HomeMy WebLinkAbout2024-02-06 Agenda and Supporting Documentation Town Council Afternoon Meeting1.Call to Order
2.Joint Meeting with Vail Local Housing Authority (45 min.)
2.1 Joint Town Council & Vail Local Housing Authority
Meeting Agenda
1. Engaging Vail Home Partners
2. Roles & Responsibilities
3. Opportunities & Solutions
4. Regional Collaboration, Public/Private Partnerships, &
Public/Public Partnerships
5. Tools, Resources, & Funding
3.Presentation/Discussion
3.1 Car Share Program Update - Vail and Avon 30 min.
Listen to presentation and provide feedback.
Presenter(s): Kristen Bertuglia, Director of Environmental
Sustainability
Background: Please see memo.
4.DRB/PEC (5 min.)
4.1 DRB/PEC Update
5.Information Update
5.1 December 4, 2023 AIPP Meeting Minutes
5.2 December 12, 2023 VLHA Minutes
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL MEETING
Afternoon Session Agenda
Town Council Chambers and virtually by Zoom
Zoom Meeting Link: https://vail.zoom.us/webinar/register/WN_rrnW9U22T56YDOpBoM6_PA
2:15 PM, February 6, 2024
Notes:
Times of items are approximate, subject to change, and cannot be relied upon to determine what time
Council will consider an item.
2024 Housing Strategic Planning Worksession Memorandum 02062024.docx
Memo to Town Council - Carsharing Update.pdf
Impact-report-Car-sharing-in-Belgium-in-2022.pdf
EV Car Share Presentation.pdf
23 - CCS Proposal - Eagle County Regional Car Share Program (2).pdf
DRB Results 1-17-24.pdf
PEC Results 1-22-24.pdf
December 4, 2023 - Minutes.pdf
2023-12-12 VLHA Minutes.pdf
1
5.3 January 18, 2024 VLMDAC Regular Meeting and January
19, 2024 VLMDAC Special Meeting Minutes
5.4 January 2024 Revenue Update
6.Matters from Mayor, Council, Town Manager and Committee Reports (20 min.)
7.Executive Session (60 min.)
Executive Session pursuant to:
C.R.S. §24-6-402(4)(a) to consider the purchase, acquisition, lease, transfer or sale of any
real, personal or other property interest, §24-6-402(4)(e) to determine positions relative to
matters that may be subject to negotiations, develop a strategy for negotiations and instruct
negotiators and on the topic of potential real property sale and acquisitions by the Town.
8.Recess 4:55pm (estimate)
VLMDAC special meeting minutes January 19, 2024.pdf
VLMDAC meeting minutes January 18, 2024.pdf
240206 Revenue Update.pdf
Meeting agendas and materials can be accessed prior to meeting day on the Town of Vail website
www.vailgov.com. All town council meetings will be streamed live by High Five Access Media and
available for public viewing as the meeting is happening. The meeting videos are also posted to High
Five Access Media website the week following meeting day, www.highfivemedia.org.
Please call 970-479-2136 for additional information. Sign language interpretation is available upon
request with 48 hour notification dial 711.
2
AGENDA ITEM NO. 2.1
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
SUBMITTED BY:Steph Johnson, Housing
ITEM TYPE:Main Agenda
AGENDA SECTION:Joint Meeting with Vail Local Housing Authority (45 min.)
SUBJECT:Joint Town Council & Vail Local Housing Authority Meeting
Agenda
SUGGESTED ACTION:1. Engaging Vail Home Partners
2. Roles & Responsibilities
3. Opportunities & Solutions
4. Regional Collaboration, Public/Private Partnerships, &
Public/Public Partnerships
5. Tools, Resources, & Funding
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
2024 Housing Strategic Planning Worksession Memorandum 02062024.docx
3
To:Vail Home Partners
From:George Ruther, Housing Director
Vail Local Housing Authority
Date:February 6, 2024
Subject:Joint Vail Town Council/ Vail Local Housing Authority Strategic Planning
Afternoon Worksession
I.Purpose
The purpose of this memorandum is to outline topics for a strategic planning worksession
with Vail Home Partners. A key component of the presentation will be a strategic look
forward into 2024 and beyond for delivering on housing in the Vail community.
II.Topics for Discussion
The Vail Local Housing Authority and the Vail Town Council, collaborating as Vail Home
Partners, have realized substantial success in delivering housing results in the Vail
community. Much of the success is attributed to thoughtful and strategic planning on
behalf of the partners. Since adoption of the 2027 Vail Housing Strategic Plan and
inception of the Town’s Housing Department, the Vail community has realized a 54%
increase in the total number of deed-restricted homes available for year-round and
seasonal residents. Today, more than 1,050 deed-restricted homes are built or under
construction in Vail. The Vail community is well on the way of realizing its adopted goal
of acquiring 1,000 net new deed restrictions by the year 2027.
Looking forward to 2024 and beyond, five themes are likely to drive housing successes
into the coming years. Those themes focus on the following:
1)Engaging Vail Home Partners
2) Roles and Responsibilities
3)Opportunities and Solutions
4)Regional Collaboration, Public/Private Partnerships, and Public/Public
Partnerships
5) Tools, Resources, and Funding
4
Town of Vail Page 2
1). Engaging Vail Home Partners
Vail Home Partners has served as a collaborative partnership between the Vail Town
Council and the Vail Local Housing Authority. Born out of the Vail Housing 2027 Strategic
Plan, the Town Council and the Housing Authority realized that to achieve the adopted of
1,000 new deed restrictions by the year 2027, a fundamentally different approach to
housing decision-making and implementation was needed. The new approach, one
which is more collaborative, proactive in nature, entrepreneurial, and partner-oriented,
has since been implemented.
In many ways, this collaborative and entrepreneurial approach is unique to Vail and has
served as a model of efficiency and effectiveness in delivering housing solutions for the
Vail community. Both the approach and relationship, and the resulting alignment they’ve
achieved, are now being replicated in other communities across the country.
Examples of Vail Homes Partners’ work include:
Vail Housing 2027 Plan
2018 Housing Policy Statements
2019 Economic Values and Community Benefits of the Town’s Investment in
Deed-Restricted Homes
Chamonix Vail Townhomes
Development Review Process and Zoning Reform Initiative
Vail InDEED Deed Restriction Purchase Program
2). Roles and Responsibilities
The Vail Local Housing Authority and the Town of Vail Housing Department bring value
to the Vail Town Council’s ability to delivering housing solutions for the Vail community.
This value should be maintained and expanded when and where appropriate. For
instance, the Vail Local Housing Authority should continue to be looked upon for expertise
and advice on housing-related matters. Their role could be expanded to include
ownership of assets and issuance of debt where applicable.
The value of the Vail Local Housing Authority and the Housing Department include:
Knowledgeable and experienced staff with years of institutional knowledge
Well-established relationships with local, regional, and private-sector partners
Proven and demonstrated track record of delivering on housing success
Team of experts within their fields and profession on the Vail Local Housing
Authority
Technical expertise, knowledge, and well-rounded experience in real estate
development, finance, and implementation of housing solutions
Information and data collection (i.e. ehu occupancy survey)
5
Town of Vail Page 3
3). Opportunities and Solutions
The coming years are filled with new opportunities to advance the Town’s adopted
housing goal. Consistent with Vail’s “all of the above” approaches to delivering on
housing, which includes developments, programs, and initiatives, the following
opportunities and solutions exist to increase the supply of deed-restricted homes in the
coming years:
DeveIopments
In town:
East Vail CDOT parcel (15 to 20 homes)
Public Works facility (130 to 150 homes)
West Middle Creek (270 homes)
Civic Area (TBD)
Cascade tennis court site (TBD)
Timber Ridge Village Apartments (290 homes)
West Vail neighborhoods (TBD)
West Vail Commercial Area (TBD)
United States Postal Service site (TBD)
Out of town:
Eagle-Vail State Land Board parcel (Phase I - 75 to 90 homes)
Programs
Vail InDEED Deed Restriction Purchase Program
Vail InDEED Buydown Program
Town of Vail Internal Housing Program
Long-term Rental Property Owner Incentives
EHU Exchange amendments
Initiatives
Amend commercial linkage, inclusionary zoning, and residential linkage
Regional Housing Action Plan
Vail Housing 2027 Plan update
Vail Home Partners Housing Subcommittee
Remote working policy deed restriction qualifications
No Net Loss of Rental Homes
4). Regional Collaboration, Public/Private Partnerships, and Public/Public Partnerships
Vail Home Partners has relied heavily upon collaboration and partnerships in its pursuit
of increasing the supply of deed restricted homes for Vail residents. To that end, for
instance, the Vail Town Council has directed amendments to the development review
6
Town of Vail Page 4
process and zoning regulation reform to foster an environment which is more favorable
to private sector partnerships and involvement in housing solutions. This approach is in
direct response to the adopted housing policy statements.
Through Vail Home Partners, the Vail Local Housing Authority
5). Tools, Resources and Funding
In 2018, the Vail Town Council, in collaboration with the Vail Local Housing Authority,
adopted 10 Housing Statements. Each of these statements is intended to articulate the
measures the Vail Town Council will towards achieving the adopted housing goal. Of
significance, Housing Policy Statements #4 and #10 state,
“#4 Leverage Financial Strength – We will use our financial strength and acumen
to acquire deed-restrictions”, and
“#10 Funding is Policy – The Vail Town Council will fund housing opportunities
and solutions.”
Sources of funding for housing opportunities and solutions include the following:
0.5% dedicated sales tax
Bonding/Issuance of debt
Fund balance reserves
Private equity participation
Housing mitigation fees
Federal/state grants (i.e. Proposition 123)
Legislative review
III.Questions for Vail Town Council Consideration
The Vail Town Council is preparing to adopt an updated strategic action plan for the
years 2024 through 2028. The adoption of an updated plan is anticipated to occur in
the coming months. The strategic action plan is likely to include specific
recommendations for actions and priorities for implementation to achieve community
objectives, including housing solutions.
To better articulate a vision and further inform the 2024-2028 Action Plan, the Vail Local
Housing Authority recommends the Vail Town Council considers providing responses to
the following questions:
1.What is the Vail Town Council’s vision for the future of housing in Vail? What
role does building homes down valley play and how is it best to address the
unintended consequences?
2.How can the Vail Local Housing Authority better assist the Vail Town Council in
achieving its adopted housing goal? (i.e. bond issuer) Are there additional
7
Town of Vail Page 5
actions the Authority should be taking or possibly pursuing differently? (i.e.
technical advisors)
3.What are the Vail Town Council’s preferred strategies for achieving its adopted
housing goal? New development? Public partnerships? Private sector
incentives? Deed restriction purchase? In-town or down valley? All of the
above?
4.How should the estimated $3.5M to $4M funds collected annually from the 0.5%
housing fund sales tax increase be invested to increase the supply of deed-
restricted homes?
5.From a visioning perspective, what if housing became integral to Vail’s secret
sauce to success? If housing is in fact infrastructure in the eyes of town leaders,
how do we leverage the availability, attainability, and affordability of housing to
give Vail a competitive edge amongst its peers and serve to provide the core for
ongoing sustainability and stewardship efforts?
6.From a housing perspective, what is going to be different 5 to 7 years from now?
What progress has the Town made towards achieving the housing goal? How
have the conditions changed?
8
AGENDA ITEM NO. 3.1
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
TIME:30 min.
SUBMITTED BY:Kristen Bertuglia, Environmental Sustainability
ITEM TYPE:Presentation/Discussion
AGENDA SECTION:Presentation/Discussion
SUBJECT:Car Share Program Update - Vail and Avon
SUGGESTED ACTION:Listen to presentation and provide feedback.
