t are being contemplated. The rockfall protection must be A designed to begin at the road and extend to the southeast to a point where sufficient overlap exists with the existing berm above a length no less than 350 Iopriff)1)10' aim feet. Rocks that skirt the edge of the top berm must be caught Photo#4. Location of proposed impact barrier or berm site. Note by the lower. See Photo #4. At accumulation of rocks in existing Glitch. The largest are 5 feet in diameter. the high impact velocities and corresponding impact forces both ditch and berm and reinforced impact walls will need to be carefully designed. In a ditch and berm option a careful look will be needed to determine whether the berm of only compacted soil will have the strength to withstand these forces. The earthen berm may need to be reinforced with geotextiles. A rockfall impact barrier or earth wall will need to be reinforced with geotextiles in lifts of 5-12 inches and have a width no less than 10 feet. We recommend that the Town of Vail retain the CGS for review of the mitigation design and our approval be a condition for design acceptance by the town. CURRENT AND FUTURE ACTIONS Adverse or highly variable weather prevented the CGS from doing a site inspection of the source area immediately after the March 26 event. Later this spring we plan to conduct this site inspection where the failure occurred and examine those impacted rock features below that may be an of questionable stability. During our aerial inspection we also found a rock feature above the special district ditch and berm that may require long term monitoring. See Photo 45. While we believe this feature will not be a threat for many years it bears watching because of its size. If this feature were to fail the volume of the fall would quickly overwhelm the capacity of the ditch and overtop it. We will provide the Town of Vail a supplemental report based on our field studies later this summer. For the interim,residents of Booth Falls Condominiums who are concerned about their safety can take precautions to lessen their exposure to rockfall hazards. As stated the larger rocks are basically rolling when they reach the condos. The safest area in these condos presently is the top floor on the side facing downhill. The worst case rockfall impact can put a big hole through a Booth Falls Rockfall Report,Page 9 w .w .. 1%/i� u m� fi wiw... Jv"�" ✓�k 71 �9 r u o1 rr, /ar .:", ;:✓ ,r.Rw..a: -__ „mow m 1,C! ry. Photo#5. Lower sandstone cliff above district ditch and berm. The CGS will visit this feature this spring and install movement gauges for future monitoring, structure and possibly condemn it, but probably will not tear it down. Our advice to residents is that ' they not establish living areas where they spend the bulls of their time, such as bedrooms and the sitting areas of living rooms, against the exterior wall that faces upslope. Bedrooms should be moved upstairs and/or beds placed against the wall facing downhill. Do not place beds directly in front of, or below, windows that face uphill. The Home Owners Association and Town of Vail should act quickly so that these structures are protected from the next roekfall of similar magnitude. 1 1 1 1 1 ' APPENDIX A i BOOTH CREEK ROCKFALL HAzARD AREA Brace K. Stover Colorado Geological Survey, 1313 Sherman Street,Room 715,Denver,CO 80203 Residenoes situated at the base of the valleywall at the mouth m thick dense,hard gray limestone unit resting above it-The of Booth Creek in Vail Valley are exposed to varying degrees of limestone is jointed so that subangular blocks(.5 x.6 x 1 m)con- rockfall hazard (Figure 1). The hazard ranges from low to tinuously detach from the bed and fall off the sloping Jiff edge. moderate for structures near the limits of the runout zone on the These limestone blocks are commonly involved in the more fre- ralley to my highbigh for sonva rcsidc ctrd in the 4uently recurring events that can often cause damage to kwmr part,of thaac=lcrafion done at the base of the c' tares in the runout zone. area vras developed prior to the tinic when Vag had adequate A thick shale unit between the upper and lower cliffs has hazard41 was hazard, i zoning �1 The back to a 68 percent slope.The shale is soft,clayey, if j . p . . slope failures thus not identified prior to development. and shows evidence of localized slippage and small The b investigated in deter after a car n� r during,jut hcavy ow- eveut in May 1 ,caused,bus,damW to several strutctum,, melt fiery smallMadflows appear to start on this steep slope In the years since the original hazard investigation was con- and'spill over the r cliff edge.The; are capable of disturb-, ducted,several more significant rocldall events have occurred, ing or initisfing rockM6 ifboulders happ=to be itt their paths, boulders have destroyed timber patios and log retaining walls, or are resting near points of initial failure. damaged ext,crior w and,smashed completely throng stnw,, Above this soft eroding shale is a thicker cliff-forming unit of twes cmusiM considerable damage to interiors and furnislaps., the Robinson Limestone.This bed of dense,hard,gray lime- The town of Vail and affected property owners are current- stone varies from L5 to 10 m thick in the study area and is the lypursumg a means and framework for administering design and source for the largest rockfall boulders encountered in the construction of protective rockfall structures and barriers in an runout zone.The limestone boulders that detach from the cliff attempt to safeguard the residential arm are quite resistant and tend not to break up or shatter on their ' way downslope.The largest boulders found in the runout zone Geology of Roekt'all Source Areas appear to be derived from this upper cliff-forming limestone. Theshale-zone. u which e u r limestone cis roc is The gmlog make-up of the cliff above "ail V�" �'. ��p detros on us r' e � limestone,,roe ledges, ' � ,and erg 12 is sh�d� �ti�Wy in pare;�Se�e�uta data ex a like blocks which eventually topple off their fed in the :,arc p ort of the Minturn Formation of Mididie perches.The limestone is jointed such that blocks appraximate- Pennsylvanian age, and Wudc % of"ww&sto sh ly 3 m x 12 m x 12 in are separated from the cliff and tilt out- Wnglomorate, and,li to .The heds,strike N95W and dip ward toward the cliff edge.Thinner beds within the limestone 115"to l e into the valley ate..Tive lower cWf eon Lsts of sWcy cliff produce more slabby blocks that,if not turned onto their sandstone beds about 12 m thick resting on a weak,fissile,rapid- edges by chance during the initial fall,remain flat-side down on ly eroding black to ,gray . The ,° n dstone unit has two the steep slopes. prominent joint sets st ` ® and NS.50W.Tb=joints An eroding slope in glacial till rests directly above the cliff- combine to separate large slabs and define the cW face an forming upper limestone in the northern part of the study area. visible from the valley below.Above the sandstone is a soft,fri- The eroding slope periodically sheds smooth,rounded granitic ' able coarse sandy conglomeratic bed 1 m thick which weathers boulders which tumble down the cliff into the runout zone. to a smooth rounded ledge and continually undercuts a 0.6 to 1 Other areas of this till farther east along the cliff appear relative- ' a r rtr � ,, Pp F •,r f ° '`Wy �b h "�.w, �.,_ , P ,✓' �n , " � i�r� a„ u�r t � der r i W W: r � o, t00, t�N «.r r FEES " r r It X � .04, rrp H T. - . �Ifjb r VAR h rror �r n .� �0 err M °. d'✓ „..,..:^� "a�ny '4 q'� �9" m '"w ^*.., R COW M� '�— r,9 � Figure 1.Location map of study area,scaleja4,000 ly stab and are not actively shedding large rocks to the slopes these slopX 5 due 1;o die steepness. Sparse, � ied o � below. pen r s, all stand n but generally y tbe sJOKs «l" llras tg slopes flatten dramatically to grades,off'to' o not support much vegetatiom "Rocks trave mug. percent.,Imp.stands ofmature aspen indicate that these gentle this n of the slope win continue to 93i aroW en- up per tin Ftqvs,am relathely stable,No oft, r rockfall muces tum.as they rollandrid r dommslope. cida above thm putle slopeswhirl,start at an elevation ap- c) f r vcttical ciffilsource area,-A,50 ft gh(11 m) proximately 9,450ft cliff o(joWcd san&doue and limestone crop o as 5 tt vertical,ft(175 m)almvo the runout 7ma.Largo Slak 15 to ft (4 to o in) in diameter, periodically detaelafrom the cliff face and tilt outwards until they Physical Configuration toppleover and,shaart,sb ringboulders,ontothe accek:ratiouzonc,slopes below. re ) D) Upper shaleslopea leration zone,- A steep(68 "'l'be acepsouthwest-facbig sk d.rocky o ff tower 1, p"c )shaj,e slope,ibm the lower verdc clift`al- lt( 05 m)above fail"pillage Fili on its northern houndarym loves bouders from a bigber cliff to gain Momentum tie heights are attained within a horizontal distance of 1,7W before twcowdng air,boran at the cliff edge. ft(5 "l u),resulting in as avenge,slope of'58 percent,Theslope E) tjpper vertical cliff saxur area-Jointed slabs,and, can be divided into several zo (V 2) aoulders LOOO vertical ft (10 in) ,above the runuout w) R,Uuout Vie,-Wipes of 28 to,45 rwcent along tho zone periodically detach from the cliff and free fall foot of the v ,cy wall This area is mooprately and bound downslope and off the lower clM Most wooded With fairly young aspen and, h.a's been rocks do not shatter, but remain as intact ap- developed as a res identdal subdivision.Mw majority proximately 8 by 5 ft (2-5 by L5 m) limestone of rocks flag from the ClUTS oonye,to rcst ill this boulders which are capable of reaching the farthest ,Zrne limits of the runout zone.(Figure 4) .Acreleration zone-slop"' of 55 percent to 65 Per- F) Eroding upper till slope-Glacial till resting on top cent and st per ixmmaedlatcl bl' o sours area-No of the upper cliff sheds rounded granitic boulders boulders of significant size can remain at, rest. on GLACIAL TILL .• •d. UPPER ���•O�w L OMESTTONE CLIFF ROCKFALL SOURCE AREA R "� LEDGE r LOWER SANDSTONE •i• �— +��•'•• CLIFFS �. A:CCEL,E7RAT N ZONE LOWER ERODNG SHALE BEDS COLLUVIUIMII ON - ACCELERATION RUNOUT ZONE SLOPES —RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES`�„ 130lfLDERS IN .. � r� RUNOLIT ZONE Figace 2.Geologic diagram of compound rock-M slopes in study area Drawn to scale with Be vertical ezaggeration.Note dip of strata toward valley. downslope which roll and fall off the cliffs. This till Differential ri of ks has undercutthe slope is considered to be a part of the upper source tacit overlying sandstoacs or fimestomes creating a borizAaW area. groove or over ,at the base of the diff which sup 1*0 for the rocks abom,Evznhially.the Roc]dall Mechanisms comesincapable of supporting, files from the cliff.if ow r slate.bas already dda6e el Several,natural gp .wlogi ;and tcypographic factors combine to form the eiff alwgioints and i rtsfixig,precarioWyon,tile:shale area.These include joint pat- which f is in inevitable toppling of three pr from the Ye factors d tin the north wall, tender and differential ring a lcra of Gore Creek in the stud • y b the terns,differential weathering of various rock types,dip of strata, large slabs topple onto the,acceleration slopes below,theyy, sisal.