PRESENTER(S):Kristen Bertuglia, Director of Environmental Sustainability
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
Memo to Town Council - Carsharing Update.pdf
Impact-report-Car-sharing-in-Belgium-in-2022.pdf
EV Car Share Presentation.pdf
23 - CCS Proposal - Eagle County Regional Car Share Program (2).pdf
9
To: Town Council
From: Department of Environmental Sustainability
Date: February 6, 2024
Subject: Car Share Program – Vail and Avon
I. Purpose
The purpose of this memorandum is to provide the Vail Town Council an update on
the potential of the proposed Vail-Avon Car Share program.
II. Background
Car sharing as a key component of Housing Developments
Throughout the entitlement process of the Timber Ridge deed-restricted housing
project over the past year, the Planning and Environmental Commission discussed the
option of creative solutions to achieving more unit density and less land devoted to
parking spaces. In December 2023, Ordinance No. 29, Series of 2023 amending Title
12, Chapter 6, Vail Town Code, was adopted to establish a new housing district, and
language is now included to require a mobility management plan if a development is
proposing less than the required number of parking spaces.
A car sharing program is allowed as one potential opportunity to achieving this goal.
As the town continues to invest in deed-restricted housing, providing homes for more
than 1,000 new residents, and invest in programs that reduce parking, local car
sharing has emerged among resort communities, as it has in larger cities for many
years, as a viable alternative to car ownership. Car sharing is an on-demand,
membership-based form of short-term car rental in which you only pay for what you
use, typically through a phone App. Car share programs contribute to a more
sustainable transportation system by providing a convenient mobility option to
residents and visitors of the region that may otherwise be unavailable or prohibitively
expensive. See Attachment A for recent car-sharing research and impacts in Belgium.
Valley-wide Car Share
In anticipation of the growing need for a more resident-focused and less car-focused
community, in the summer of 2023, staff was directed to explore a valley-wide car
10
Town of Vail Page 2
share program as a potential solution to first-last mile challenges with public
transportation, shared environmental goals, and a creative way to allow for less on-
site parking to the benefit of increased housing density.
In June, staff presented to the County Mayors’ and Managers’ meeting (Attachment B)
to seek partnership among valley communities and spent several weeks establishing
goals, a common vision and a Request for Proposals (RFP) with the Towns of
Minturn, Avon, Vail and Eagle County as follows.
The stated goals for an Eagle-Valley regional car share program were:
1. Equitable access to mobility solutions
2. Less congestion and parking demand
3. Decreased VMT (Vehicle Miles Travelled)
4. Increased mobility alternatives, especially for local workforce and residents
5. Enhanced flexibility for guests who use regional transit, electric bike share, and
airport services
6. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
The RFP requested the applicants meet the following Scope of Work
• Evaluate local conditions and viability of parking locations
• Collaborate with community partners on program development, with a minimum
of 2 vehicles per community, 8 total
• Provide electric vehicles or a combination of hybrid electric and plug-in electric,
vehicle registration, and insurance
• Deliver turnkey technology solution to facilitate car sharing program
• Provide and maintain App, software, web access, etc.
• Deliver excellent customer service and guest experience
• Maintain, care for and clean vehicles
• Develop promotional and marketing materials
• Conduct ongoing program evaluation and improvement
Community partners recognized the need to support the program either through in-
kind, financial contributions or both. Such support may include dedicated parking
spots, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, and collaboration to achieve program
goals. The program required a vendor with turnkey carsharing program experience, a
clear business plan for program success, a demonstrated track record of harnessing
technology and a customer-support and maintenance approach.
The RFP originally requested an approach to a regional program based on eight cars
across four communities. Two of the four communities opted out for now, leaving Vail
and Avon as partners to implement car share. Staff and the partner communities
received two responses in December, 2023 and recommend Colorado Car Share as
the partner for this program.
11
Town of Vail Page 3
III. Colorado Car Share
Colorado Car Share is a non-profit organization active for over twenty-five years,
currently operating car sharing programs in Boulder, Denver, Breckenridge, Dillon,
and Frisco. Colorado Car Share’s mission is to “empower our community to live a car-
free lifestyle and have a positive impact on our health, wealth, and shared
environment. We aim to make Colorado a “cooler,” healthier, and more socially
equitable place to live.”
Unlike for-profit car share companies that operate in major metro-areas, Colorado Car
Share exists “to provide car sharing as a service, not a business. We keep our
margins as low as possible, and keep our members and mission at the forefront of all
decisions in order to provide:” low cost service, a community focused approach, fully
insured and turnkey operation as well as environmental benefits. On average each car
share vehicle in operation is the equivalent of taking 9-10 cars off the road each year.
Members end up reducing the amount they drive by 40-50% and the program has a
very high overall fuel efficiency. Many communities opt for all-electric vehicles (EV), or
a combination of all EV or plug-in hybrid vehicles.
Complete rate plans, equity programs, process, and typical user profiles are provided
in Attachment C. All rate plans may be customized by community in order to drive
participation on the desired sectors.
Budget
The proposed budget includes start-up costs such as procurement, outfitting vehicles,
and technology setup. Ongoing overhead costs include insurance, member support,
outreach, maintenance, etc. Partnering with Avon will help both communities share
overhead and reduce costs. Note that costs are higher year one then year two due to
vehicle procurement and launch costs.
Year 1 estimated contribution per community: $133,075*
Year 2 estimate contribution per community: $12,975*
*Budget contribution is based on two communities (Vail and Avon) with two cars each. Program income
is expected to increase over time, reducing overhead costs, however some contribution to the program
is expected to be ongoing.
IV. Staff Recommendation
Staff recommends the Vail Town Council direct staff to move forward with developing
a partnership with Colorado Car Share to implement a local pilot program with two
vehicles in Vail, one fully electric vehicle and one plug-in hybrid, to be located at the
Red Sandstone parking structure. This location allows for easy access from deed-
restricted housing developments in a secure, covered, and video-monitored location
with existing charging stations that do not see the demand of the Village and
12
Town of Vail Page 4
Lionshead. Note that the developers of Timber Ridge have also proposed that parking
spots be available on-site to serve this program in the future.
Avon will also be requesting to move forward with proposing a two-vehicle program to
their Council in late February.
V. Next Steps
Should the Town Council wish to move forward, staff will return to the Council with a
contract request and a supplemental budget request from the housing fund. Details of
pricing structure, firm locations, specific vehicle types and cost will be provided at that
time.
VI. Attachments
A. Impact Report – Car Sharing in Belgium
B. Mayors and Managers Meeting Car Share Research Presentation
C. Colorado Car Share Proposal
(original proposal includes all original community partners, see Section III above for
updated all-in contribution)
13
IMPACT REPORTim pact
CAR SHARING IN BELGIUM IN 2022
14
Dear Reader,
This annual report describes the state of car sharing in Belgium at
the end of 2022. As usual, you can find an overview of the number of
shared cars and car sharers (both active and registered), the average
distances and duration of trips using a shared car and the active car
sharing providers. But this report is also a first for Flanders. For the
first time ever, a large-scale study has been conducted on the impact
of car sharing on car ownership and modal shift.
The methodology and results of the impact study can be found in the
first part of this report. I would like to take this opportunity to since rely
thank the participating providers (cambio, Claus2you, CoopStroom,
Cozywheels, Dégage, Flexigo, GreenMobility, Partago, ShareMobility
and Stapp.in) for distributing the questionnaires and actively engag-
ing in the preparation of the impact report. It is thanks to them that,
for the first time, we can make informed statements about the impact
of car sharing in Flanders. Autodelen.net makes a distinction between
the three main forms of car sharing (round-trip, private and free-float-
ing). For the first two, we can present a representative sample and our
conclusions are solidly based. For free-floating car sharing, Green-
Mobility was the only provider actively involved and only achieved a
response rate of 3.5%. These figures are given as an indication only;
no far-reaching conclusions can be drawn from them.
I am particularly struck by the discrepancy between the number of
registered car sharers and the number of car sharers who made at
least one trip using a shared car in 2022, referred to in this report as
“active car sharers”. There are some 121,000 active car sharers in Bel-
gium, but as many as 270,000 registered car sharers. There is therefore
still huge scope for engaging people who are already familiar with the
concept and who have even taken the step of registering. The addi-
tional impact of this “low-hanging fruit” is potentially very large.
I therefore call on policy-makers and car sharing providers to make
both the conditions and the offer of car sharing even more attractive
so that we dramatically increase the number of active car-sharers in
2023. Because the more car-sharers there are, the fewer private cars
there will be, and the more we can create liveable and agreeable living
environments designed with people rather than cars in mind.
Happy reading!
Jeffrey Matthijs
Director of Autodelen.net
INTRODUCTION
2
15
sSUMMARY
A lot of car sharers get rid of their own vehicle
because they need no, or fewer, private cars.
Autodelen.net in collaboration with KULeu-
ven, has calculated that ownership among car
sharers ranges between 0.36 and 0.57 cars per
household. By way of comparison, in 2021, an
average Flemish household owned 1.14 cars. In
a fictitious and theoretical example, this would
mean that, in a street with 30 families who do
not use car-sharing, there are 34 parked cars.
Car sharers own significantly fewer cars than the average in Flanders. Every
shared car takes between three and ten private cars off the street. What’s more,
car sharers are conspicuously more likely to choose bicycles, and to travel by
car less. This emerges from a survey by Autodelen.net, the first to calculate the
replacement ratio of shared cars in Flanders.
ONE SHARED CAR REPLACES TEN PRIVATELY OWNED CARS
In a street with 30 families of car sharers, that
will be about 12, supplemented by one or two
shared vehicles.
The research also shows that each shared
car replaces between 3 and 10 private cars,
depending on the form of car-sharing. ‘So, tak-
en together the shared cars in Flanders replace
at least 17,740 private cars. If you were to park
these saved cars side by side, they would cov-
3
16
3,1
9,5
One shared car replaces 3.1 to 9.5 private cars, according to the type of car sharing.
1
x
=
Private
Round-trip
Free-floating
Total
54,578
87,745
5,09222,204
34,889
47,764
62,155
53,478
32,374
5,761
121,394
Belgium today has 121,394 active car sharers.
That is 40% more than last year. Free-floating car
sharing in particular saw strong growth in active
car sharers.
120,000
90,000
60,000
30,000
0
2020 2021 2022
—Strongandsustainablegrowth
inactivecarsharers
By the end of 2022, Belgium had 121,394 active
car sharers. That represents a 40% increase
on 2021. Around half of these car sharers are
Flemish (67,578), four in ten live in Brussels
(50,178), and 3% are Walloons (3,638). Brussels
is the region in which car-sharing is most firmly
embedded: 6.3% of all driving licence holders
make use of shared cars. Free-floating car-shar-
ing systems saw the biggest increase last year,
with a 78% rise in active car sharers.
er an area of 22 hectares, enough for almost
32 football pitches. Shared cars today make
up only 0.07% of registered vehicles in Flan-
ders, but still save almost 2% of public parking
spaces. In this way, car-sharing improves the
liveability of our cities and towns’, says Autodel-
en.net’s Jeffrey Matthijs.
These figures are based on an online survey
conducted by Autodelen.net and most car-shar-
ing providers among 6,288 respondents in
summer 2022. The study is a first for Flanders.
Since engaging in
car sharing, 35%
of car sharers drive
the car less often.
‘There is still huge scope for engaging people
who are already familiar with the car-sharing
concept, some of whom have even taken the
step of registering. This includes the nearly
150,000 car sharers who are registered but did
not travel in a shared car in 2022. By making the
framework conditions and supply of car-shar-
ing even more attractive, policymakers and
car-sharing providers can better harness this
huge potential in 2023 to create liveable and
agreeable living environments on a human
scale,’ points out Jeffrey Matthijs.
The number of shared cars also saw a huge
increase in 2022. Today, the tally stands at 5,316.