- and the slope of cliffs and acceleration zones- ly halter:mto many smaller Mulder sized which ac celerate downs opc to the runout at,)a The topplizig may ° .. ger adjacent unstable parts of the cliff to fall as well. Jointing and Differential Weathering of Cliff Faces Dip of Strata and Topography lorirt pact in,the diff.fortnmg melts are cmused by. relief and physical praperl cS of t frock,,The Jairits soformed The dip of the rock ledges making up the source area also derme plano, vertta cliff faces and,act to separate large sec- contributes to rockfall along cliffs in the study area.The strata tioris of the cliff Wo,slabs along,jonntssubparall;el tothe-diff face, in the two cliffs dip approximately 15 degrees into the valley, Once a slab has detached from the sedimentary bed,it begins to causing any looSer stones, cobbles,or boulders on the ledges to ' creep outwards owing to gravity and frost wedging in the joints. inevitably niow, down to the edge of the 16 in vertical cliff. The joints widen with time,and are often wedged farther apart Lime tone blocks, separated f"rara, their beds by jointing and by tree roots,and smaller rocks that fall into the cracks formed weathering creep down toward the valley along these dipping by the joints.(Figure 3) bedrock surfaces(Figure 5).Rounded glacial cobbles and gravel m � . w m . r t m w .= w,.m • • „ww,,. w w w w w wr �w,.a.*.. �' w w� • . m' w w w '•• w w ,« w • . . w ww m mnx m • w • . w *� wmm . rw� �*• w� NA, . w �, m w wr ww'w'* ••w we �„ • Axe Figure 3.Toppling SialFfaH a Sequence L hdM cliff coallguratloo.2.Uffa ential weathering of soft shale begins to undercut massive cliff forming slabs.Joints open and widen due to slope creep and frost wedgingg.Springs issue B om contact beneath dilL ' 3.Undarutting coutinner.Joints wide*and arewedged open by smaller rode,messing slab to tilt outwards.4.Slab falls from cliff face onto acceleration slopes,bdoging down overlying roclrL S.Slab topples and shatters,showering ronout zone below with boulders,and cgmnlog new cliff face to erosion. , M . m„ LIMESTONE ig ® . Figure S.Slope creep causing limestone blocks to move down bedding planes and off lower cliff edge.Blocks are generally 2 Figure 4. Limestone slabs resting on weak shale pedestals, ft x 3 ft.This mechanism is responsible for frequent rock falls upper cliff source area, in the study aces. OLDER ROCKFALL BOULDER FRESH ROCKFALL BOULDER iINCONSISTENT DEPRESSION NO DEPRESSION DISCOLOAATIONS IN SOIL GRANITIC BOULDERS PITTED EDGES EXPOSM IN TILL ,, WEATHERED SURFACE � SOIL PROFILE Ar TILL ftm6.PhyskWdMkvnmbeftumroc]&UmdgW*da F deposited boulders is rnnout zoo.Roddsll boulders are all limestone or sandstone,while glacial boulders are mostly rounded granite or metamorphic Iithologies.Note that soil exists below rod H bothers,while it is absent beneath glacial bonlda s- slough down along the dip slopes and eventually fall into open direction radiating from he point of initial fall.The pattern or ' cracks formed by joints,wedging slain farther apart. ba*xt ry a gives boulder could follow is so unpredictable that The glaciated valleys of Gore and Booth Creeks both possess it is impractical to delineate individual hazard zones based on relatively flat bottoms and steep neariyvertical sides.The skgm the physical conditions of various segments of the cliff faces In are so steep that once a bounder or slab topples from the dills, the present situation,hazard zones are,more practically related it usuallycannot come to rest until it reaches the lower footslopes to horizontal.distance from the source areas,Zones farther away of the valley wall.An examination of the runout zone shows that experiencing a smaller probability of being encompassed by a large boulders and slabs have travelled onto and across parts of given event.This approach yields an approximately radial series ' the valley floor due to the tremendous momentum they acquire of zones radiating out from the source area;the more severe in the acceleration zone haze-ds are obviously desist to the diffs.It should be.pointed out,however,that any area within the cadent of the ramioat zone Factors Triggering Roddalls is subjed to some degree of rockfall hazard- Most of the rockfalls reported in this area appear to be re- Hamra Zone Ddiaeadou lated to alternating freeze-thaw, conditions Events have oc- . cuffed at night in winter, spring, and fall, after warm days of Varying degrees of rockfall hazard severity can be ap. melting-have introduced runoff into joints and fradures.Upon prozimated by examination of the nature and positions of freezing,the ice expands in the cracks sufficiently to topple an boulders and slabs in the runout zone. Each large bounder was unstable block.Some events have also occurred on the other side examined to determine several factors which were used to ap- of the cycle, as sunshine thaws the frozen cliffs, releasing a proximate the extent of the nmout zone,and estimate the time precariously perched block or boulder. spans since each rockfall boulder came to rest. These factors aze: Hazard Classificatlon and Zonation 1) Whether or not a boulder was of rockfall origin or glacially deposited. The rockfall hazard associated with geologic and ) Whether or not a rockfall boulder was resdngundis- topographic conditions and the proximity of dwellings as turbed in its original position or had been moved by described above is considered to be severe.The majority of large human activities. boulders found among structures in the runout zone have fallen 3) The physical nature of undisturbed roclM boulders from the cliffs. Field study indicates that the question is not, with respect to basal contact,(resting on surface,cm- "Will significant rockfall occur?",but rather,"What is the recur- bedded, partially covered, etc.) and lichen, moss, rence interval between significant rockfall events?". and weathering patterns on exposed surfaces ' Acceleration slopes are so steep and smooth that rocks ) The comparative size distributions of boulders traversing them are free to deflect and skitter laterally in any within the runout zone. Rockfall Versus Glacial Origin of Boulders Additionally,the•and lichen growth patterns,if any,are in- consistent with the present orientations of the boulders,indicat- In order to determine the extent of the rockfall runout zone, ing tliat they live been moved alter, the patterns were cstab- it is necessary to determine whether boulders encountered shed. Disedloratinrus,cxf the diuuilsed boulders caned by w belowthe cliffs in Vail Village have fallen from one of the source n iwntact can be.observed on the sides or top of those which have. areas and come to rest on the surface,or if theywere transported been pushed over and,rac ed.The boulders often leave trails or in and deeposited ice;car otatw° during Nei stocene glac ia- marks where they have hm pwiae,d along the ground,creating tions,'nLis distinction C 31a be madr,by compmngthe character a small berm of scraped up soil alou,g,one of their basal edges. of boulders found embedded in undisturbed glacial deposits Undisturbed rockfall boulders do not show fresh gouges or with the limestone and sandstone boulders derived from the scrapes,have consistent lichen and moss growth patterns,do not cliffs (Figure 6). Glacially deposited boulders are mostly show soil discoloration on their sides or tops,and are often sur- rounded to subrounded smooth granite or metamorphic rocks rounded by young bushes, aspen trees, or natural vegetation, Which are imbedded in the surroundingglacial deposits.The ex- whichhas obviously act been disturbed.711Z positions of th�c posed surfaces of these boulders are almost totally covered with botlders can bt used.to wore at:carately prgject the im lichens and moss. The heavy lichen cover and other well �lirurits of t ire ru>i OW zo aae,sicrcee they 1 v infer sect to hawse�"` developed surface rock weathering features such as pits and to rest in their pre, W po4 ions after wing from the;clffi. etched relief of individual mineral grains, suggest that these boulders have been in place for 20 to 40 thousand years.The gla- Factors Used to p prw rtinruite and ,urrent Intervals daily deposited cobbles and boulders are 85 to 90 percent of Major Rockfall Events gran°dcand metaxnorphic,rock types,and very lew limestone,or sandstone cobbles or bould e i be found in the till.This,i�,' Certain characteristics exhibited by undisturbed rockfall due to the fact that the only source area where valley glaciers boulders and slabs in the runout zone,suggest approximate or could scour and corpoiate limestone blteks is a narrow band relative time spans since they camo to rat Ater fall imdgive of,roc,k one,smile upstream from the runcrut e enansive a rough estimate of the mcurreacc.intervals,brtwwtcn larp ab- supper basin which spawned the gla6ers is composed of failure events.The contact made by aboulder with tbe surface Precambrian igneous and ruclamorphic lit.holo 'es which, suggests how long the rock has been,resting im its p went posi� nrake�up the vast majority ofthe rock types encountexed in till tion.As the length of time' eases,the r .� ,will tend twa lm'as, deposits,found in the r,o Waltranoutzone. In cmtrast, largo into the ground,and slope wash, soil creep,and frost wedging boulders awl slabs, of mall origin are angular or pay will act to fill in around the base of the rock with soil materials. rounded,rest direly,an the ground surfer, not shear an Rocks wh+ hhave been,wing for long periods tend to be some- vq al unt of weathering our allmposod surfa and are ai. what a ded in the sod,and if-move,would revel an inden n,rust etkcluusiw ly firuestona or,saudstane.A,few granitic roCkfall tntion im ther gro which have rCcCn1JYfa1lrU rest boulders are also,present,and,arz derived frout till in the upper directly on the ground surface,axed may lic on brushor small urce area,Iliese differences were=d to map the ti trees they have crruJmd k-acath them. one can push ad stick of large boulders of rockfall origin and determine the ap- beneath the edges of such a rock iaa arcane plrace .. proyimate limits of the runout zone. Older rocks also have more consistent lichen growth patterns than recently moved rocks which have detached from the cliff. Recently moved rocks may possess differentially weathered sur- Distnrbed Versus Undisturbed Rocldall Boulders facts, as a 't of their fiorrt= positions on the cliff., If the bouor " g of robirlale on the iiwel"y�to roll toering,and a stop un � aatt�whi' � tfin=a specific,boulder was identified as being, p surfaces Ducal against the a ground�� , p to facing theinrf l at p� y , g t c onion con rockfall ora n its position the prcad the nature and ent;of the runout zone,A ruble with f is y still a ch eterustre coloration using the positions of rockfall' bra in the su bduv ,son and try%ith 61der, expa�d weathered abl , adja � t ar . � to d ` rate the maoout that m y have ti � �,o ry for n �sal weath+edngp� es remove chi bern disturbed and moved from,their ori 1potsitions during discoloration and create a new uniform surface color on the development and coustruclian activities.lw,+lany of tl c boulders rock. Are too l rf (some weighing up to 15 t )to be moved easily, even by,heavy equipment,audit is assumed,thattbcy*tremoved Distribution of Rocldall Events only a few fee several tens of feet from their poshiora in order to cut construction of roads,and building fotinda:- Emu titian of the sotuce area and runout zone reveals that, dog The aomrracy of this assurription is xuA easily detzrmirted, two basic types of rockfall events take place in the study area.