As many as 671 new shared cars were added last
year, the strongest growth in the past five years.
This is mainly due to free-floating car-sharing
systems, with the arrival of the German player
Miles and the expansion of Poppy’s fleet.
—Carsharerscyclemoreoften
andtakethecarlessoften
Car sharers are conspicuously more likely to
opt for sustainable travel. Since they started
car-sharing, 35% have made fewer car jour-
neys. Cycling is the big winner: 31% of car
sharers cycle more often. Train, tram and bus
benefit less from car-sharing: most car sharers
(75%) use public transport to the same extent as
before. 16% do so more often.
4
17
Introduction 2
Summary 3
Contents 5
Whatiscarsharingandwhattypesexist?6
Providers with their own fleet of shared cars 7
Sharing of private vehicles 7
Methodology8
Impact of car sharing 8
Car sharing in 2022: state of play 10
Impactofcarsharing11
Impact on car ownership 12
– Number of cars per household 12
– Replacement ratio 13
Impact on travel behaviour 15
Car sharer profile 17
Carsharingin2022:stateofplay18
The number of car sharers and shared cars today 19
Number of trips, duration & distance 21
Historical growth 22
Summary of key figures 24
Glossary 25
Annexes 26
Annex 1:
Questionnaire used for the car sharers’ impact survey 26
Annex 2:
Summary of car share providers in Belgium since inception 27
Colophon 28cCONTENTS
5
18
With car sharing, several families and/or legal
entities take turns to use one or more vehicles.
They use the vehicle only when they need it. If
the vehicle is free, another family or legal entity
can use it.
Car sharing generates major social and economic
benefits. It reduces the number of vehicles, CO2
emissions, parking congestion and the individual
cost of using1 a vehicle, and leads to a sustaina-
ble modal shift. Car sharing is a sustainable and
flexible alternative to owning a private car.
In 2022, there were 15 car share providers oper-
ating in Belgium. Historically speaking, there
have been two main types: car share providers
with their own fleet, and car share providers
that facilitate the sharing of private vehicles.
Both of these two main categories can again be
divided into two groups.
w&WHAT TYPES EXIST?
CARSHARING
WHAT IS
1 Calculate your own financial benefit as compared
with car ownership and/or compare car share
formulas at www.savewithcarsharing.be
6
19
PROVIDERS WITH THEIR OWNFLEET OF SHARED CARS
These providers make a vehicle fleet available
to their customers. The fleet varies for each
provider and can consist of various models.
The user pays the organisation for the use of
a vehicle by kilometre, by time, and/or use.
Sometimes there is a one-off joining fee and/
or subscription fee. Depending on the place at
which you collect and return a shared car, there
are two different systems.
—Round-tripcarsharing
In round-trip car sharing, the car sharer returns
the shared car to the same location or zone
(neighbourhood or district) after use. Systems
that use permanent locations are known as ‘sta-
tion-based’, and those that use a specific zone to
which the vehicle must be returned are ‘home
zone-based’.
—Free-floatingcarsharing
Free-floating car share allows the user to leave
the shared vehicle in another place (in some
cases even in another city). A further distinction
is made between systems that use permanent
stations (‘pool stations’) and systems that use
a specific zone within which the car may be
parked anywhere (‘operational area’). Users must
have a smartphone to locate the shared car.
SHARING OF PRIVATE VEHICLES
—Privatecost-sharingcarsharing
In this form of car sharing, private cars are used
by different households or organisations in a
centralised (one large, open group) or decentral-
ised system (several small, closed groups). The
vehicle is the property of one member of the car
share group or can be bought in joint ownership
by several group members. A second significant
feature is the cost-sharing principle. The owner
of the vehicle does not make a profit, but is reim-
bursed for the actual cost price of the vehicle for
Providerswith
theirownfleet
ofsharedcars
Sharing
ofprivatevehicles
Round-trip
carsharing
Free-floating
carsharing
Privatecost-sharing
carsharing
each shared kilometre. Thirdly, this type of car
share involves a great deal of self-organisation
and social interaction, with individual arrange-
ments and rules. However, this does not mean
that centrally provided services cannot be signif-
icantly professionalised by, for example, a group
of individuals or a non-profit organisation.
— Private car rental
There are also online hire platforms where users
can rent a private car. This is called peer-to-peer
(P2P) car sharing or private car rental, and works
in the same way as AirBnB. Owners register their
cars on the platform; users hire a car on the plat-
form for a consideration determined by the owner
(price per kilometre and/or an hourly rate). Fuel is
not included in this charge: as a user, you have to
fill up the car again after use, so you do not know
in advance exactly how much your trip will cost.
Each time you use it, you as the hirer enter into a
contract with the owner of the car. We therefore
refer to this as car rental rather than car sharing.
With car sharing, you only need to sign a member-
ship contract, after which you have access to all the
vehicles. Data on private car rental are not includ-
ed in this report, which focuses on car sharing.
7
20
mMETHODO-LOGY
2 https://carsharing.de/alles-ueber-carsharing/studien/
evaluations-standard-verkehrsentlastende-wirkung
IMPACT OF CAR SHARING
— Large-scale survey of
10 car share providers
All the results presented in the section on the
impact of car sharing come from a user survey
conducted in spring and summer 2022. Ten of
the twelve Flemish car sharing providers active
at the time took part in the survey. All customers
were asked to complete an online questionnaire
via a direct email from the car share provider.
This questionnaire was prepared in consulta-
tion with the car share questionnaire used in
a German survey coordinated by the Bundes-
verband CarSharing (bcs)2. For the analysis of
the results, we received the much-appreciated
help of Jozef Cossey, doctoral researcher at
KU Leuven’s Faculty of Economics.
The user survey resulted in a dataset of
6,288 respondents. The table opposite shows
the distribution of respondents by type of car
sharing. For each provider that distributed the
questionnaire, the response rate is also shown.
A few figures at a glance:
_On average, 19% of all active private custom-
ers of the participating providers completed
the survey.
_The round-trip and private car sharing
categories recorded high response rates,
allowing us to make statements about the
entire population of round-trip and private
car sharers on the basis of the sample, com-
bined with weighting of the data (see below).
_Regarding free-floating car sharing, we can
only rely on the results of the questionnaire
GreenMobility distributed to its customers.
Moreover, their response rate is also very
low (3.5%). Although the results have been
weighted, this small sample cannot guaran-
tee representative data. The results in this
report give an indication of the impact of
GreenMobility’s carsharers, but due to the
low response rate we should treat the results
with caution. We cannot extrapolate these to
all free-floating car sharers. Nor, therefore,
is it possible to draw one-to-one compari-
sons between the results for free-floating car
sharing and those of round-trip and private
car sharing.
Response rate
ROUND-TRIP CAR SHARE 20.5%
Cambio 27.5%
ShareMobility 2.5%
Partago 9.8%
Coopstroom 37.1%
Stapp.in 3.8%
Claus2you 24.3%
Flexigo 12.7%
PRIVATE CAR SHARE 16.9%
Dégage!20.0%
Cozywheels 5.7%
FREE-FLOATING CAR SHARE 3.5%
GreenMobility 3.5%
TOTAL 18.8%
8
21
— Data weighting by frequency of use
To correctly extrapolate survey results from the
sample to the entire population of car sharers,
we weighted the data. This is because we can
expect regular car sharers to be more likely to
participate in surveys, creating an over-report-
ing effect in the absence of weighting based
on frequency of use. This bias is mitigated by
the fact that survey responses are weighted
per respondent based on actual frequency of
use. Each respondent was assigned a weighting
coeffi cient that indicates the weight given to
his/her responses in the overall survey result.
For each provider, respondents were divided
into five categories according to the nature of
their car share use3. The same exercise was
conducted for frequency of use within the pro-
vider’s entire customer base. Depending on
the over- or under-representation of certain
categories of questionnaire respondents, they
are assigned a weighting coefficient smaller or
larger than 1.
For two providers, we lack data for the actual
frequency of use of the shared cars across the
entire customer base, so it is not possible to cal-
culate specific weighting coefficients for those
providers. To weight these data, we relied on
the (average) weighting coefficients of provid-
ers with similar user profiles.
The private cost-sharing car share organisation
Cozywheels is organised in a decentralised way
into many small ‘car share groups’ that are not
obliged to use the central platform to record
trips. As a result, Cozywheels does not have
the necessary data with which to calculate the
weighting coefficients. For Cozywheels, we relied
on the weighting coefficients of the other private
cost-sharing car share organisation, Dégage.
For GreenMobility, it was not possible to supply
customers’ actual frequency of use. Therefore,
we used the average weighting coefficients of
all those providers that, like the free-floating
provider, do not charge an entry fee and sub-
scription fees.
The consequence of weighting the data is
that, for all forms of car sharing, a shift can
be seen in the results of the impact param-
eters addressed in the report. For example,
the reported number of cars in the household
among round-trip car share users rises with
weighting from 0.28 to 0.37.
— Private car sharing:
what about the owners?
When we discuss results from private car shar-
ers, in most cases we are only talking about
respondents who do not share their own
vehicle, and who occasionally use a car from
a private car sharer. This choice enables us to
properly compare different groups of car users
for the ‘current car ownership’ and ‘replace-
ment ratio’ indicators. Car ownership among
owners of privately shared cars will necessarily
be higher than among users, which also affects
the replacement ratio. However, for the ‘change
in travel behaviour’ indicator, we did take the
entire group of private car users into account.
We can assume that the owner of a shared car
may also identify a possible change in their
travel pattern as a result of sharing the vehicle.
— The replacement ratio:
how many private cars are replaced
by one shared car?
As mentioned, our calculation method relied
very largely on the evaluation standard devel-
oped by the Bundesverband CarSharing (bcs)4
There are two types of replacement ratio, real
and hypothetical, and these are combined in an
integrated replacement ratio. Methodolo gically,
real and hypothetical replacement ratios have
a different status. The real replacement ratio is
based on the real trend in car ownership up to the
time of the study. The hypothetical replacement
ratio is based on answers given instinctively by
respondents. This reflects intentions.
The real replacement ratio shows how many
cars respondents have dispensed with since
they started car sharing, and the proportion due
to car sharing. We calculated this as follows:
_The total number of a car share provider’s
active private customers divided by the num-
ber of respondents.
_The result of this calculation is then
multi plied by the number of cars actual-
ly dispensed with: the number of cars the
respondent gave up by joining the car shar-
ing provider, multiplied by the weight that
membership of the car share scheme had in
this decision. The answers to the latter ques-
tion range from ‘of no importance’ (score 0),
‘of little importance’ (score 0.25), to ‘of very
great importance’ (score 1).
_The result of the above division (= the total
number of cars dispensed with as a result of
car sharing) is divided by the number of shared
cars owned by the respective providers.
3 1) Once a week or more on average 2) more than
once a month on average but less than once a week
+ once a month on average 3) less than once a month
on average 4) once 5) never
4 https://carsharing.de/alles-ueber-carsharing/
studien/evaluations-standard-verkehrsentlastende-
wirkung
When calculating the real replacement ratio,
we added one aspect at the second step of the
calculation (B) by comparison with the German
bcs. That is, we also included the impact of
membership of a car sharing organisation on
the number of cars the respondents dispensed
with when they started car sharing. Perhaps
people were already planning to get rid of a
car and only subsequently decided to start car
sharing. Applying this additional weighting
to the reduction in the number of cars owned
reduces the replacement ratio but it gives us
an even more accurate picture of the effective,
causal impact of car sharing on car ownership.
The hypothetical replacement ratio repre-
sents the probability that a respondent, without
membership of a car share organisation, would
have purchased an additional vehicle. We can-
not arrive at an integrated replacement ratio
by simply adding up the real and hypothetical
replacement ratios because there would be
double counting. Nevertheless, we can combine
them based on the calculation below:
_The number of cars hypothetically averted by
respondents who did not dispense with cars
due to car sharing is multiplied by the ratio of
the total number of active private customers
of the car sharing provider and the number
of respondents.