■ and die present positions of the disturbed tKywilders as indicators The first and most common involves smaller individual boulders of runout zone,and hamd zone charar eds6cs are not entirely generally in the (0S x 1 m) size range, which detach fro ne reliable. sedimentary beds and eventually fall from the cliffs.These fallo Disturbed or tra , cddrockfall boulders always showfrrsh commonlyinvolve several boulders,many of which are set in mo- go _ and abrasions caused,by heavy carthmoving equipment.. tion after being struck by the initial falling rock.This type 0 1 1 minor rockfall is common. and based or, examination of the to determine the best places to site the protective structurm runout zone and cliffs above,can be expected to occur every one One approach would be to construct individual protective struc- to three years.This is the type of rockfall which occurred in the tures for each building within the runout zone.Alternatively,a repDded events of May M,January 1986,and September 1987, single large structure above the subdivision might provide as damaging several structures. Many rockfall events go un- much protection and create less overall disturbance to the area. reported unless significant damage to structures occurs. The structure would have to be carefully designed and con- The second type of rockfall is much less frequent,but of far structed to be free draining and to prevent adverse snow or ice greater danger and destructive potential.It involves massive slab accumulations from forming above the protective barrier.Siting failures of the cliff faces,along joints which liberate large(4S x a community type protective structure appears to be feasible if 6 m)slabs and(2.5 x 15 m)limestone boulders,showering them based on the detailed siting studies which would be necessary to onto the acceleration slopes below.The next rockfall of this mag- determine the most suitable location. In either case,costs for nitude will almost certainly result in extensive damage or these structures are estimated to be on the order of 0.75 to one destruction to structures in the runout zone below. million dollars,and could be higher.Unfortunately.these struc- An imprecise preliminary estimate of recurrence intervals for tures would do little to prevent larger boulders or slabs derived these large slab-failure events, based on examination of the through toppling failures from destroying structures in the source area and undisturbed rockfall boulders in the runout runout zone.The energies possessed by such slabs or boulders zone,is on the order of 40 to 100 years.Large boulders set in are simply too great to contain within the restricted space avail- motion during these events can travel through the snout zone able between the source areas and existing residences. ' as far as the maximum probable limit.An estimate of the last oc- currence of this type of event,based on the freshest,undisturbed rockfall boulder in the runout zone,and weathering patterns on REFERENCES the cliffs,is on the order of 40 to 60 years ago. Potential Solutions to Roc]dall Hazards guidelines snow-avalanche A.I.,1979,Colorado sno avalanche area studies and guidelines for avalanche-hazard planning: Colorado The feasibility of protective structures and other preventive R Geological Survey Special Publication 7,124 p. measures were evaluated during the study. obinsoq C.S.,and Associates, Geological Consultants, 1975, Smaller boulders come off the lower cliff could Geologic hazard maps for environmental and land-use plan- probably be arrested by protective structures built rear the Rogers,W.P.,et County, 4,Guidelines and criteria for identifi- lower acceleration zone on property within the platted sub- cation and land-use controls of geologic hazard and mineral division.The structures must be capable of absorbing the ewer- resource areas: Colorado Geological Survey Special gies of one ton boulders traveling at 50 mph,and would probab-ly involve energy absorbing materials held within timber or rock Publication cation 6.1bbing.Maintenaneeofthestrnexureswonldbenecessaryeach Shelton,publi 46 p. D.C., 4, Rockfalls variables which determine the e hazard: Unpublished report, Colorado Geological Survey time a boulder is stopped, since the energy dissipation will Geologic hazard files,Denver,Colorado. damage or deform that part of the structure involved It is Tureen,Ogden,and Covering.TS.,1977, Geology of the Min- probably not feasible to build an armoring wall or other type of turn 15-minute Quadrangle. Eagle and Summit Counties, structure which attempts to arrest the boulders through rigid Colorado: U.S.Geological Survey Professional Paper 956, ' strength, due to the extremely high momentum rocks gam 96 p. through the acceleration zone.The unpredictable paths and pat- terns followed by rocks skittering down slope makes it difficult 1 f6 I 1 � • 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ' nrrEnroix s 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ROCEFALL NMGATICO Jonathan L.White Colorado Geological Survey INTRODUCTION4. Proximity of the structure requiring protec- Rockfall is a geologic hazard that is catastrophic tion to source area and rockfall run-out zone; in nature. For the most part it is viewed as a nui- 5. Level of required rockfall protection (the sance by highway maintenance personnel who acceptable degree of risk); are required to clean the debris off the roadway 6. Cost of the various mitigation options (con- and periodically clean out the fallen rocks with- struction, project management, and design); in the roadside ditches. When rockfall occurs in 7. Constructability (mobilization difficulties, populated areas or areas frequented by people, equipment access, and other constraints); lethal accidents can occur. 8. Future maintenance costs. In general, rockfall occurs where there is . For any public or private land use proposal, source of rock and a slope.Within the rock in steep sloping areas, the geologic hazard mass, discontinuities (bedding planes,joints, investigation should initially recognize those fractures, etc.)are locations where rock is prone physical factors listed above. If rockfall has to move, and ultimately, fail. Depending on the been identified as a hazard then a detailed rock- spatial orientation of these planes of weakness, fall hazard analysis is warranted. The conclusion failures occur when the driving forces, those of such analyses, in addition to the determina- forces that cause movement, exceed the resisting tion of the factors above, must include: forces. The slope must have a gradient steep I• An accurate determination of anticipated enough that rocks, once detached from bedrock, risk and frequency of rockfall at the loca- can move and accelerate down the slope by slid- tion of the proposed land use, and; ing, falling, rolling, and/or bouncing. Where the 2. Site specific calculations of the velocities, frequency of natural rockfall events are consid- bounding heights, and impact forces for the ered unacceptable for an area of proposed or range of anticipated rockfall events. current use, and avoidance is not an option, Once all physical characteristics and calcu- there are techniques of mitigation that are avail- lated falling rock dynamics are determined then able to either reduce rockfall rates and prevent the appropriate engineering and design can be rocks from falling, or to protect structures or completed for mitigation of the rockfall threat- areas of use from the threat. There have been important technological ROCKFALL AGTIGATION advancements in rockfall analysis and mitigation TECBMQUES techniques in the last several years. They The available techniques in effective prevention include rockfall simulation software, rock and mitigation of rockfall,fall into two cate- mechanics software, and research and develop- i gorier. One is stabilization of the rock mass at ment in new, innovative mitigation techniques. the source to prevent or reduce rockfall occur- This paper emphasizes mitigation techniques. rences. The other is the acceptance that haz- There are,many factors that influence a ardour rockfall will oceur, but with the place- selection and design of a mitigation system to ment of protective devices to shield structures, reduce or eliminate a rockfall hazard. They or public areas, from the threat of impact. There include: is a third category that, while not a form of miti- 1. The rock source (lithoiogy, strength, struc- gation, is a method that can diminish the cata- ture, and weatherability) and expected re- strophic nature of rockfall. It is rockfall warning sultant fallen rock geometry (size and shape); and instrumentation systems. Systems, electrical 2. Slope geometry (topography); and mechanical, that either will indicate that a 3. Slope material characteristics (slope surface rockfall event is imminent, or has just occurred. roughness, softness, whether vegetated or barren); t the dowel occurs only if the rock moves Sf�biItzatisn u1 Reinforcement ernes Y Techniques that require in-situ or surficial treat- (slides) along the joint plane. (See Figure ments of the slope to induce additional stability I•) to the exposed rock mass are termed rock and/or 5. Rockbolts.Rockbolts are installed much slope stabilization and reinforcement. Stabiliza- like dowels but are usually loaded or tion can be accomplished by any combination of stressed, which imparts a compressive force the following: removing unstable rock features, on the rock.The loading of the steel rod reducing the driving forces that contribute to during the installation increases the shear instability and ultimate failure, and/or increasing strength of the joint or fracture and pre- the resisting forces(friction or shear strength). vents movement, reinforcing the exposed 1. Scaling (hand scaling, mechanical seal- rock mass.There are wide varieties of rock- ing,and trim blasting). Scaling is the bolts, including mechanical, grouted, and removal of loose and potentially unstable binary epoxy resin systems. rock from a slope. On slopes of poor rock 6. Steel strapping. Steel strapping, also called conditions scaling is generally viewed as a mine strapping, is a strip of steel that continual maintenance procedure because bridges between offset rckbolts or dowels the loose rock removed exposes the rock to support the rock mass between them. underneath to further weathering. 7. Anchored wire mesh or cable nets. Fence 2. Reduce slope grade. Laying a slope back wire or, depending on loading criteria, can prevent rocks from falling from a cable nets are draped on a rock slope and source area. anchored to the rock mass by the bearing 3. Dewater or drain roclk slope to reduce plates of rock dowels or rock bolts. The water pore pressures. The installation of anchor pattern is set so that the wire mesh drainage holes in rock can reduce the pore or cable nets are.in continuous contact with pressure in rock fractures—one of the dri- the rock face so that there is complete con- ving forces mentioned above. finement of the loose rock material. (See 4. Rock dowels.Rock dowels are steel rods Figure 2.) that are grouted in holes drilled in rock, generally across a joint or fracture in the rock of unfavorable orientation. It is a pas- z sive system in which loading or stressing of FvnYl I Y n�� nl"�,���f✓t�� �a 1y1� 9�. � � � 71 y�y�" � d���d�r�`✓wR "�J,n���i I �>-�r r ,,,✓,�:�'%1,�Y' i ,, ,�,.,, � ,abt, ;- . ,.�;i Y�ty r,.,, ��/'��j'�";r�ho�'r� ,t „���,'h�1 . :., '.,.. P 1�„4,lly,�..,., Figure 2.Anchored mesh or nets. Figure 1.Rockbolts and dowels. 10 0 8.Shotcrete.Shotcrete is the sprayed applica- installation requires the drilling of deep tion by compressed air of concrete on rock holes and the grouting of thick bundles of or rocky soil slopes for reinforcement and high-strength wire strand,which are attached containment. Shotcrete applications can be to large load-bearing panels and then stressed strengthened by the addition of nylon or (pulled)to a desired tensional load and steel fibers to the concrete mixture,or the locked off. placement of a wire grid on the rock slope prior to application.Weep holes are usually drilled into the shotcrete to ensure that the contained material is free draining. (See ' Figure 3.) 1 ; A „ . w Figure 4.Anchored concrete buttress. r 1 'SW . W � d M b figure P F ` �. IShotcrete.1 9. Buttresses. Buttresses are used where over- hanging or undermined rock features } ' become potentially unstable and require ° passive restraint. Buttresses can be con- structed from many types of material.For concrete buttresses,rock dowels are gener- ally installed into surrounding competent liigure$. Cable lashing. ' rock to anchor the buttress in place. (See Figure 4.) lO.Cable lashings. Cable lashing is the wrap- Rock all Protection Devices When stabilization of rock slopes is not practical ping of high capacity cables around a potentially unstable rock feature.The and sufficient room exists,protective devices or cables are then attached to anchors (rock structures can be constructed to shield areas from dowels) installed in adjacent competent rockfall impact. ' rock. (See Figure 5.) 1. Fences.Rockfall fences come in a variety of ll.Ground Anchors.Ground anchors are styles and capacities.They tend to become generally used to prevent large,potential less effective and are damaged if not ' landslide-type failures in heavily weathered, destroyed by larger rockfall events. (See fractured rock and rocky soils. Their Figure 6.) . Earthen berms.Bemisare elongated p mounds of fill, commonly used in associa- tion with ditches to increase the effective height and catchment of the protection device. (See Figure 7.) i . Hanging fences,nets,and other attenua- f ' ,W TAWSµ, tion devices.In well-defined rockfall chutes ' in steeper rock slope areas it is possible to anchor cables to span the chute and hang �', fence mesh,cable netting,or rock attenua- tion elements. Rocks that roll and bounce ' Figure 6.Rocicfall fence. down the chute impact these devices, which b attenuates(reduces) the rock velocity. (See 2. Ditches.Ditches excavated into slopes can Pi 9) provide excellent rockfall protection. Care is needed in analysis and design to insure that bounding rocks cannot span the ditch width. (See Figure 7.) 3. Impact barriers and walls.Impact barrier and walls can be made from many types of MCAM material, from fill mechanically stabilized by 'rt, MWU geotextiles, rock gabion baskets,timber, r steel, concrete, or even haybales.Highway — departments commonly use Jersey barriers ' on roadsides to contain smaller falling rock s '" Mr,rT in the ditch. The inertial systems, able to �� °� absorb the forces of momentum of the mov- ing rock, have higher capacities, without costly impact ge,comp to more F' S. tally stabilized ba barrier. rigid systems. (See Figure 8.) - w ti i Figure 7. Rockfall ditch and berm. 0 - AVOIDANCE- THE 100 PERCENT SOLUTION ACKWALL aim / There is one more mitigation method that is nei- M s�cyw m ther a stabilization/reinforcernent system nor pro- ON ro�� I c' tection system.It is strongly recommended at K t„� pew w.y� .� m. '„ � , tt hM locations where rockfall hazards are very severe, and/or risks very high.Mitigation designs pro- �mm posed in such areas may not afford the necessary 1/41 k level of protection.Bear in mind that no rockfall y mitigation is 100 percent guaranteed,even in mild rockfall hazard zones. Avoidance is excel- F"igare 9.Tire impact attenuator. lent mitigation and must be considered where cir- cumstances warrant. Any professional in rockfall 6. Draped mesh or netting.Draped mesh is analysis and mitigation (as with any geologic similar to the stabilization technique hazard) must,at times, inform developers,plan- anchored mesh but is only attached to the ners,and the public that a proposed land use is rock slope at the top.Rocks from the slope incompatible with the site conditions. are still able to fail but the mesh drape keeps SUGGESTED READING the rock fragment next to the slope where Federal Highway Administration, 1989,Rock they safely "dribble"out below to a catch- slopes: design,excavation, and stabilization: t---nt ditch or accumulate as small detrital fans. (See Figure I0.) Publication FHWA-TS-89-045,prepared by Golder and Associates,Seattle,Washington, funded by the Federal Highway Adminis- tration, U.S. Department of Transportation: { McLean, Virginia,Research,Development, 10 and Technology,Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center, [373) p. . 4 t Federal Highway Administration, 1994, Rockfall � y hazard mitigation methods,participant work- book: Publication FHWA-SA-93-085, pre- pared for the Federal Highway Administra- tion, U.S. Department of Transportation Publication by SNI International Resources, Inc.: Washington, D.C., National Highway ' Institute (NHI Course 13219) (357) p. Hambley, D.F, ed., 1991, Association of Engineering Geologists, 34th annual meet- ing,Chicago, Illinois, Sept. 29Oct.4, 1991, Proceedings,national symposium,highway and railroad slope maintenance: Association of Engineering Geologists, 180 p. Hoek,Evert, and Bray,John, 1981,Rock slope engineering, (rev.3rd ed.):London,U.K., The Figure 10.Draped mesh. Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 358 p. Pfeiffer,T.J., et al., 1995, Colorado rockfall simu- 7. Rock sheds and tunnels. Rock sheds and lation program,version 3.0a: Colorado tunnels are mentioned here only because Department of Transportation Publication they are used mostly for transportation corn- CD0T DTD-ED3-CSM-89-2B. Available dors. They have little or no application in from: Colorado Geological Survey Miscell- most types of land use. aneous Information Series 39, diskette, 60 p. STATE OF COLORADO .............. ......................... ........................................................................................... COLORADO GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Division of Minerals and Geology Department of Natural Resources 1313 Sherman Street,Room 715 Denver,Colorado 80203 4 Phone:(303)866-2611 FAX:(303)866-2461 r DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES ...... .... .......................... March 12, 2002 Bill Owens Governor Greg E.Walcher Mr. Russell Forrest Execu tive Director Senior Enviromnental Planner Michael B.Long To of Vail Division Director Vicki Cowart 75 South Frontage Road State Geologist Vail, CO 81657 and Director RE: Review ckfall Mitigation for Booth Falls Condominiums. Dear Russ: The CGS was requested by you to provide some additional comments on the completed rockfall mitigation at the Booth Creek Condominiums in the Town of Vail. At your earlier request, I inspected the rockfall mitigation structures on October 22, 2001 after construction was completed last fall and sent comments to you in a letter dated November 9, 2001. A question arose concerning any potential impacts to adjacent owners from the construction of the inertial barrier walls designed for rockfall impact. During my site inspection last fall I did not note any way in which these structures would adversely impact adjacent owners, except for a remote possibility to the access road to the Town water tank. There should be sufficient room to stockpile the snow against the foot of the western wall if the water tank road needs plowing for access during the winter. Also the issue of maintenance and inspection of the structures was raised. The mechanically stabilized earth impact walls are basically maintenance-free. One concern I raised last fall was potential for sloughing or slumping of soil into the catchment zone from the bare cut slopes. If not cleaned out,the soil accumulation could effectively reduce the wall height. The cut slopes behind the walls (re-vegetated and stabilized as recommended) should be inspected every spring or after an unusually heavy precipitation event. The barrier walls should also be inspected after any rockfall impacts. Crushed portions of the wall facing after impact should be quickly repaired. Yenter Companies can provide guidance on recommended repair techniques for the wall facing. The only other type of failure of the system that could arise is a bearing failure of the native soils that the impact barrier wall is founded on. If tilting or sagging of portions of the 0 0 walls is observed, the homeowner's association should inform Yenter Companies and require their staff to inspect the structure. Slight undulations along the length of the walls by differential settlement will not effect the performance of the structures. While an unlikely scenario, adverse tilting of the structures could be more problematic. Inspection of the walls and catchment zone behind should be part of a normal maintenance item of the condominium grounds by the homeowners association. I do not believe this action needs to be conducted by city staff unless distress of the wall parallel to the water tank access road is observed,which could possibly affect the roadway. Again, I believe it is very unlikely that this would occur. Enclosed with this letter is a copy of the original rockfall assessment report the CGS prepared after the March 26, 1997 rockfall event. If you have any questions,please contact this office at(303) 866-3551 or e-mail: jonathan.white(@,state.co.US Sincerely, Jonathan L. White� Engineering Geologist Illh°°° IIII' ,III ° Ilfiiu °iu iii' '' IIIIIflll Vi� Vi ° iii IIIII :Ilh°ii iii Ilh° iir Transportation Impact Study for Triumph Development's East Vail Residential N � �* NNNNNN , ,i /9P�pi? r February 14,2019 Revised May 21, 0219 PREPARED FOR: Triumph Development Attn. Michael O'Connor 12 Vail Road,Suite 700 Vail,CO 81657 PREPAREDBY: McDowell Engineering,LLC PO Box 4259 Eagle,CO 81631 970.623.0788 Contact:Kari J. McDowell Schroeder,PE,PTOE Project Number:1379 Statement of Engineering Qualifications Kari J. McDowell Schroeder, PE, PTOE is a Transportation and Traffic Engineer for McDowell Engineering, LLC. Ms. McDowell Schroeder has over twenty-two years of extensive traffic and transportation engineering experience. She has completed numerous transportation studies and roadway design projects throughoutthe State of Colorado. Ms. McDowell Schroeder is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Colorado and has her certification as a Professional Traffic Operations Engineer from the Institute of Transportation Engineers. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 2 Transportation Impact Study for East Vail Residential Table of Contents 1.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION............................................................................................................................ 5 2.0 EXISTING CONDITIONS............................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 DESCRIPTI ONO F EXISTINGTRANSPORTATION SYSTEM................................................................................................7 2.2 TRAFFIC DATA COLLECTION ..................................................................................................................................7 3.0 FUTURE TRAFFIC PROJECTIONS............................................................................................................... 