9
22
_The result of this multiplication is added to
the real replacement ratio.
_The result of this calculation is divided by the
number of shared cars owned by the respec-
tive providers.
The result, the integrated replacement ratio,
takes into account the cars that car sharers
actually dispensed with as well as the cars that
car sharers did not purchase due to member-
ship of the car sharing provider. The calculation
results in a single replacement ratio without
double counting.
—Recommendationsforfutureresearch
For a future edition of this survey, Autodelen.net
will work with car sharing providers to develop
an adapted methodology that takes even great-
er account of the nuanced differences between
private car sharing and car sharing through
fleet-based providers. It is also our intention to
examine the impact of car sharing in Brussels
and Wallonia, using data from all active car
sharing providers. In this way, we should be
able to reach conclusions for free-floating car
sharing too. Finally, the impact of car sharing
could be explored in even wider terms. The
current research focuses on car ownership,
the replacement ratio and the shift in the travel
behaviour of car sharers. This can be further
expanded to include the CO2 savings generated
by car sharing, an indication of the reduction in
car mileage, etc.
CARSHARINGIN2022:STATE OF PLAY
The data for this section of the report were
requested in December 2022 from the car shar-
ing organisations operating in Belgium5. The
figures relate to the period from 1 January 2022
to 1 December 2022. The data analysis is always
performed at an aggregated level, either by
type of car sharing or by region. No reference is
therefore made in this report to individual pro-
viders’ data, other than exceptionally and with
the explicit consent of the provider concerned
(see below).
In terms of the number of (active) car sharers,
it cannot be ruled out that people using several
car sharing systems are also included multiple
times in the figures. Unfortunately, this cannot
be avoided without violating GDPR legislation.
The data used in this report relate to car share
providers with their own fleet (both round-trip
and free-floating) and private cost-sharing car
share. Private car rental (or P2P car sharing
see ‘What is car sharing?’) is not included in this
annual report. In order to make a proper com-
parison with previous figures, this type has also
been omitted from previous years’ data.
Two organisations operate in the private
cost-sharing car share segment in Belgium:
Cozywheels and Dégage. However, we only
have data from Dégage for the number of com-
pleted journeys made by shared car, the average
journey length and distance, and the average
number of journeys per user and per shared
vehicle. Therefore, statements about these
indicators for private car sharing in this report
rely solely on the Dégage data.
For the Brussels-Capital Region, we have no
data on the number of trips and their charac-
teristics for free-floating providers. The total
number of trips in Brussels and at the Belgian
level is therefore an underestimate.
For Brussels and Wallonia, the private
cost-sharing car sharing organisation Cozy-
wheels used a different, stricter count of the
number of car sharers and shared cars in 2022,
resulting in a decrease in these indicators for
both regions compared with 2021. This should
be seen as a one-off adjustment to the data.
5 We received data from the following car shar-
ing providers and would like to thank them.
BattMobility, cambio, Claus2you, CoopStroom,
Cozywheels, Dégage, GreenMobility, Klimaan,
Miles, Partago, Poppy, ShareMobility, Stapp.
in and Wibee.
How many private cars
have respondents gotten
rid of since they started
car sharing? And how
many cars have they
not bought thanks to
car sharing?
10
23
Car sharing has expanded dramatically in
Belgium and Flanders in recent years. The
number of trips, shared vehicles and car shar-
ers all increased significantly. But does that
growth translate into streets with fewer cars?
We know from research conducted abroad that
one shared car displaces several private cars
from the streets. But what is the situation in
Flanders? The results of the study below show
very clearly that car sharers on average own
fewer cars than the average person in Flanders,
dispose of cars, refrain from buying addition-
al cars and more often opt for sustainable
travel (e.g. bicycle or public transport) instead
of a (shared) car journey.
This study is a first for Flanders. For the first
time, we have conducted a large-scale study
of the impact of car sharing on the car own-
ership and travel behaviour of car sharers. We
have only been able to do so thanks to the car
sharing providers. Ten of the twelve then-ac-
tive car sharing organisations sent an online
questionnaire to their customers in spring and
summer 2022. This yielded a sample of more
than 6,300 respondents. In this part of the
report, we again distinguish between the three
forms of car sharing: round-trip, private and
free-floating. In future editions, it is also our
intention to examine the impact of car sharing
in Brussels and Wallonia.
—Nuancingtheresultsforfreefloating
andprivatecarsharing
Given the very low response rate among
free-floating respondents (3.5%), we must treat
the available data with caution. The results in
this report give an indication of the impact of
GreenMobility’s car sharers, but they cannot
be extrapolated to all free-floating car sharers.
Nor is it possible to draw one-to-one compar-
isons between the results for free-floating car
sharing and those for round-trip and private
car sharing.
When we discuss results from private car shar-
ers, in most cases we are only talking about
the respondents who do not share their own
vehicle. These car sharers use a car from a
private car sharer. However, for the ‘change
in travel behaviour’ indicator, we did take the
entire group of private car users into account.
For more information on the study design and
how the results were processed, please refer to
the Methodology section.
iOF CAR SHARING
IMPACT
11
24
IMPACT ON CAR OWNERSHIP
—Numberofcarsperhousehold
A first indicator of the impact of car sharing is
the current number of cars in a household. In
2021, the average Flemish household owned
1.14 cars. Just over one in five Flemish fami-
lies do not own a car6. These include both own
cars and company cars. Among car sharers, car
ownership was strikingly lower at the time of
the survey (see figure at bottom left). Depend-
ing on the car sharing model, between five and
seven in ten car sharers have no car available in
the household7. Average car ownership among
private and round-trip car sharers is 0.36 and
0.378 cars per household, respectively. Among
free-floating car sharers (GreenMobility), the
average number of cars in the household is 0.57.
In a fictitious and theoretical example, this
could mean the following: on a street with
30 families not practising car sharing, 34 cars
are parked. In a street with 30 families all using
car sharing, that will be about 129, supplement-
ed by one or two shared vehicles.
Number of cars on a street with 30 families if no one does car sharing vs if everyone does
car sharing
6 https://statbel.fgov.be/nl/themas/datalab/
wagenbezit-huishouden
7 The proportion of households without a car
among round-trip car sharers is 69%, but this
conceals a wide variation. For some round-trip
providers, 6.1% of households are car-free,
but equally there are providers where the
proportion stands at 72%.
8 Among the various round-trip car sharing
providers who cooperated in the study,
average car ownership lay between 0.31 and
1.34.
9 For this calculation, based on the proportions
of customers among the car sharing providers
participating in the survey, we factored in
62.2% round-trip car sharers in the street, 9.5%
free-floating car sharers and 28.3% private
car sharers.
×30 ×34
P
×30 ×14
P
Share of households without a car in Flanders
Private
carsharers
Round-trip
carsharers
Free-floating
carsharers
Due to the low response rate of free-floating car sharers, these
results give an indication of car ownership. We cannot extrapolate
these to all free-floating car sharers. Nor is it possible to draw one-to-
one comparisons between the results for free-floating car sharing and
those of round-trip and private car sharing.
Population
Flanders
68.9%66.7%
22.9%
Average car ownership per household in Flanders
Private
carsharers
Round-trip
carsharers
Free-floating
carsharers
0.37 0.36 0.57
Population Flanders
1.14
48.6%
12
25
One round-trip shared
car replaces on average
9.5 private cars.
A privately shared car
replaces on average
3.1 private cars.
—Significantdifferences
byregionandmaturityofcarsharing
The overall Flemish averages conceal a number
of striking differences. For instance, there are
differences in car ownership among car sharers
depending on the degree of urbanisation of the
region and on the maturity of the car sharing
organisation used. The largest cities in Flanders
have a high population density and have had a
car sharing presence for almost two decades.
In Antwerp, for example, car ownership among
car sharers stands at 0.22 cars per household
compared with 0.73 for all the city’s residents.
In Ghent, a similar ratio can be seen: 0.27 cars
per household among car sharers, 0.80 cars
among the general population. By way of con-
trast, in Zottegem, an East Flanders town with
a population of around 26,000, shared cars have
only been present since 2020 and we note an
average of 1.12 cars per household and 0.52 cars
among car sharers.
— Replacement ratio
Car sharers own significantly fewer cars than
the average in Flanders, but to what extent does
car sharing play a role in this? Are people who
own no or few cars more likely to choose car
sharing? Or is rather the case that car sharing
simply enables them to reduce their rate of car
ownership?
To resolve these hypotheses, we asked respond-
ents two questions. First question: how many
cars have they dispensed with since they started
car sharing, and what part did car sharing play?
(actual replacement) Second question: how
likely is it that, absent car sharing, they would
have acquired another vehicle? (hypothetical
replacement). Combining the two indicators
allows us to calculate an integrated replace-
ment ratio, representing how many private cars
one shared car replaces.
Details of how the replacement ratio is calculat-
ed can be found in the section on Methodology.
We should mention here that the calculations
below are an underestimate of the actual
replacement ratio as we only take account of
the private customers of car sharing provid-
ers in this study. We did not survey corporate
account holders, nor did we include them in
determining the replacement ratio.
The replacement ratio is highest for round-
trip car sharing organisations. One round-trip
shared car replaces on average 9.5 private
cars10. Of these, 6.6 cars have been dispensed
with since people started car sharing, while the
remaining 2.9 cars are the extra vehicles not
purchased due to the availability of car sharing.
There are two important reasons for this high
figure. First, customers of round-trip provid-
ers appear to dispense with a high number of
cars per shared car on average when they start
car sharing, i.e. 6.6. That number is at least
10 In calculating the real replacement ratio, we diverge from the German Bundesverband CarSharing (bcs)
by including the impact of membership of a car sharing organisation on the number of cars the respondents
dispensed with when they started car sharing (see Methodology). Applying this additional weighting to the
reduction in the number of cars owned reduces the replacement ratio but it gives us an even more accurate
picture of the effective, causal impact of car sharing on car ownership. However, it does mean that the data can
no longer be compared one-to-one with studies from abroad. Without the additional weighting, we obtain a
replacement ratio of 11.6 for round-trip car sharing. One private cost-sharing shared car replaces 4 private cars in
this model, and one free-floating car replaces 5.5 vehicles.
11 44% of private car sharing users use a shared car less than once a month, compared with 27% of round-trip car
sharers and 32% of free-floating car sharers.
three times higher than for the other catego-
ries of car sharing. Second, the ratio of users
to shared car (i.e. 21.5) also plays a major role
here. Once again, this is the highest in any form
of car sharing and has a positive impact on the
replacement ratio.
A privately shared car replaces 3.1 private cars
on average. However, this underestimates the
actual replacement ratio of private car sharing.
As described in the Methodology, this calculation
only takes account of the users of private vehicles,
and not their owners. On average, for every pri-
vately shared car, users dispense with 1.7 other
cars and refrain from purchasing an additional
1.4 cars due to the availability of car sharing.
The explanation for the lower replacement
ratio must be sought mainly in the low level of
car ownership among private car sharers. At
the time of the survey, the number of cars per
household was the lowest in this group (0.36 cars
per household), and it was also significantly low
before users started car sharing. Among private
car sharers, 24% have dispensed with a car by
joining a car sharing organisation, while almost
40% of respondents among round-trip car shar-
ers have done so. In other words: private car
sharers did not have many cars to dispose of at
the time of joining. Therefore, the replacement
ratio, and especially the real replacement ratio,
is in any event lower than among providers
whose customers had higher car ownership lev-
els before they entered car sharing.