9 3.1 EXISTING&COMMITTED CAPITAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS.......................................................................................9 3.2 PLANNED OR EXISTING LAND DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS..............................................................................................9 3.3 SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT FACTOR...........................................................................................................................9 3.4 BACKGROUND TRAFFIC GROWTH...........................................................................................................................9 3.5 BACKGROUND TRAFFIC FORECASTS........................................................................................................................9 4.0 PROJECTTRAFFIC...................................................................................................................................12 4.1 EXISTING SITETRAFFIC.......................................................................................................................................12 4.2 PROPOSED LAND USE........................................................................................................................................12 4.3 TRIP GENERATION ANALYSIS...............................................................................................................................12 4.4 MULTI MODAL REDUCTION.................................................................................................................................12 4.5 SITE-GE NE RATE DTRAFFIC..................................................................................................................................12 4.6 SITE-GENERATED DIRECTIONAL DISTRIBUTION........................................................................................................14 4.7 SITE-GE NE RATE DTRAFFIC ASSIGN MENT................................................................................................................14 4.8 TOTALTRAFFIC.................................................................................................................................................14 5.0 TRANSPORTATION IMPACTANALYSIS....................................................................................................19 5.1 SITE DESIGN AND TRAFFIC CIRCULATION EVALUATION .............................................................................................19 5.2 MULTI MODAL CONNECTIVITY............................................................................................................................19 5.3 AUXILIARYTURN LANE REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................................19 5.4 SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS........................................................................................................................................20 5.5 SITE ACCESS SIGHT DISTANCE..............................................................................................................................20 5.6 STATE HIGHWAY ACCESS PERMIT.........................................................................................................................20 6.0 RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS..............................................................................................21 7.0 APPENDIX..............................................................................................................................................22 East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 3 Tables and Figures FIGURE 1:VICINITY MAP.................................................................................................................................... 5 FIGURE 2:CONCEPTUALSITE PLAN..................................................................................................................... 6 FIGURE 3:YEAR 2017 EXISTING TRAFFICVOLUMES............................................................................................. 8 FIGURE 4:YEAR 2019 BACKGROUNDTRAFFICVOLUMES....................................................................................10 FIGURE 5:YEAR 2040BACKGROUNDTRAFFICVOLUMES....................................................................................11 TABLE 1:PROJECTTRIP GENERATION................................................................................................................13 TABLE2: PROPOSED EAST VAILRESIDENTIALTRIP GENERATION ANALYSIS........................................................13 FIGURE 6: PROJECT-GENERATED DIRECTIONALDISTRIBUTION...........................................................................15 FIGURE 7:PROJECT-GENERATED TRAFFICASSIGNMENT.....................................................................................16 FIGURE 8:YEAR 2019 TOTALTRAFFIC................................................................................................................17 FIGURE 9:YEAR 2040TOTALTRAFFIC................................................................................................................18 TABLE3:AUXILIARY TURN LANE REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................................20 East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 4 1.0 Project Description The East Vail Residential project is proposing a new residential apartment complex. The development will provide both market rate housing and affordable housing to the local workforce. The purpose of this CDOT Level study is to forecast and analyze the impacts of the site's additional trafficvolumes on the surrounding roadway network. This traffic analysis was scoped with both the Town of Vail and CDOT prior to completion. The proposed site is located north and west of the existing 1-70 and East Vail interchange.The site is proposingto take access directlyfromthe north 1-70 Frontage Road. The project location is shown in Figure 1. A conceptual site plan is shown in Figure 2. Figure 1: Vicinity Map �35 164, AM / r r East Vail Residential RevisedMay21, 2019 Pages Figure 2:Conceptual Site Plan N m 0 " D 0 O 0 / rE 6 i A, � E O ul vij w y � / �Na 8 o mW z(92019 TRIUMPH sh..t Date. s,mz,z��g stamp sh��t t�tl� RE��s�ons �]�IUINIP][� &ITEPLAN EAST VAIL OOl Ir fUNIT`' - 5OOTN LATE B1 1CB Projecc No. � � o,ewney r,£F VAIL, OOLOf;-,AE:)O alro57 �. e,o4�eaeeo cneo�a 1y I fEF 2.0 Existing Conditions 2.1 Description of Existing Transportation System North 1-70 Frontage Road:The North 1-70 Frontage Road is a two-lane, paved roadway that parallels the north side of 1-70. This Frontage Road connects East Vail to Main Vail and West Vail, sometimes crossing under 1-70 as a South Frontage Road. In the vicinity of the site, the North 1-70 Frontage Road has a posted speed limit of 25mph eastbound and 45mph westbound. Big Horn Road: Big Horn Road is a paved, two-lane road that connects the residential homes in East Vail to the East Vail 1-70 interchange. The posted speed limit on Big Horn Road is 40mph. 2.2 Traffic Data Collection Existing Traffic Volumes: Existing turning movement counts were collected by McDowell Engineering. Traffic data was collected on Saturday, December 30, 2017 per direction of the Town of Vail Engineer. Turning movement counts were collected from 7:00— 9:00am and 4:00— 6:00pm. This count date and time are considered a seasonal peak for the Town of Vail. The resulting Year 2017 traffic volumes for the weekday morning peak hour and weekday afternoon peak hour are shown in Figure 3. The raw traffic data is also included in the Appendix. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 7 Figure 3: Year2017 Existing Traffic t o o L0/0 2 O 7/1 00 0 0 �71/92 0 0 0 740=:41 Lo 0/0 j 0/0 Mj t r 53/128 2/0 0 rn O ro O N 51/128 3 L 5/26 0 � 4 1 LO T11/65 oulH � t r 0/0 0/0 r PI u kllul��� 0/0 n t 4 0/0 ;4lllllllllllllli0/0 0/0 7/18 4 o ro 1/2 0=0ro N 56/146 ro m rn LEGEND: cD O W L L . . Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) ENGINEERING INE ING AM/PMVolumes=XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) TRnwSFORAav<mw ewUIwgeeura camwau�rnrTv Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: KJS East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO 3.0 Future Traffic Projections 3.1 Existing & Committed Capital Improvement Projects Thereare no existing or committed capital improvement projectsthat will impact this analysis. 3.2 Planned or Existing Land Development Projects There are no planned or existing land development projects in the immediate vicinity. 3.3 Seasonal Adjustment Factor The data collection date and times are considered a seasonal peak for the Town of Vail. Therefore,no seasonal adjustment factor is required for this analysis. 3.4 BackgrounclTrafficGrowth Long-term background growthwas based upon the Town of Vail's historic 1.5%annual growth rate. This is consistent with the Town's latest Vail Master Plan forecast methods. 3.5 Background Traffic Forecasts The resulting peak hour forecasted Year 2019 and forecasted Year 2040 background trafficvolumes can be seen in Figure and Figure5, respectively. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 9 Figure 4: Year2019 Background Traffic t o o L0/0 2 O 7/1 00 0 0 �73/95 0 0 0 740=:41 Lo 0/0 j 0/0 Mj t r 55/132 2/0 0 rn O ro O N 531132 =1 r T1j7i L5/27 �0/1 LOr 11/67 � t r 0/0 0/0 r PI u kllul��� 0/0 n t 4 I 0/0 0/0 7/19 =j t 4 O rn 1/2 0=0o ro N 56/150 o m N pp (Q 'Vlw, LEGEND: cD O W L L . . Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) ENGINEERING INE ING AM/PMVolumes=XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) TRnwSFORAav<mw ewUIwgeeura camwau�rnrTv � t Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: KJS East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO Figure 5:Year204O BackgroundTraffic t o o L0/0 2 0 7/1 0 0 �100/130 0 0 0 740=:41 Lo 0/0 j 0/0 Mj 41 t r 75/180 3/0 0000 o o 72/180 T1j 0 L7/37 LOr15/92 oulH 0/0 � t r 0/0 o r PI u V��III m 0/0 I 4 La �0/0 �1to r 0/0 fl 10/26 MJ t r 4 o a o 791205 v�pp 'Vlw, LEGEND: cD O W L L . . Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) ENGINEERING INE ING AM/PMVolumes=XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) TRnwSFORAav<mu ewUIwgeeura camwau�rnrTv Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: KJS East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO 4.0 ProjectTraffic 4.1 Existing Site Traffic The project site is currently vacant and is not producing any significant traffic. 4.2 Proposed Land Use The proposed development will include up to 73 dwelling units. This includes 31 market rate townhomes and 42 affordable housing apartments. The proposed townhomes will serve a mix of local residents and second homeowners. The apartment units are intended to be affordable for Vail's ski resort and hospitality employees. 4.3 Trip Generation Analysis These dwelling units fall under two separate land use definitions. The market rate townhomes are included in the Institute of Transportation Engineers' (ITE) Trip Generation Manual a land use #221 Multifamily Dwelling Unit. This land use applies whether the units are occupied as primary dwelling units or as second homes. ITE's trip generation rates were utilized for this analysis. The Lions Ridge and Timber Ridge Apartments in Vail have similar characteristics to the proposed affordable housing apartments. They primarily serve work force housing, have similar amenities, and have direct access to Vail's transit system. The site is located within walking and bus proximity to recreation and amenities. Both CDOT and the Town agreed that the trip generation data from the Lions Ridge and Timber Ridge accesses could be applied to the anticipated tripgeneration calculations for this development. 4.4 Multimodal Reduction A 10% multimodal trip reduction was used when calculating the total number of vehicular trips from the market rate townhomes. This reduction was used to accommodate the projected number of transit trips from the site's bus stop to the resort and local businesses. The multimodal reduction for the affordable apartments was intrinsically included in the Lions Ridge and Timber Ridge Apartments observations. Many residents were observed using the adjacent transit stop. 4.5 Site-Generated Traffic The buildout of the site is expected to generate a total of 290 external vehicle trips over the course of an average weekday, including 17 trips during the morning peak hour and 24 tripsduring the afternoon/evening peak hour. Referto Table 1 and Table 2 for trip generation calculations and further breakdown of these trips. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 12 PROJECT NUMBER: M1379 PREPARED BY: KJS C I)O W f;i..i.. DATE: 2019-05-21 As"', N )'N O ( llN. r,-,, REVISED: Table 1: Existing TimberRidge and Lions Ridge Trip Generation Analysis Vail, Colorado Estimated Site-Generated Traffic' Average Morning Peak Hour Evening Peak Hour Trip Generation Rates' Weekday' Inbound Outbound Inbound Outbound Avg. AM PM ITE Code Units z Weekd Peak Peak Trips Trips Trips Trips Trips (VPD) Trips Trips Trips Trips ay Hour Hour Existing Timber Ridge and Lions Ridge 210 DU 3.29 0.21 0.33 690 32% 14 68% 30 54% 37 46% 32 Apartments ObservedTrip Generation 690 14 30 37 32 Table 2:ProposedEast V ailResidential Trip Generation Analysis Vail, Colorado Estimated Site-Generated Traffic' Average Morning Peak Hour Evening Peak Hour Trip Generation Rates' Weekday' Inbound Outbound Inbound Outbound Avg. AM PM ITE Code Units z Weekd Peak Peak Trips Trips Trips Trips Trips (VPD) Trips Trips Trips Trips ay Hour Hour Proposed East Vail Apartments-Workforce Housingl,s 42 DU 3.29 0.21 0.33 138 32% 3 68% 6 54% 7 46% 6 Subtotal 138 3 6 7 6 Proposed East Vail Townhomess-Second 31 DU 5.44 0.32 0.41 169 27% 3 7 3% 7 60% 8 40% 5 Homes°(ITE Land Use 221) Multimodal Reduction -10% -17 0 -1 -1 -1 Subtotal 152 3 6 7 4 Antici ated Trip Generation 290 5 12 14 10 Notes: 1 Values obtained from field counts at the Timber Ridge and Lions Ridge Apartment Accesses during ski season on December 1,2018. z kSF=1,000 Square Feet; DU=Dwelling Units 3 Assumes a dhv of 10%of ADT. °Values obtained from Trip Generation,10th Edition,Institute of Transportation Engineers,2017. 5 Multimodal reductions are intrinsically included in the Timbar Ridge and Lions Ridge trip generation rates. 4.6 Site-Generated Directional Distribution The directional distribution of site-generated traffic on adjacent roadways is influenced by several factors, including the following: • The location of the site relative to other facilities and the roadway network, • The configuration of the existing and proposed adjacent roadway network, • Relative location of neighboring population centers. Within the Town of Vail, it is often easier for residents and employees to take local transit than to drive a personal vehicle and find parking. Google Maps driving directions were used to compare travel times between the site and the closest grocery store,post office,Vail Village,etc. This analysis supported the following project-generated directional distribution: • Eighty percent (80%) of site-generated traffic will originate to/from the 1-70 interchange. Of this traffic,sixty percent(60%)was assumed to originate from the west. Twenty percent(20%)was assumed to come from the east on 1-70. • Twenty percent(20%)of site-generated trafficwill originate to/from the west on the North 1-70 Frontage Road. Figure shows the project generated directional distribution. Per CDOT's request a sensitivity analysis of alternate distribution assumptions were also reviewed assuming a 30%/70%split and 10%/90%split. Referto Section 5.4. 4.7 Site-Generated Traffic Assignment When the trip generation expected for this site is applied to the estimated trip distribution,the result is the anticipated assignment of trips on the roadway system. Figure depicts the trafficassignment. 4.8 Total Traffic For the short term forecasted Year 2019, the background traffic(Figure 4)added to the site-generated traffic(Figure 7)yields the total Year 2019 traffic in Figure . Similarly, for Year 2040, background traffic(Error! Reference source not found.) is added to the site-generated traffic (Figure ) to yield the total Year 2040 traffic in Figure . East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 14 Figure 6:Site-Generated Directional Distribution � o Z L N OJ Lso%(o%) 0 0 ;rz «� 4 1 LO 20%(0%) AAAAj .101 I r Ell 0%(s0%) 0 3 0 0 Leo/(o%) 0 0 �0 0 1 «�l �►r / 4 4 0 o fill .1 t r 4 /l Ell I Intersections: 1.Cooley Mesa Road/Site Access 2.Cooley Mesa Road/Spring Creek Road/Eldon Wilson Road(West Airport Access) 3.Cooley Mesa Road/Buckhorn Valley Blvd./Eldon Wilson Road(East Airport Access) LEGEND: ENGINEERING � � ggg Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) Ey I N E I NG AM/PMVolumes-XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) AAA...... +..� t v L�I:: � t r T�nwr�FRd.R<Amv<m�w Ew��wggmGrvv�. den ap✓au�rw.wA v. Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: KJS East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO Figure 7:Site-Generated Traffic Assignment 1 w rn L4/12 Z o LO/0 0 0 M 4E=0/0 0 0 0 � /00 «�lLOF 1° 1/3 NJ 0/0 Mj t r 0/0 0/0 M o 0 0 0 11/9� � VS o L1/3 M o �0/0 1 41 ter° ° oulH � t r 0/0 0/0 rn o r PI u o ro o kllul��� 0/0 n r 4 0/0 4A A*.r 0/0 3/9 MJ 0/0 LEGEND: ry� � E Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) ELL M y I N E I NG AM/PMVolumes-XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) AAA...... +..W.t LLR..' T�anwr�F�.R<Aav<m�w.ew��wgereurr ra cam.�w�au�rn.rr a v. Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: US East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO Figure 8:Year2019 TotalTraffic 1 N rn L4/12 2 o 7/1 0 0 m �73/95 o O O 740=:41 LO 1/3 NJ 0/0 Mj 55/132 2/0 0 o O ro O N 64/141 � � VL L6/30 11/67 t r 0/0 0/0 ro r PI u 0/0 a kllul��� n t 4 0/0 O �1 l�� 0/0 10/28 MJ 1/2 0=0ro N 58/150 a m o LEGEND: cD O W L L . . Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) ENGINEERING INE ING AM/PMVolumes=XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) TRnwSFORAav<mw ewUIwgeeura camwau�rnrTv Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: KJS East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO Figure 9:Year204O T otalTraffic 1 w rn L4/12 2 o 7/1 0 0 m �100/130 0 0 0 740=:41 Lo 1/3 NJ 0/0 Mj 75/180 3/0 0 a _ 0 83/189 0 VL L8/40 �0/1 r15/92 t r 0/0 0/0 0/0 r PI u V��III m I I L 0/0 0/0 13/35 MJ 4 j,j,ffJ'f 1/2 0=0o N a 1 791205 v�pp 'Vlw, LEGEND: cD O W L L . . Directional Distribution=Inbound%(Outbound%) ENGINEERING INE ING AM/PMVolumes=XX/XXVPH(In PCEs) TRnwSFORAav<mw ewUIwgeeura camwau�rnrTv Project Number: M1379 Turning Movements Prepared by: KJS East Vail Residential May 21,2019 Vail,CO 5.0 Transportation Impact Analysis 5.1 Site Design and Traffic Circulation Evaluation The conceptual site plan (Figure) depicts the site's proposed access to the North 1-70 Frontage Road. The proposed site access is located on the northwest corner of the site and meets the minimum access spacing distance of 400 feet per Section 4.4 and Table 4-1 of the Access Code. Internal circulation has been designed to accommodate two-way traffic and backing motions from parking stalls. 5.2 Multi Modal Connectivity The applicant is currently working with the Town of Vail staff to determine a new bus stop location and layout at the northwest corner of the site on the frontage road. Multimodal connection details such as paths and sidewalks will be determined with Town of Vail staff as the project develops. 5.3 Auxiliary Turn Lane Requirements Turn lane storage is determined by CDOT'S State HighwayAccess Code. Based upon each roadway's posted speed limits and projected Year 2040 traffic volumes, additional auxiliary turn lanes will not be required. Referto Table 3. North 1-70 Frontage Road & Site Access: The anticipated traffic volumes at the site access do not warrant the need for construction of auxiliary turn lanes at the site access. North 1-70 Frontage Road & Big Horn Road: No additional auxiliary turn lanes are required at this intersection. 1-70 Westbound Ramps & Big Horn Road: No additional auxiliary turn lanes are required at this intersection. 1-70Eastbound Ramps& Big Horn Road: No additional auxiliaryturn lanes are required at this intersection. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 19 Table 3:AuxiliaryTurn Lane Requirements Posted SHAC Year2017 Year2019 Year2040 Year2019 Year2040 Access Existing BG BG Total Total Existing Code Speed Trigger TriggerYear& # Intersection Mvmt urn Required T Limit Volume Condition (MPH) (VPH) AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM AM PM Lane Turn Lane' North l-70 EBL 25 >25 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 3 1 3 None None Frontage WBR 45 >25 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 11 4 11 None None EBR 25 >50 51 128 53 132 72 180 63 140 82 188 None None EBR is major movement. North l-70 WBL 25 >25 3 5 3 5 4 7 3 5 4 7 None None 2 Frontage Existing 60'NBL is Road&Big maximum available NBL 40 >25 69 i91 71 94 97 129 i75 105 101 144 None Yes Horn Road distance between intersections. NBR 40 >50 2 8 2 8 3 11 1 2 8 3 1 11 1 None None Existing 125'NBL is 1-70 maximum available 3 Westbound NBL 40 >25 139 125 143 129 195 176 143 129 195 176 None Yes distance with back to Ramps&Big back turn lanes to Horn Road ramps. SBR 40 >50 5 15 5 15 7 21 12 21 1 14 27 1 None None NBR 40 >50 35 28 36 29 49 40 36 29 49 40 None None 1-70 Existing 125'SBL is 4 Eastbound maximum available Ramps&Big SBL 40 >25 12 38 12 39 16 53 14 41 18 55 None Yes distance with back to Horn Road back turn lanes to ramps. Based upon State Highway Access Code requirements for an R-Aroadway with posted speed of 45mph. EBL=Eastbound left,EBR=Eastbound right,WBL=Westbound left,WBR=Westbound right,NBL=Northbound left,NBR=Northbound right,SBL=Southbound left, SBR=Southbound right Triggered by State Highway Access Code Volumes 5.4 Sensitivity Analysis A sensitivity analysis was performed for directional distribution shift of 10%in either direction of the original analysis. Based upon this analysis, there is no change in the turn lane recommendations. 5.5 Site Access Sight Distance The proposed site access to the North Frontage Road has sight distance in either direction that exceeds the 450' requirement per Table 4-2 of the Access Code. 5.6 State Highway Access Permit The proposed development will require a new State Highway Access Permit for the site access onto CDOT's North 1-70 Frontage Road. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 20 6.0 Recommendations and Conclusions The East Vail Residential project is proposing a new residential apartment complex. The development will provide both market rate housing and affordable housing to the local workforce. The purpose of this CDOT Level study is to forecast and analyze the impacts of the site's additional trafficvolumes on the surrounding roadway network. This traffic analysis was scoped with both the Town of Vail and CDOT prior to completion. Site Accessand Circulation:Thesite is proposingtotake access directlyfromthe north 1-70 Frontage Road. Sight distance meets the minimum spacing sight distance requirements per CDOT's5tate HighwayAccess Code. Trip Generation: The buildout of the site is expected to generate a total of 290 external vehicle trips over the course of an average weekday, including 17 trips during the morning peak hour and 24 trips during the afternoon/evening peak hour. Auxiliary Turn Lane Requirements: No additional auxiliary turn lane construction is required. State Highway Access Permit: The project will require a new State Highway Access Permit for the proposed North 1-70 Frontage Road access. Transportation Recommendations: Based upon the analysis and recommendations presented in this report,the East Vail Residential Apartments are anticipated to be successfully incorporated into the Town of Vail's roadway network. East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 21 7.0 Appendix Reference Documents 1. State HighwayAccess Code.State of Colorado, 2002. 2. CDOTOTIS Data. http://dtdapps.coloradodot.inf%tis Included Documents 1. Scoping Form 2. 