In addition, the ratio of users per shared car
for private car sharing organisations (10.8) is
much lower than for round-trip and free-float-
ing car sharing, which translates into a lower
replacement ratio. Since private cost-sharing
car sharing organisations do not charge for the
reservation time of a shared trip, we see a much
higher average reservation time than for other
car sharing organisations (see p. 21). This partly
explains the lower number of car sharers per
shared car.
Finally, at 1.4 cars, the hypothetical replacement
ratio is also lower than for round-trip (2.9 cars)
and free-floating car sharing (2.7 cars). The pro-
file of privately cost-sharing car users offers an
explanation here. They generally have less need
for a car and make fewer trips using a shared
car. This is also evident in this study from a low-
er rate of shared car use than among users of
other forms of car sharing11. The more limited
need for cars makes private car users less likely
to consider buying an (additional) car.
13
26
In other words, private car sharing appeals to
a different profile of car sharers, provides a
low-threshold alternative way to gain entry as
a user by using the existing fleet and is comple-
mentary to the other forms of car sharing. Low
car ownership and use by private car users and
the more efficient use of existing private cars
have a real beneficial impact, but do not affect
the replacement ratio.
And what about the owners of privately shared
cars? It is not possible to calculate a replace-
ment ratio for them as we have done for private
users and users of providers with their own
fleet. For that, we need an adapted calculation
method12. Owners who share their car relin-
quish their “own car”, so to speak, and engage
in a system where they themselves also make
reservations for the use of their “shared car”.
We did ask the car owners to what extent
they would buy another car if (one of) their
own car(s), which is currently shared, were
to be removed. Almost half of the respond-
ents (46%) who share a car on a cost-sharing
basis would not buy a new car if their cur-
rent vehicle were to disappear. At that point,
current car owners would themselves become
users of ( private) shared cars and would avoid
the purchase of additional cars. The current
methodology does not take into account this
hypothetical replacement of cars by owners.
This means that the effective replacement ratio
of private shared cars is in actuality higher that
the statistics above suggest.
For a future edition of this survey, Autodelen.net
will work with car sharing providers to develop
an adapted methodology that takes even great-
er account of the nuanced differences between
private car sharing and car sharing through
fleet-based providers.
On average, one free-floating shared car
replaces 3.6 private cars, according to Green-
Mobility figures. Of these, 0.9 cars have been
dispensed with since people started car sharing,
while the remaining 2.7 cars are the extra vehi-
cles not purchased due to the availability of car
sharing. Real car ownership among free-float-
ing car sharers changes the least among the
three categories after starting car sharing.
Among free-floating respondents, only 12%
dispensed with a car, compared with 40% of
round-trip users and 24% of private car sharers.
Nevertheless, we found a high replacement rate
per shared car and there are two explanations
for this. First, free-floating car sharing has a rel-
atively high hypothetical replacement rate. This
is because for every free-floating shared car, 2.7
cars are not purchased. To calculate the hypo-
thetical replacement ratio, we only take into
account respondents who have not disposed
of a car: this group is also the largest among
free-floating car sharers. Second, the high ratio
of customers per shared car also causes the
replacement ratio to rise.
—Fewercars,morepublicspace
Based on these replacement ratios, we know
that the approximately 1,500 round-trip and
1,100 private shared cars in Flanders reduce the
total private car fleet by 17,740 cars: 14,345 for
round-trip and 3,395 for private car sharing13.
The 2,605 round-trip and private shared cars
today account for only 0.07% of registered vehi-
cles in Flanders14, but do save 1.7% of publicly
designated parking spaces15. If you were to park
all these 17,740 saved cars right next to each
other, you would cover an area of 22 hectares16,
good for almost 32 football fields.
*The general term car sharing conceals differences in terms of the replace-
ment ratio of one shared car. It is therefore appropriate to calculate
the impact at the car sharing operator level.
12 As private cost-sharing car sharing
is currently almost unknown in other
(European) countries, a separate
method has not yet been developed.
13 Given the low response rate, we
reach no conclusions as to the total
number of private cars saved through
free-floating car sharing
14 https://www.vlaanderen.be/
statistiek-vlaanderen/mobiliteit/
personenwagenpark
15 There are at least 1,059,000 publicly
designated parking spaces in Flanders
(source: Ruimterapport Vlaanderen
2021, https://publicaties.vlaanderen.
be/view-file/47143).
16 Calculated on the basis of
12.5 square metres per parking space.
The conclusion is clear:
on average, car sharers own
fewer cars than the average
person in Flanders. Car sharing
enables them to keep
the number of cars in the
household low or even to reduce
it. Car sharing thus enables
citizens to live with no or
fewer cars.
3.1
9.5
Range between which replacement ratios vary by form of car sharing
1
x
=
14
27
IMPACT ON TRAVEL BEHAVIOUR
Car sharing reduces car ownership and thus
improves the liveability of our cities and towns.
The social impact of car sharing becomes even
greater if it generates a positive modal shift:
a shift from car travel towards more sustain-
able modes. We therefore asked the almost
6,300 Flemish car sharers how much their
travel behaviour had changed since they joined
a car sharing organisation.
—Caruse:
35%travel(much)lessbycar
In the first instance, we probed the change in
car use. We asked about the number of trips
made with a private car or a shared car, both
as a driver and as a passenger. In general, car
sharers’ vehicle use decreases after they join a
car sharing organisation. The group of car shar-
ers who travel by car less or much less (35%) is
larger than the group who opt for the car more
or much more often (17%). About half of car
sharers have noticed no change in their car use
since they started car sharing.
Among round-trip car sharers, the group of
customers who (greatly) reduced their car use
was more than twice as large as the group that
travelled by car more or much more often, 37%
versus 15%. Among free-floating car sharers
(GreenMobility), the proportion who take a
car more or much more often is as high as the
proportion of customers who saw their car
journeys (much) reduced, at 19%. Three in ten
private car sharers used the car more or much
more often, while one in five (greatly) reduced
their car travel.
As with the lower replacement ratio among pri-
vate car users, the slight increase in car travel
can also be explained by car ownership. At
the time of the survey, the number of cars per
household was lower among private car sharers
Change in car travel behaviour since the start of car sharing, across
all forms of car sharing
34.7%
(much)lessoften
48.4%
nochange
16.9%
(much)more
often
Changein
CAR USE
5.9%(much)lessoften
63.5%
nochange
30.6%
(much)
moreoften
Changein
BICYCLE USE
9.6%(much)lessoften
74.6%
nochange
15.8%
(much)more
often
Changein
BUS, TRAM and METRO USE
than among respondents who are members of
round-trip and free-floating systems (0.36 vs.
0.37 vs. 0.57). Low car ownership among pri-
vate car users appears to be less the result of car
sharing than in the case of round-trip car shar-
ers. One in four private car users has dispensed
with a car by joining a car sharing organisa-
tion, compared with 40% among round-trip car
sharing users. This suggests that many private
users had few cars even before they started car
sharing and that, due to car sharing, they now
have access to a car for the first time, which
may explain the increase in car use. Finally, for
private car owners we observe that the group
opting less or much less often for car travel
since they started sharing their own car is larg-
er than the group more often using a car (36%
versus 13%).Change in car use since the start of car sharing
Round-trip
carshare
37.2%
(much)lessoften
47.9%
nochange
14.9%
(much)
moreoften
Private
carshare
20.6%
(much)less
often
49.8%
nochange
29.6%
(much)
moreoften
Free-floating
carshare
19.5%
(much)less
often
61.9%
nochange
18.6%
(much)
moreoften
Due to the low
response rate of
free-floating car
sharers, these results
give an indication of
the change in travel
behaviour. We cannot
extrapolate these
to all free-floating
car sharers. Nor is it
possible to draw one-
to-one comparisons
between the results
for free-floating car
sharing and those of
round-trip and private
car sharing.
35% travel
(much) less
by car
15
28
Due to the low response rate
of free-floating car sharers, these
results give an indication of the
change in travel behaviour. We
cannot extrapolate these to all
free-floating car sharers. Nor is
it possible to draw one-to-one
comparisons between the results
for free-floating car sharing and
those of round-trip and private
car sharing.
—Bicycleuse:
31%travel(much)moreoftenbybike
Second, we looked at changes in bicycle use.
Across all forms of car sharing, the number of
bicycle trips increases after joining a car shar-
ing organisation. The group of car sharers who
travel by bike more or much more often (31%)
is considerably larger than the group who opt
for the bike less or much less often (6%). As
with car use, the high percentage of car sharers
who saw no change in their number of bicycle
trips is striking.
Among round-trip and private car sharers,
the group of customers who cycle (much) more
often is six to eight times larger than the group
who cycle (much) less often since they started
car sharing. The reverse is true of free-floating
car sharers: the proportion of customers who
cycle (much) less often is slightly higher than
the proportion of customers who cycle (much)
more often. This slight decrease in the number
of bicycle trips among free-floating car sharers
can be explained by the typical travel pattern of
free-floating shared cars. Free-floating systems,
which operate on a per-minute fare, are charac-
terised by mainly shorter rides within the city,
from location A to B. So in some cases, these are
likely to be journeys previously made by (elec-
tric) bicycle which are replaced by a trip using a
free-floating shared car.
—Useofpublictransport:
limited impact
Finally, we considered change in the use of
public transport (bus, tram and metro). Across
all forms of car sharing, the number of journeys
using public transport increases slightly after
joining a car sharing organisation. The group
of car sharers who travel by bus, tram or metro
more or much more often (16%) is considerably
larger than the group who travel less or much
less often by public transport (10%), although
the difference is smaller than for bicycle use.
However, the majority of car sharers see no
change in their use of public transport (75%).
Change in bicycle travel behaviour since the start of car sharing
Round-trip
carshare
64.1%
nochange
30.0%
(much)more
often
5.9%(much)lessoften
Private
carshare
59.7%
nochange
36.1%
(much)more
often
4.2%(much)lessoften
Free-floating
carshare
19.2%
(much)less
often
64.7%
nochange
16.1%
(much)more
often
Among round-trip and private car sharers,
the proportion of customers who saw their
use of public transport (greatly) increase is
about twice as large as the group that travelled
(much) less often by bus, tram or metro since
starting car sharing. For free-floating car shar-
ing a different trend emerges: the proportion
of customers who use public transport less or
much less often is almost twenty times higher
than the proportion of customers who made
such journeys more or much more often. As
with the change in cycling behaviour, the typ-
ical intra-urban travel profile of a free-floating
car sharer explains the decline in public trans-
port use. The average free-floating car sharing
trip in Flanders in early 2022 was about 20 km
and 1 hour and 40 minutes. It may be that some
customers use free-floating shared cars as a sub-
stitute for the urban public transport network.Change in travel behaviour by bus, tram and metro since the start of car sharing
Free-floating
carshare
1.8%(much)moreoften
33.8%
(much)less
often
64.4%
nochange
Private
carshare
3.2%(much)lessoften
10.1%(much)
moreoften
86.7%
nochange
Round-trip
carshare
10.1%(much)lessoften
72.8%
nochange
17.1%
(much)more
often
16
29
CAR SHARER PROFILE
Who are the nearly 6,300 respondents who took
part in this survey? The average car sharer is
around 40, highly educated, lives with one or
two other family members and resides in a cen-
tral city. In the following paragraphs, we explore
the unweighted proportions within the sample
population. Where relevant we make a distinc-
tion between the different types of car sharing.
—Genderandage
51% of our respondents were men and 49%
women. 0.7% identified as neither. The propor-
tion of women among private car sharers (61%)
is significantly higher than in the full sample.
The largest group of car sharers is found in the
26–39 age group (35%). Combined with the
40–49-year-old category, they make up 60% of
all car sharers.
In terms of age, there are some interesting
differences between the different types of
car sharing. The largest group of over-65s
use round-trip car sharing schemes, at 11%.
Respondents aged 50–64 were the most likely
to use round-trip providers, at 27%. At 73%,
the figure for private car sharers in the middle
bracket, aged 26–49, is more than 10% higher
than for other providers. Finally, the average
age is lowest among free-floating car sharers.
Whereas for round-trip and private organisa-
tions, the proportion of users under 25 is just
4%, for free-floating car sharing it is 13%.
—Familycompositionandeducation
Just under three in ten car sharers are single
(27%) and one in three live with one other per-
son in the household (33%). 15% and 17% of
respondents, respectively, constitute a family of
3 or 4 people. Four in ten car sharers live with at
least two other people. We did not explicitly ask
about the ratio of children to adults, but we can
assume that a large part of that 40 per cent con-
sists of families with children. Almost half of
all car sharers are university graduates (49%).
More than one in three have a college-level
diploma. This confirms the picture that car
sharers tend to be (very) highly educated. The
lowest level of educational attainment is found
among free-floating car sharers. Just under a
third of these respondents have at most a sec-
ondary school diploma, which is two and three
times higher, respectively, than for round-trip
and private car sharers.
— Region: focal point in the cities
Finally, we observe the strong representation
of respondents from the largest Flemish cit-
ies. More than half of the respondents come
from Ghent (26%) and Antwerp (25%). If we add
the responses from Leuven and Mechelen, we
arrive at almost 70% of the sample. Car sharing
thrives in environments with high population
density, a quality supply of public transport and
cycling facilities and some form of parking reg-
ulation. So it makes sense that this is reflected
in the geographical distribution of respondents.
The average car
sharer is around 40,
highly educated,
lives with one or
two other family
members and resides
in a central city.
17
30
How many car sharers and shared cars did Bel-
gium actually have in 2022? How many were
there in Flanders, Brussels and Wallonia? On
average, how many trips do car sharers make
with a shared car, and what distances do they
cover? How do these numbers differ for each
type of car sharing? (see ‘What is car sharing?’)?
And what trends emerge if we include the fig-
ures from the past few years? The answers to all
these questions can be found in this section.cSTATE OF PLAY
CAR SHARINGIN2022
Number of car sharers, shared cars and trips in Belgium and the three regions
Flanders
Belgium
BrusselsCapitalRegion
Wallonia
67,578activecarsharers
3,420sharedcars
892,194 trips
3,638activecarsharers
317sharedcars
77,191 trips
50,178activecarsharers
1,579sharedcars
340,495 trips
121,394activecarsharers
5,316sharedcars
1,309,880 trips
18
31
THE NUMBER OF CAR SHARERSAND SHARED CARS TODAY
—Belgiumhas121,394activecarsharers
In 2022, 121,394 Belgians made active use of a
shared car. Around half were Flemish (67,578),
four in ten lived in Brussels (50,178), and 3%
were Walloons (3,638). This means that 1.6%
of Belgian driving licence holders are engaged
in car sharing, or half a percentage point more
than in 202117. In Flanders, this figure stands at
1.5% (+0.4 percentage points since 2021) and
in Wallonia at 0.2% (more or less unchanged
since the previous year). In addition, the high
acceptance rate of car sharing in Brussels is
particularly striking. In 2021, 4.3% of driving
licence holders in Brussels were already active
car sharers; in 2022 the proportion was 2 per-
centage points higher at 6.3%.
In our 2021 annual report, we argued that the
innovation phase of car sharing is over in Bel-
gium. According to Rogers’ innovation theory,
the ‘early adopters’ phase has now arrived. This
should manifest itself in spectacular growth in
the use or sale of a product. That prediction is
indeed coming true in Brussels and Flanders. In
these regions, the number of active car sharers
increased by 47% and 33% respectively com-
pared with 2021, meaning that 6.3% and 1.5%
of driving licence holders are now car sharing.
The number of registered users is more than
double the number of active users. Belgium
had 270,796 registered car sharers by the end
of 2022: 173,759 in Flanders, 90,485 in Brussels
and 6,552 in Wallonia.
—Registeredv.activeusers:
furtherconclusions
The figures shown above almost always refer
to active users, rather than registered users.
This distinction is important because it has
a big impact on the numbers. If, for example,
17 Calculation method: OVG 5.5: 83.38% of
Flemish over-18s have a driving licence //
Statistiek Vlaanderen: in 2022 there were
5,399,620 over-18s in Flanders. In 2022
therefore, around 4,502,203 Flemish people
had a driving licence. We could not find
any recent figures for the number of driving
licences in Belgium, Brussels and Wallonia. We
therefore elected to use the same percentage
as Flanders (83.38 % of over-18s). This may
lead to an underestimate in Brussels given pre-
2018 figures show that a quarter of Brussels
residents do not possess a driving licence.
5,761
180
53,478
3,458
62,155
Number of active car sharers in Belgium
by form of car sharing
Number of active car sharers in Wallonia
by form of car sharing
Private
Round-trip
Free-floating
In Brussels and
in Flanders, the number
of active car sharers
has increased by 47%
and 33% respectively
by 2021.5,115
29,526
32,937
Number of active car sharers in Flanders
by form of car sharing
Number of active car sharers in Brussels Capital
Region by form of car sharing
466
20,494
29,218
19
32
we look at the different forms of car sharing,
we find that almost three-quarters (73%) of all
registered round-trip car sharers actually took
part in car sharing in 2022. For free-floating and
private cost-sharing car sharers this stands at
48% and 32% respectively. The latter two forms
of car sharing generally involve slightly lower
(recurring) financial contributions (e.g. join-
ing or subscription fees) in order to use shared
cars, making the threshold for becoming a cus-
tomer lower.
In Belgium, 67% of all registered car sharers are
free-floating car users, followed by 27% round-
trip car sharers and 6% private car sharers.
Among active car sharers, on the other hand,
these proportions are quite a bit closer. Just
over half of all active car sharers use free-float-
ing cars (51%), 44% opt for round-trip cars and
5% choose private car sharing.
—Belgiumhas5,316sharedcars
The number of shared cars in Belgium exceed-
ed the 5,300 mark by the end of 2022, with 3,420
in Flanders (64%), 1,579 in Brussels (30%) and
317 in Wallonia (6%). Almost half of all shared
cars are owned by round-trip providers (2,491
or 47%). There are also 1,390 individual shared
cars (26%) and 1,435 free-floating shared cars
(27%).
In Belgium, 16% of all shared cars were fully
electric at the end of 2022. This is mainly due
to the efforts of providers and car sharers in
Flanders, where one shared car in four is elec-
tric. In Brussels and Wallonia, the figures stand
at 2% and 4% respectively. More than six in
ten electric shared cars belong to a round-trip
provider’s fleet. The remaining 28% and 9%
are found among free-floating providers or are
owned by individuals who share an electric car
with others.
On average, each shared car is used by 22 dif-
ferent active car sharers (see Table below). The
proportions in terms of the average number of
active users per shared car vary greatly depend-
ing on the type of car sharing. A free-floating
shared car is used by 43 different active cus-
tomers, a round-trip shared car by 21, and for
private car sharing, that ratio is four active
users per shared car. The number of active car
sharers per shared car is highest in Brussels
(32) and lowest in Wallonia (11).
General Round trip Free-floating Private
Belgium 23 21 43 4
Flanders 20 20 40 5
Brussels 32 26 47 3
Wallonia 11 15 /1.5
Number of active users per shared car, by form of
car sharing
1,390
174
196
2,491
785
121
1,435
620
Number of shared cars in Belgium
by form of car sharing
Number of shared cars in Brussels Capital Region
by form of car sharing
Number of shared cars in Flanders
by form of car sharing
Number of shared cars in Wallonia
by form of car sharing
1,510
1,095
815
Private
Round-trip
Free-floating
20
33
NUMBER OF TRIPS,DURATION & DISTANCE
In Belgium, more than 1.3 million trips by
shared car were recorded between 1 January
and 1 December 2022. Given that we received
no information on the number of free-floating
trips in the Brussels-Capital Region, the actu-
al number of trips is even higher (see reader’s
guide). Since these trips were for an average
distance of 51 km, an approximate 67 million
kilometres will have been travelled by shared
cars by 2022. That represents nearly 1,669 trips
around the equator or 87 trips to the moon and
back. The trips lasted for an average of 7 hours
49 minutes. As the mean is sensitive to outliers
and shared cars are also used for longer trips, we
also include the medians. The weighted average
median for kilometres travelled per trip across
providers is 25 kilometres. The median journey
time is 3 hours 33 minutes. A shared car record-
ed an average of 363 trips, representing around
one trip per day per shared car. An active car
sharer made an average of 15 trips a year.
Number of trips in Flanders
by form of car sharing
Of the more than 1.3 million trips recorded,
68% were in Flanders, 26% in Brussels and 6%
in Wallonia. The majority of trips were made
using a round-trip shared car (71%), almost
one in three 23% using a free-floating car and
7% using a privately shared car. For the latter
category, however, we only have data from the
car sharing organisation Dégage (see reader’s
guide), which means that the actual number of
trips using private shared cars, and hence the
overall number of trips using a shared car, is
higher than reported here.
In Flanders, the number of trips per shared
car averaged 338. On an annual basis, a
free-floating shared car makes almost twice as
many trips as a private shared car in Flanders
(410 versus 217 trips). A round-trip shared car is
in between, with an average of 337 trips.
In 2022 the average number of trips per active
car sharer stood at 14 in Flanders. Active pri-
vate car sharers made an average of 29 trips,
round-trip car sharers 17 and free-floating car
sharers 9 trips.
In Brussels, the average distance and dura tion
of a shared trip was 8 hours 25 minutes and 58
km. In terms of time, trips were on average the
longest in Wallonia (8 hours 35 minutes and 56
km.) In Flanders, the averages are close to the
figures for Belgium as a whole (7 hours 33 min-
utes and 48 km), which is not unexpected, given
the Flemish predominance in the total number
of trips.
A journey using a round-trip shared car takes
8 hours 00 minutes on average in Belgium
(median: 3 hours 36 minutes) and covers an
average of 58 kilometres (median: 27 km).
Free-floating shared cars generally cover a
slightly shorter distance: 20 kilometres on aver-
age. Trips are also shorter in time terms: one
hour 41 minutes on average. Private shared cars
89,594
509,373293,227
Private
Round-trip
Free-floating
Average distance ride (km) in Flanders
by form of car sharing
Average journey duration in Flanders
by form of car sharing
Average number of trips per shared car
in Flanders by form of car sharing
337
217
410
79.0
58.3
20.3
26:00:00
07:41:22
01:40:34
29
9
17
Average number of trips per car sharer
in Flanders by form of car sharing
21
34
HISTORICAL GROWTH
—Stronggrowthofactivecarsharers
The first time Autodelen.net collected (some)
figures for car sharing in Belgium was in early
2017. The number of registered car sharers then
stood at just over 28,000. Over the past six years,
this number has risen by a factor of almost 10 to
the current level of around 270,000. If we look at
the number of active car sharers, we observe an
increase of about 40% in 2022 compared with
a year earlier (see graphic below). The number
of active car sharers in Belgium increased by
33,000 in both 2022 and 2021.
record the longest trips on average: 26 hours
and 79 km (median: 10 hours).
In terms of estimated daily use, a shared car
in Belgium is used for an average of 476 min-
utes per day, equating to 32% of the time. A
free-floating vehicle is in use for an average of
114 minutes, equating to 8% of the time. For
round trip car sharing this is an average of 492
minutes, or 34% of the day. For private car shar-
ing this rises to 926 minutes or 64% of the time.