2017 Existing Traffic Counts East Vail Residential RevisedMay 21, 2019 Page 22 is Traffic Study Scoping Form CDOWELL ENGINEERINGLIC 9".0-tco-O C—s—t-16 Contact Information Consultant Name: Mcf)owefl F"ng nce6ng Tele: 970 623 0788 E-mail: Developer/Owner Name: Fdurnph 1Xn,,ck)Pr11cn[ Project Information (Attach proposedsiteplan.) Project Name: as[v ad R,cSk]cf'W Project Location: 3700 tNor[h Fron�ag,,c R oad W cs[,Vad. 11'arcell ft 2101 024 03 001 Project Description: Application type(rezoning, subdivision),acreage,new or re- development,etc. Existing/Proposed ITE Code #unitsor Existing/Proposed ITE Code #unitsor Existing/Proposed ITE Code #unitsor Land Uses Size Land Uses Size Land Uses Size Apartrinenk ft221 �43 IPleaseattach Trip Generation Summarytablef orlargeor mixeduse projects. Assumptions Study Horizons Current Year: 2018 Buildout Year: 2019 Long Term Year: 2040 Study Area Boundaries North: tNor[h Fron[agc Road South: 1 70 F1'asd)ound R anips (Attach map if East: I lorn R oad West: Sn[c Access needed.) Intersections to be 1. All site entrances 6. Evaluated (Attach map if 2. R d A',,ll,ug 1 7. needed.) 3. ll,g 1 lorn A',,1 70 Wusflxxfnd Ramps 8. 4. ll,g 1 lorn A',,1 70 EaOxwnd Ramps 9. 5. 10. Trip Distribution See attachedsketch. Trip Reductions* Internal Use: 0 % Pass By Use: 0 % Capture Multi- Nodal Use: 25 % Use: % !*Include in Trip Generation table if provided. Submit calculations based upon ITE's Trip Generation Handbook. Page 1 of 2 Mc Dowell Engineering Traffic Study Scoping Form Assumptions(continued) Anticipated Future Traffic Growth Rates Study Time Periods � AM(7-9) i uedupon nuk'u;o6c s.8su[a... (Describe (Check all that methodology.) apply) PM(4 6) ❑ SAT(noon) ❑ Other: Other Factors (Proposed/assumed transportation Couuouu;swer^cofly,a.u,ed �uu Decerrube2017wk,nus.8ou•c¢[k.)nfroriu[he ll'aswnofV°ud and CUO1'. improvements,other studies,nearby proposed developments,etc.) Analysis Methods& FA Synchro Issues ❑ HCS (Check all that apply.) ❑ aaSidra or Rodel E] Intersections ❑ Roadway Sections ❑ Signal Warrants 0 Safety/Sight Distance V Queuing&Storage FZ/ CDOT(Access Permit,etc.) EM Identify Bicycle,Pedestrian&Transit Accommodations ❑ TDM ❑ Neighborhood Impacts ❑ Other: Attachments,Notes,&Other Assumptions: Signed: ,. Review Agency: (Applicant or Consultant) Department: Print Name: 1 su6 Ida Dauwcfl Schroeder, 1111,1,II1'1'01" Signed: (Applicant or Consultant) Print Name: Date: 11/ll ,/2018 Date: Page 2 of 2 10-20% on N. Frontage Rd. �m� rd� imdo� i� mrrix�r d�u�n �r�,ry ti�yymry+t�i�aur�ruayw 70 80%on I-70 � '��a�a'�°s JdMi��' III 4 5 a 24� asY Meadow 1p�uaa •� llr d u an. rmy ��7��9Xl�'IXlryy//uWY�ryjNClXGCfpr/�i �G��y<�"�77.IIm17Y7ni.T1'�'� ,�, h;y rcyl"'I �o Nlpiriat, r A w M Intersection:N.FRONTAGE RD&LIONS RIDGE APARTMENT COMPLEX LUcat on VA I L,CO LORA DO Traffic Data Collector Date:SAT UP DAY,DECEMBER 1,2018 L of Weather SNOWING IC d q,h1 ryT ry N Frontage Rd N Frontage Rd N/A Lions Ridge Apt Compl ex Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Time rT Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik SWL SWR NEL NER SEL SER NWL NWR 7:OOAM o 0 0 0 0 14 4 z 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 3 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 7:15AM 1 0 0 0 o z6 2 1 z o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7:30AM 0 0 0 0 0 24 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 15 2 z o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7:45 AM 1 0 0 0 0 35 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 8:OOAM 1 0 0 1 0 31 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 8:15 AM 2 0 0 1 0 31 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 8:30AM 0 0 0 1 0 47 3 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 3 1 0 o z o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 4 0 8:45 AM 0 0 0 1 0 54 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 Overall Intersection:(8:00-9:OOAM) Total S 0 0 4 0 262 26 11 8 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 200 23 12 2 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 10 0 Peak Hour Total 3 0 0 4 0 163 12 5 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 113 11 5 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 S 0 0 10 0 Peak Hour Total 3 vph 4 pph 1 180 vph 5 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 129 vph 2 pph 3 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 4 pph 0 vph 0 pph S vph 10 pph Access Movements Onl y:(8:00-9:OOAM) Total 1 5 0 0 4 0 6 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 4 0 9 0 0 10 0 Peak Hour Total 3 0 0 4 0 3 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 4 0 5 0 0 10 0 Peak Hour Total 3 vph 4 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 3 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 4 pph 0 vph 0 pph S vph 10 pph Total.Peak H9Ur VBhlcle Traffroatlntersecon 331 vph Total Peak Hour Reds/elkes at late—aon 2s pph Total Peak Hour Trafftc{AII Modes)4 ntersectlon 3s6 pph PB—rtage Peak H..r Tnlcksat lntBrs"ecbon 65 Yo Peak oUr Factor o.8s L 3 F4 -� �2 FL05 0 11 � 12900 4 i i r 0 j 70 3 J ■ t r I t 0 � t 180 y 0 0 0 4 0 0 � 0 0 0 0 q 5 4- 0 p ml Peak Hour Data(Cars&Trucks) Peak Hour Pedestrian Data Peak Hour 6ky.I eData Intersection:N.FRONTAGE RD&LIONS RIDGE APARTMENT COMPLEX Loca Bon:VA I L,COLORADO If Traffic Data Collection Date:SAT UP DAY,DECEMBER I,2018 a l Weather SNOWING tDC)WILI. IIGIi V MF A I N V.Y",I"r N C 1 N Frontage Rd N Frontage Rd N/A Lions Ridge Apt Compl ex Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Time Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik SWL SWR NEL NER SEL SER NWL NWR 2:00 PM 1 0 0 1 0 29 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s2 2 2 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2:15 PM 0 0 0 0 o 11 4 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o sz s z 1 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o z o o z o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o z o 2:30 PM 3 0 0 0 0 32 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o fie 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2:45 PM 0 0 0 0 0 3] 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4] 4 2 1 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3:00 PM 4 0 0 2 0 30 3 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 300 1 4 1 0 s 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3:15 PM 4 0 0 2 0 2s 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1fi4 fi 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 3:30 PM 1 0 0 0 0 48 s 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 4 z o 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 3:45 PM 2 0 0 s 0 31 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 91 1 3 0 2 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 M 313fi328 4 2 0 ] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 0 0 0 003] 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 3 0 31 32 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 r2311 3 0 0 2 0 3fi 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ]fi4 30 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 3] 32 ]8 3 2 0 0 330 0 2 0 2 0 0 1 0 27 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 59 s 3 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Overall Intersection:(3:00-4:OOPM) Total 28 0 0 1] 0 4]1 43 20 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1089 56 34 S 2 40 0 0 10 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 29 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 22 0 0 9 0 Peak Hour Total 11 0 0 9 0 142 1S ] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 46S 1] 13 1 2 9 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 0 0 3 0 Peak Hour Total 11 vph 9 pph 1 164 vph 1 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 495 vph 3 pph 1 9 vph S pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 10 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 6 vph 3 pph Access Movements Onl y:(3:15-4:15PM) Total 1 28 0 0 17 0 1 1 40 0 0 10 1 29 1 0 3 0 22 0 0 9 0 E Peak Hour Total 10 0 0 8 0 11 0 0 1 1 9 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 S 0 Peak Hour Total 10 vph 8 pph 1 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 2 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 9 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 9 vph S pph Total Peak Hour Vehicle Trafficat Intersection 695 vph Total Peak Hour Pede/.Bikesat lnterceenan 21 pph Total Peak Hour Traffrc(AII Modes)at Intersection ]16 pph Percentage Peak Hour(Truckset Intersection 45 % Peak Hour Factor 0.82 L 9 o �1FL 6 0 10 � 4957: 2 41 iiti» r 0 11j � tr t t O � t 114 y 0 0 0 9 0 0 * 0 0 0 o 1 y o o Peak Hour Data(Cars&Trucks) Peak Hour Pedestrian Data Peak Hour 6iryc1 eData Intersection:N.FRONTAGE RD&TIMBER RIDGE APARTMENT COMPLEX Loca Bon:VA I L,CO LORA DO Traffic Data Collection Date:SAT UP DAY,DECEMBER 1,2018 L of Weather SNOWING IC d q,h1 ryT ry N Frontage Rd N Frontage Rd N/A Timber Ridge Apt Cori ex Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Time rT Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik SWL SWR NEL NER SEL SER NWL NWR 7:OOAM o 0 0 0 0 14 4 z o 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 7:15AM 1 0 0 0 o z6 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 ] o 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 7:30AM 3 0 0 0 0 21 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 7:45 AM 1 0 0 0 0 32 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 8:OOAM 1 0 0 0 0 2] 5 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 8:15 AM 2 0 0 0 0 34 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 21 2 2 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 14 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 8:30AM 1 0 0 0 0 42 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 8:45 AM 2 0 0 0 0 54 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3] 3 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Overall Intersection:(8:00-9:OOAM) Total 11 0 0 0 0 250 26 11 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 205 22 12 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 S] 0 0 0 0 0 0 20 0 0 1 0 Peak Hour Total 6 0 0 0 0 15] 12 S 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 116 10 S 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 0 0 1 0 Peak Hour Total 6 vph 0 pph 1 114 vph 1 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 131 vph 1 pph 2 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 3 vph 32 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 1 pph Access Movements Onl y:(8:00-9:OOAM) Total 1 11 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 9 0 0 S] 0 20 0 0 1 0 Peak Hour Total 6 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 32 0 11 0 0 1 0 Peak Hour Total 6 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 2 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 3 vph 32 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 1 pph Total Peak Hour VehiclBTrafficat Intersection 327 vph Total Peak Hour Pede/BikesatlntersecnOn 3S pph Total Peak Hour Traff(c(All Modes)at Intersection 362 pph Percentage Peak Houk Trucks at Intersection PookHour Factor 0.84 7�4= 1 � �1FLO11 0 3 r3l � 0 i � j1 0 6 ■ r I t 0 � it 174 y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p ml Peak Hour Data(Cars&Trucks) Peak Hour Pedestrian Data Peak Hour Birycl eData Intersection:N.FRONTAGE RD&TIMBER RIDGE APARTMENT COMPLEX Loca Bon:VA I L,CO LORA DO Traffic Data Collection Date:SAT UP DAY,DECEMBER 1,2018 L oI Weather SNOWING IC d q,h1 ryT ry N Frontage Rd N Frontage Rd N/A Timber Ridge Apt Cori ex Eastbound Westbound Northbound Southbound Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Left Thru Right Time rT Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik Car Trk Bus Ped Bik SWL SWR NEL NER SEL SER NWL NWR 2:00 PM 2 0 0 0 0 29 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s3 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2:15 PM 2 0 0 0 o v 4 z 1 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o so s 2 1 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2:30 PM 3 0 0 0 0 32 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 14 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 2:45 PM 1 0 0 0 0 3] 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 s0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 3:00 PM 1 0 0 0 0 33 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 1 4 0 0 1 0 0 s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3:15 PM 0 0 0 0 0 31 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 114 fi 4 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3:30 PM 1 1 0 0 0 4s 4 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 110 4 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 3:45 PM 3 0 0 0 0 31 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 90 4 3 0 2 4 0 0 10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 M 33932sfi 2 4 0 02 00s0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0100000000100002 0 0 0 0 3] 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o n s 110 0 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00000 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 10 0 0 0 32 32 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 fit 31 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 3fi 2 11000000000 ]] 4 3 0 0 2 0 0 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3423932 ]s 3 2110 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 s o 0 0 0 2s 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 61 s 3 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 Overall Intersection:(3:15-4:15PM) Total 28 1 0 0 0 483 41 20 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1104 53 33 3 2 17 1 0 ]3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 16 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 3 0 0 0 Peak Hour Total ] 1 0 0 0 153 14 ] 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 450 16 13 0 2 9 0 0 19 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 6 S 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Peak Hour Total 8 vph 0 pph 1 174 vph 1 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 1 479 vph 2 pph 9 vph 19 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph S vph 0 pph Access Movements Onl y:(3:15-4:15PM) Total 1 28 1 0 0 0 17 1 0 ]3 0 16 19 0 0 0 24 3 0 0 0 Peak Hour Total ] 1 0 0 0 9 0 0 19 0 6 S 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 Peak Hour Total 8 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 9 vph 19 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph 11 vph 0 pph 0 vph 0 pph S vph 0 pph Total Peak Hour Vehicle Trafflcat Intersection 686 vph Total Peak Hour Peds/Bikesat Intersection 22 pph Total Peak Hour TrafP(e(AII Modes)at Intersection ]O8 pph Percentage Peak Hour Trucksat Intersection ss % PookHour Factor 0.82 7�4= 479 �oFL �5 0 11 ro 7: 2 4 ii l 0 8 j ■ t r I t O � t 174 y 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 p ml Peak Hour Data(Cars&Trucks) Peak Hour Pedestrian Data Peak Hour Birycl eData f p/ `................ .......... a ............ ...... 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Pill Tirlurniphi Devekopment J/o/W hriwnphdnv�(oln August 20, 2019 Mr.Jonathan Spence Town of Vail Planning Department 75 S. Frontage Road Vail, CO 81657 Re: Booth Heights PEC and Staff Development Plan Revision Summary DearJonathan, Outlined below please find a description of the plan modifications to the Booth Heights Development Plan Application that we have made based on Staff and PEC review. These updates have been prepared forthe next PEC meeting on 8.26.19. A.002: Development Program Summary Table has been modified to the revised from 73 units to 61 unites, including 30 multifamily units. Townhome unit count has not changed. A.100 and A.101: Floorplans of the apartment buildings have been adjusted to show a total of 30 units which is a combination of 18 two-bedroom units and 12 four-bedroom units. All units are less than 2,000 square feet. The parking requirement forthese 30 apartments is 60 total spaces which have been provided forthe apartments A.900: Added a four-bedroom floorplan to this Unit Plan sheet. L100 and L101: Added landscaping at the proposed new bus stop to provided more landscape buffering. Also added designated smoking areas on at the bottom of the stairs between Building 1 and Building 2, as well as Building 2 and Building 3. L104: Adjusted the caliper of the aspen trees to 2" minimum required by the Town's design guidelines. C6.0: No Changes. Mistakenly uploaded a file incorrectly. The most recent file was the file submitted forthe 8/12/19 PEC Meeting C8.0: Alternate 5-foot wide path to the existing East Vail bus stop including retaining wall height details and landing areas at each switchback. This path is less than 5% grade as a required forADA access. P.970.688.5057 12 Vail Road,Suite 700,Vail,CO 81657 Tirlurniphi Devekopment J/o/W hriwnphdnv�(oln August 6, 2019 Mr. Chris Neubecker Town of Vail Planning Department 75 S. Frontage Road Vail, CO 81657 Re: Booth Heights PEC and Staff Development Plan Revision Summary Dear Chris, Outlined below please find a description of the plan modifications to the Booth Heights Development PI an Application that we have made based on Staff and PEC review of the plan. A.000 Revised Sheet Index A.002 Program Summary: Revised Program Summary with new square footage and GRFA totals with more than 70%of the total proposed GRFA as Employee Housing Units. Please note that we are proposing the bus stop requested by publ ic works for pedestrian and vehicul arsafety. See proposed sequence of construction from west to east which wil I be required to maintain at least a 70% EHU 30% Dwel I ingUnit spl it as buil clings receive certificate of occupancy throughout construction. A.004 Landscape Coverage: See new landscape coverage tabulations which total 57% of the Housing District Parcel. A.005 Snow Storage Diagram: See new snow storage coverage tabulations including removal of areas above retaining wal Is. Snow storage areas total 37% as shown with additional potential storage at the southwest cornerof the apartment park lot and the far east end of the townhomes. A.006 Parking Diagram: See new parking diagram with parking for apartments increased from 45 to 60 spaces and total spaces increased from 139 to 156 spaces. The ratio for parking at the apartments is 1.43 spaces per unit which is higherthan the two most recently developed local� apartments at Lions Ridge (1.35:1) and First Chair(1:1), and higher than the observed parking usage at several Vail local� housing complexes as noted in Triumph's 7.22.19 PEC Presentation. At the project level,the development also meets the Town's required parking ratios. These totals are also in excess of what Vail Resorts experiences from its other employees. With this precedent, the applicant believesthis parking ratio is more than adequate for a rental project that can be control ledthrough leases and with a parking management plan. See table below. P.970.688.5057 12 Vail Road,Suite 700,Vail,CO 81657 TOV Code TOV Code Parking Units Units GRFA Pkg/Unit Parking Proposed Ratio EHU- Downhill TH A-2BR 8 1,300 2.0 16.0 EHU- Downhill TH B-3BR 7 1,600 2.0 14.0 EHU- Uphill TH A-2BR 2 1,315 2.0 4.0 EHU- Uphill TH B-3BR 2 1,780 2.0 4.0 DU -TH B-3BR 6 1,950 2.0 12.0 DU -THA-3BR 6 2,110 2.5 15.0 Townhouse Total 31 65.0 96 3.10 EHU- Multifamily-2BR 42 835 2.0 84.0 ApartmentTotal 42 84.0 60 1.43 Tota 1 73 149.0 156 2.14 A.007 Lighting Plan: Added light at the new bus stop and included pole height detail. A.009 Building Height Diagram: See revised building height diagram. A.100 through A.102 MultifamilyGRFA Plan: See revised garden level basement design that was revised to take into account existing grades and excavation efficiencies. See revised GRFA table with new square footages. A.110 through A.112 Multifamily Elevations: See revised elevations that incl ude steps between Buildings 1, 2 and 3 to account for proposed grade. Elevations include future solar locations on southern exposure. A.200 through A.210 Market Rate GRFA Plan and Elevations: See revised drawings and elevationsfor revised market rate unit buildings Athrough C. The size of the market rate units was decreased to make the 70% EHU /30% Market Rate GRFA splits correct. Added separate GRFA total sheets for Building A, B and C and adjusted square footage totals forthe above. Future solarlocations on the south facing roofs have been added. A.300 and A.310 Deed-restricted Townhome (Uphill)GRFA Plan and Elevations: See revised drawings and elevations for Building D. The size of the end units were adjusted slightly The roof colorwas adjusted to match the other building and the garage door colorwas changed at the recommendation of staff. Future solar locations on the south facing roofs have been added. A.400 through A.415 Deed-restricted Townhome (Downhill)GRFA Plans and Elevations: See revised drawings and elevations for Buildings E through H. Added separate GRFA total sheets for Building E, F www.triumphdev.com G and H. Garage door co I or was adjusted at the request of staff. Added anew e I evationforun it H which is on I ythree units which was not detai I ed in the initial submission. Future so I a r I ocations on the south facing roofs have been added. A.490 Typical Window Trim Details: Added sheet at the request of staff. A.500 through A.512: Added project level elevations and renderings at PEC's request. A.600 through A.603: Added site sections at PEC's request. A.951 through A.960: Added sheets with clumpsters and bus stop design details. Added a note clarifying all trash fortownhomes must be kept the units' garage. C2.0 Site Layout: See revised site layoutwhich includesthe relocated bus stop to the option that is preferred by publicworks at the west end of the site and new parking lot configuration increasingthe parking count as discussed above. Applicant has not proposed a path along the frontage road due to wil dl ife recommendations and lackof paths or sidewalksto the east and the west. C3.0 Grading and Drainage P Ian West: Adjusted entrance and added bus stop at the west of the site. Adjusted location of access to the Katsos Ranch Rd. rockfall berm. Added and modified retaining walls at the northeast parkingto create perpendicular parking spaces. Adjusted access to the garden level apartments to adjust retaining wallsaway from the property line and create opportunities to preserve trees. C3.1 Grading and Drainage Plan West: Shifted uphilITH units to the west slightlyaway from steep grade. Added details on retaining wall grading in the front setbackat the landscape stairs to the current bus stop to the east and confirmed that all are lessthan 3' allowedin the front setback. C4.0 Prelim Storm SewerWest: Adjusted storm drainage routing and plan at the location of the old bus stop. Adjusted storm drainage above the proposed rockfall retention berm. C4.1 Prelim Storm Sewer East: Adjusted storm drainage routing from the TH road. Adjusted storm drainage above the proposed rockfall retention berm. C5.0 through C7.0 Misc. Civil Drawings: Minor adjustments to utilities and construction stormwater plan due to revised building locations. 1-0.0 Existing Tree Removal Plan—Adjusted tree removal plan so that trees outside property lines will not be removed, as wel I as trees in front of the adjusted retaining wallsat Building 2 and 3. www.triumphdev.com 1-1.0 through 1.2 Landscape Drawings: Adjusted landscaping for revised site plan and bus stop. Added landscape buffering at the northwest cornerof the site. Added Landscape buffering at the proposed bus stop. Removal of the wildlifefence at the recommendation of TOV's wildlifebiologists. Added note to include native shrubs only in the landscaping of the new rockfall berm. L1.3 Park Enlargement Plan: Replaced gas with charcoal grill. Replacedgas fire pit with casual seating area. 1-1.4. Adjusted planttypes includingtrees and grass seeding types based on staff recommendations. www.triumphdev.com