In both Wallonia and Brussels, shared cars are
in use about 40% of the time. In Flanders this is
a little below 30%. However, these figures must
be significantly qualified. By use, we mean here
the average time a shared car is reserved per
day. The reservation time does not correlate
one-to-one with the actual driving time in all
car sharing systems. A typical trip with a round-
trip or privately shared car consists of a journey
from location A to location B, a time period
during which the shared car is stationary and
a journey back from B to A. Thus, the journey
time or reservation time is longer than the actu-
al driving time. In free-floating car sharing, ‘one
way’ journeys (from A to B) are much more fre-
quent, so the actual driving time more closely
matches the journey time. This also explains
the lower per-day use.
The large differences in these data show that we
should not lump the different types and systems
together. Different car share systems attract
different types of users. Users of free-floating
systems, which work on a per-minute and/or
per-kilometre rate, mainly make shorter trips
from A to B, while most round-trip shared cars,
which apply an hourly rate, make on average
somewhat longer trips from A to B and back.
With private car sharing, on the other hand,
you only pay for the distance driven, making
longer use more advantageous in comparison
with the other systems.
Just as in 2021, free-floating car sharing record-
ed the strongest growth by comparison with
other car sharing systems, recording an addi-
tional 78% of active car sharers. Growth rates
are slightly lower for round-trip car sharing,
but there the stable annual growth is particu-
larly striking. In 2022, the number of customers
increased by around 12%. Both round-trip and
free-floating car sharing have virtually doubled
the number of active car sharers in two years.
For private car share we found a 13% rise in
active car sharers.
The biggest growth in the number of car shar-
ers was found in the capital. In Brussels the
number of active car sharers rose by 47% over
the year. In other words, almost half as many
Brussels residents again will have taken a trip
in a shared car in 2022 as in 2021. This strong
growth is mainly due to the rise of free-floating
car sharing. In Flanders the number of active
car sharers rose by 33% in comparison with
2021, and in Wallonia by 28%.
—Strongincreaseinsharedcars
In 2022 the number of shared cars rose by
14% in Belgium (+671 vehicles). This is the
strongest growth in the past five years. Large
contrasts can be seen in the evolution of the
number of (electric) shared vehicles across
car share segments. The round-trip shared car
fleet increased by 12% in 2022 compared with
a year earlier (+266 cars) and by 49% compared
with 2018. Private car sharing organisations
saw the total number of shared cars decline by
9% by 2022. This decrease is mainly explained
by a change in the way Cozywheels counts the
number of private shared cars in Brussels and
Wallonia and should therefore be seen as a
one-off adjustment to the data. The number of
Over the past six years,
the number of car
sharers increased by
almost a factor of
10, from 28,000 to
270,000 (registered)
car sharers today.
Private
Round-trip
Free-floating
Total
54,578
87,745
5,09222,204
34,889
47,764
62,155
53,478
32,374
5,761
121,394
Historical overview of active car sharers in Belgium
120,000
90,000
60,000
30,000
0
2020 2021 2022
22
35
free-floating shared cars increased by almost
60% in 2022, reaching a new peak after the
record in 2018. This is explained by the arriv-
al of German player Miles and the expansion
of Poppy’s fleet. At the end of 2018 there were
910 free- floating shared vehicles. At the end of
2022 there were 1,435. Based on the announce-
ments made by free-floating providers, we
expect further strong growth in the number of
free-floating shared cars in Belgium in 2023.
— Growth in electric shared cars stalls
The growth in the number of electric shared
cars slowed down in 2022. While between 26%
and 30% more electric shared cars entered the
market in 2020 and 2021, the figure was 5% in
2022. As a result, the proportion of electric cars
in the total shared fleet fell from 17% to 16%.
There are several explanations for this decline.
On the one hand, the spillover effects from the
corona pandemic and the war in Ukraine are
causing very long delivery times for new cars.
Second, the effects of scrapping the Flemish
zero-emission premium in 2020 are now visi-
ble on the ground. Together with high charging
rates due to the energy crisis, this makes invest-
ment in electric shared cars a less obvious
choice in 2022.
In 2022 the number of electric round-trip shared
cars rose by 17% in comparison with 2021. A year
earlier, growth stood at 45%. The propor tion of
electric cars in the total shared round-trip fleet
was 22% by 2022, the highest percentage in the
past five years. Private car sharing organisations
recorded strong growth in the number of electric
cars (42%, or 22 additional electric shared cars).
The number of electric free-floating shared cars
rose by 20% in comparison with 2021. This is
explained by Poppy’s decision to scale back its
electric shared car offering in recent years for
operational and financial reasons. That brings
the proportion of electric shared vehicles in the
overall fleet to 16%.
The Brussels-Capital Region has seen the great-
est growth in shared cars (+18%) in comparison
with the other regions but at the same time saw
the number of shared electric vehicles decline
by 32% on the previous year. That brings the
proportion of e-vehicles in the overall fleet to
2%. In Flanders, the proportion is much high-
er (24%) and the number of shared electric cars
also continued to grow in 2022 (+7%).
— More and longer trips
In comparison with a year earlier, 19% more jour-
neys were made using a shared car in Belgium in
2022 (1,312,234 vs 1,107,390). We further see that
the average trip distance is slightly longer than in
2021 (51 versus 46 km). The average journey time
rose from 6 hours 20 minutes in 2021 to 7 hours
49 minutes in 2022. The explanation lies mainly
in the sharp increase in the average distance and
duration of free-floating trips.
The number of journeys made with a round-trip
shared car increased by almost 30% compared
with 2021 (from 725,000 to 926,987 journeys)
and the average journey time also increased
by 42 minutes, to 8 hours. Among free-floating
car sharing organisations, the increase in the
average distance (from 12 to 20 km) and dura-
tion (from 41 min to 1h41min) of shared trips is
particularly striking. There are two reasons for
this. First, free-floating car sharing providers
allow ‘one way’ trips between different cities
in Belgium. This was not the case in previous
years, or much less so, resulting in more longer
trips. Second, operators have put more effort
into offering economical day packages, formu-
las where a fixed cost is paid for a full day’s use
of the shared car. This makes longer journeys
more affordable than with regular pricing. For
private car sharing organisations, we observe a
fairly large increase in the number of trips, from
53,000 in 2021 to almost 90,000 in 2022 (+71%).
In turn, the average distance fell from 111 to
79 km. Average trip duration also fell, from 29
hours to 26 hours. In Flanders, the number of
shared trips increased by 44% and the average
trip was half an hour longer than in 2021.
Finally, the average number of trips per shared
car in Belgium also rose by 14% when com-
pared with a year earlier, from 318 to 363. The
magic barrier of one trip per day on average is
all but broken, which is good news for the prof-
itability of the car sharing business model in
Belgium. The number of trips per shared car
is growing most strongly for private car shar-
ing, more precisely at the provider Dégage. The
number of trips per shared car at Dégage rose
from 148 to 217 over the year (+48%). Growth in
Flanders also stood out. There, trips per shared
car rose by more than a quarter over the year,
from 326 to 374.
The number of electric
shared cars increased
among round-trip
and private opera-
tors, but decreased
among free-floating
providers.
Historical overview of number of shared cars
in Belgium
Private
Round-trip
Free-floating
Total
3,874
1,804
1,380
690
4,645
2,225
1,520
900
5,316
2,491
1,435
1,390
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1,000
0
2020 2021 2022
23
36
SUMMARY OF KEY FIGURES
CAR SHARERS SHARED CARS TRIPS DURATION DISTANCE
Number
of active car
sharers
Number
of registered
car sharers
Number
of shared cars
Number
of electric
shared cars
Average
number of
active users
per shared car
Average
number of
trips per
shared car
Number
of trips
Average num-
ber of trips per
shared car per
day (334 days)
Average
number of trips
per active car
sharer
Average
journey
duration
Median
journey
duration
Average
journey
distance (km)
Median
journey
distance (km)
Belgium
TOTAL 121,394 270,796 5,316 851 23 363 1,312,234 1.09 15 7:48:52 3:33:00 51 24.8
Round-trip car sharing 53,478 73,532 2,491 537 21 374 926,987 1.12 17 8:00:25 3:35:50 58 27
Free-floating car sharing 62,155 180,837 1,435 240 43 411 295,581 1.23 10 1:41:07 /20.3 /
Private car sharing 5,761 16,427 1,390 74 4 217 89,666 0.65 29 26:01:53 10:00:00 79.1 /
Flanders
TOTAL 67,578 173,759 3,420 804 20 338 892,194 1.01 14 7:33:07 3:32:54 47.9 25.9
Round-trip car sharing 29,526 43,226 1,510 516 20 337 509,373 1.01 17 7:41:22 3:38:04 58.3 30.4
Free-floating car sharing 32,937 117,779 815 220 40 410 293,227 1.23 9 1:40:34 0:27:54 20.3 14.7
Private car sharing 5,115 12,754 1,095 68 5 217 89,594 0.65 29 26:00:00 10:00:00 79 /
Brussels
TOTAL 50,178 90,485 1,579 34 32 430 340,495 1.29 16 8:25:13 3:38:06 58.4 23.2
Round-trip car sharing 20,494 25,468 785 12 26 434 340,423 1.3 17 8:21:00 3:36:00 58 23
Free-floating car sharing 29,218 63,058 620 20 47 ////////
Private car sharing 466 1,959 174 2 3 72 72 0.22 4 65:00:00 52:00:00 178 /
Wallonia
TOTAL 3,638 6,552 317 13 11 426 77,191 1.28 22 8:35:17 3:41:35 56.4 27.3
Round-trip car sharing 3,458 4,838 196 9 19 426 77,191 1.28 22 8:35:17 3:41:35 56.4 27.3
Free-floating car sharing ////////////
Private car sharing 180 1,714 121 4 1.5 ////////
24
37
— Car sharing organisation:
a legal entity that has its own or leased fleet
and/or relies on pre-existing vehicles (belong-
ing to individuals or legal entities). All a car
sharing organisation’s vehicles are available
to users at any time unless they are in use by
another member or the owner, undergoing
maintenance or being recharged.
— Registered user/car sharer:
a person who is a customer or member of a car
sharing organisation, whether or not by paying
an entry fee and/or a periodic subscription fee.
Membership gives the user access to the car
sharing organisation’s shared cars.
—Activeuser/carsharer:
a registered user who has made at least one trip
using a shared car in the last year.
— Journey time:
the total time during which the user has exclu-
sive access to the shared car, regardless of the
actual driving time. This could also be described
as reservation time. A typical trip with a round-
trip or privately shared car consists of a journey
from location A to location B, a time period
during which the shared car is stationary and
a journey back from B to A. Thus, the journey
time or reservation time is longer than the actu-
al driving time. In free-floating car sharing, ‘one
way’ journeys (from A to B) are much more fre-
quent, so the actual driving time more closely
matches the journey time.
— Average journey time and distance:
to calculate average journey time and distance
for a given car sharing organisation segment
we used weighted averages. This means that
the relative share of a given car sharing organ-
isation (based on the total number of trips) is
taken into account.
— Average number of users per shared car:
the quotient of the number of a car sharing
organisation’s active users and the number of
shared cars it offers.
— Average number of journeys per user:
the quotient of the number of journeys made using
shared vehicles from a given car sharing organisa-
tion between 01/01/2022 and 01/12/2022 and the
number of active users of the same organisation.
— Average number of journeys
per shared vehicle:
the quotient of the number of journeys made
using shared vehicles from a car sharing organ-
isation between 01/01/2022 and 01/12/2022 and
the number of shared vehicles provided by that
organisation.
— Replacement ratio:
the number of private vehicles replaced by
one shared car. There are two types of replace-
ment ratio, real and hypothetical, and these
are combined in an integrated replacement
ratio. Methodologically, real and hypothetical
replacement ratios have a different status. The
real replacement ratio is based on the real trend
in car ownership up to the time of the study.
The hypothetical replacement ratio is based on
answers given instinctively by respondents. This
reflects intentions. For more details see under
Methodology.
gGLOSSARY
25
38
—Annex1:
Questionnaire used for
thecarsharers’impactsurvey
_In the past 12 months, how often have you
reserved a shared car from car share provid-
er x? (Once a week or more on average / more
than once a month on average but less than
once a week / once a month on average / less
than once a month on average / once / never)
_How many private cars does your household
currently own (including work-related and
company cars)? (none/1/2/3/ 4 or more)
_IF 2. = 1/2/3/4 or more, THEN: How many
work-related and company cars does your
household currently own? (none/1/2/3/4 or
more)
_IF 2.a = 1/2/3/4 or more, THEN: Have you
used a mobility budget for this purpose
(i.e. have you opted for a smaller salary or
company car so that you had extra budget
left over for other sustainable transport
alternatives or cash income)? (no/yes)
_IF 2. = 1/2/3/4 or more, THEN: How many
of the cars do you share with others?
(none/1/2/3/ 4 or more)
_In your family, have you dispensed with a car
by joining car share provider x? (no/yes)
_IF 3. = yes, THEN: How many cars have
you dispensed with by joining car share
provider x? (1/2/3 or more)
_IF 3. = yes, THEN: What part did your
membership of car sharing provider x play
in this decision? (of no importance/of little
importance/of some importance/of great
importance/of very great importance)
_How likely do you think it is that you would
have purchased an (additional) car if you had
not joined car sharing provider x? (We would
definitely have bought an (additional) car/We
would probably have bought an (additional)
car/We would have considered buying an
(additional) car/We would not have bought
an (additional) car)
_How often do you currently use the following
transport modes? (scale: daily or almost dai-
ly / 1 – 3 times a week / 1 – 3 times a month /
less than once a month / never or almost nev-
er / don’t know) – (Bus, tram or metro, Train,
Motorbike or moped, Bicycle, Electric bicycle,
(Shared) (electric) cargo bike or bicycle with
tow bar, Pedelec, Shared bike, Scooter, Own
car as driver, Shared car as driver, (Shared)
car as passenger, Taxi, Walking, Other)
_How has your use of other means of transport
changed since joining car sharing provider x?
(scale: Much more often – Often – No change
– Less often – Much less often) – (Bus, tram or
metro, Train, Motorbike or moped, Bicycle,
Electric bicycle, (Shared) (electric) cargo bike
or bicycle with tow bar, Pedelec, Shared bike,
Scooter, Own car as driver, Shared car as driv-
er, (Shared) car as passenger, Taxi, Walking,
Other)
_What is your gender? (m/f/x/rather not say)
_How old are you? (in years) [open field n
which to enter age in years]
_How many members does your household
have, including you yourself? (1/2/3/4/5 or
more)
_How many driving licences are there in your
household? (1/2/3/4/5 or more)
_What is the highest qualification you have
obtained? (Primary education/secondary
education/college/university/postgraduate)
_What is your employment situation? (working
full-time / working part-time / seeking work /
incapacitated for work/ student / retired / other)
_What is your postcode? [open field n which to
enter postcode]
aANNEXES
26
39
—Annex2:
SummaryofcarshareprovidersinBelgiumsinceinception
PLATFORM PLATFORM REGION STARTED ENDED
ROUND-TRIP
Cambio Wallonië Wallonia 2002
Cambio Brussel Brussels 2003
Cambio Vlaanderen Flanders 2004
Zen Car Brussels en Flanders 2011 2020
Bolides Flanders 2012 2020 (B2B only)
Wibee Belgium 2014
Partago Flanders 2015
Ubeeqo Brussels 2016 2019
Stapp.in Flanders 2016
Battmobility Flanders 2017
CoopStroom Flanders 2019
Justdrive Flanders 2019 2020
ShareMobility Flanders and Wallonia 2020
Claus2you Flanders 2021
Flexigo Flanders 2021
Klimaan Flanders 2021
Autosphère Wallonia 2022
FREE-FLOATING
Drivenow Brussels 2016 2019
Zipcar Brussels 2016 2019
Poppy Flanders 2018
Brussels 2019
GreenMobility Flanders and Brusselss 2020
Miles Flanders and Brusselss 2022
PRIVATE
Dégage!Flanders and Brusselss 1999
Cozywheels Belgium 2003
Tapazz Belgium 2014 2019 (still only B2B)
CarAmigo Belgium 2015 2019 (still only B2B)
Drivy Belgium 2016 Taken over by Getaround in 2019
Getaround Belgium 2019 (after takeover of Drivy)
27
40
COLOPHON
Publisher responsible
Autodelen.net, Koningin Astridlaan 185 box 201, 9000 Ghent
Content
Johannes Rodenbach, Jeffrey Matthijs, Bram Seeuws,
Suzanne Ryvers and Sarah Decombel
Design
Trien Pauwels, trien.org
Translation
Architekst
With thanks to
BattMobility, cambio, Claus2you, CoopStroom, Cozywheels,
Dégage, Flexigo, Getaround, GreenMobility, Klimaan, Miles,
Partago, Poppy, ShareMobility, Stapp.in and Wibee.
Copyrightandre-use
Unless otherwise stated, everything in this work is licensed
under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC
BY 4.0) licence. This means you may copy, adapt and further dis-
tribute this publication, even for commercial purposes, provided
that you credit the creator of the work. More info via creative-
commons.org.
Autodelen.net, February 2023
This publication was prepared with the support of the Interreg
North-West Europe project eHUBS, the Flemish Government, the
Flanders Agentschap Binnenlands Bestuur and Brussels Mobility.
28
41
Car Share Program
for Eagle County
Mayors and
Managers
June 16, 2023
42
What is a Car Share Program?
•A form of short-term car rental with more flexibility than traditional
rentals
•A membership-based model that reduces cost of vehicle ownership
•Comes in a variety of models (private, public, partnership)
•System design is customizable to specific markets
•Reserved and accessed by variety of means (web, app, mailed FOB, or
lock-box)
•Convenient pick-up or drop-off locations
•https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=23OooBtIDz0
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com 43
Car Share Opportunities
Opportunities
1.Achieve housing goals to reduce on-site parking and increase housing density
2.Increase accessibility and equity to mobility solutions
3.Support environmental and climate goals –reduces 9-15 private vehicles per car
share vehicle*
4.Compliment regional transportation initiatives
5.Reduce VMTs (Vehicle Miles Traveled), traffic congestion and parking demand
6.Improves guest experience and marketability
*Green Commuter, Colorado Car Share 44
Car Share Program Models
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com
Program Type Description Examples
3rd Party Vendor Program and fleet managed by
specialized 3rd party vendor
Zip Car, Envoy, Evie, Share Now
Self-Managed Organization owns and manages
the fleet and program
City of Aspen, City of Golden
Public-Private (NGO or business)
Partnership
Public entity adds support
(financial, program design,
visibility, locations) to bolster
program success
Green Commuter & Central Valley, Blink
Mobility and City of Los Angeles, Colorado
Car Share and Denver/Boulder
Other (Peer-to-peer, fractional, traditional
rental)
Individuals can rent car out to
others, shared ownership of
vehicles, and other
Turo, Getaround, Snapcar, Drivy, etc.
45
Car Share Model Strengths & Weaknesses
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com
Program Type Strengths Weaknesses
3rd Party Vendor
•Self-funded
•Risk is with vendor
•Strong fleet management
•Inherent risk
•Unknown local market
•Obstacles and barriers may exist
•Less alignment with community goals
Self-Managed
•Experienced fleet managers
•Focused on meeting specific goals (e.g.,
parking and density)
•Significant resources for car share maintenance
and operations
•High insurance expenses
Public/Private Partnership
•Program success is encouraged by municipal
support
•Program can be tailored towards goals
•Flexible program structure
•Pilot program success is not a given
•Multi-agency coordination required
•Some car share programs of this type have not
gone beyond the pilot stage 46
Car Share Models in Action
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com
Community # of Vehicles Annual Program Cost Cost to User
3rd Party Vendor
Boulder, Denver, Fort Collins
(Zipcar)
225 No cost to local
government
$7.50/hr, $70 annual membership
Self-Managed
Aspen (Car to Go)7 $56K (Not including staff
or cost of cars which were
grant funded)
$25 application fee,monthly $10
fee,$5.50/hour plus $0.25-$.65/mile
Public/Private Partnership
Boulder & Denver County
(Colorado Car Share)
50+Non-profit, self-sustaining,
collab costs for chargers
and discounts
Discounted for Boulder Housing Partners,
$5.50-$7.95/hr
Summit County-
Breckenridge (Colorado Car
Share)
2 EVs in Breck; 2 EVs in
Frisco; 2 EVs CMC
campuses
Pilot program through
2024 through Xcel grant
funding
$5.50 -7.95/hour plus per mile charge
$0.43 -$0.48/mile; Optional membership
for $12/month 47
Example Program: Aspen Car To Go
Key Features
•Geographically bounded
•Web -based scheduling
•60-minute user orientation
•Open to anyone with valid driver's license
•No discounted rates for specific user groups
•Multiple Vehicles –6 Hybrids, 1 EV, AWD, SUV and Truck
•Designated parking spots
•Designated EV charging stations
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com 48
Example Program: Colorado Car Share (Boulder & Denver)
Key Features:
•400-mile radius or in State of Colorado, whichever is larger
•Web -based scheduling, reservations or on-demand
•Online user orientation
•Open to anyone with valid driver's license
•Discounted rates for specific user groups (students,affordable housing residents,etc)
•Multiple vehicle types including hybrids, EVs, etc
•Designated pickup/drop-off locations
•Designated EV charging stations
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com 49
Car Share Considerations
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com 50
Grant Programs and Funding Opportunities
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com
Funding:
•Innovative Mobility Grant from Colorado Energy Office program is currently closed and future status
unknown:https://www.codot.gov/programs/innovativemobility/grants
•Inflation Reduction Act –Full $7500 towards leasing or buying a qualifying electric vehicle
•Xcel Energy program could assist with electric vehicles and charging infrastructure.Could locate in
Minturn to take advantage
•Energy Smart Colorado / Utility (HCE) provides rebates for EVs in Vail and EV charging elsewhere,
could apply to business start-up
•Collaborative approach across the region could share costs and risks of program
51
Next Steps
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com
1.Identify interested entities and create committee to steer program development
2.Determine appropriate program model, structure, timeline, and funding sources
3.Discuss future RFP
4.Gauge public interest and support
5.Customize parameters to meet goals
6.Formalize program
7.Implementation
52
Discussion
Town of Vail |TR vailgov.com
Questions and Discussion
53
December 1, 2023
Proposal: RFP 2023-10-23 Vail, Avon, Minturn, and Eagle County Regional Car Share Program
Cameron Millard, Energy Efficiency Coordinator
Town of Vail
75 South Frontage Road Vail, CO 81657
cmillard@vail.gov
Dear Mr. Millard,
On behalf of Colorado CarShare please accept this response to the Request for Proposals (RFP) for an
Eagle County Regional Car Share Program with Vail, Avon, Minturn, and Eagle County.
Building on our 25+ years of experience and current fleet of 75+ vehicles, Colorado CarShare provides
community access to shared, electric vehicles and other mobility options that have a positive impact on
health, wealth, and the shared environment. We aim to make Colorado a "cooler," healthier, and more
socially equitable place to live by helping our community to "get there better."
In our proposal we offer to work with partner communities to complete a feasibility and readiness
assessment to launch a robust electric vehicle (EV) community carshare in Eagle County, working closely
with community partners to advance transportation equity and human and environmental health. This
may be a bit different than what you are expecting, but we envision implementation of a carshare
program based on the outcomes of a feasibility and readiness roadmap where we can leverage existing
resources, in order to ensure greater likelihood of success during launch.
Our proposed process includes assessing county-wide carshare-mobility potential, with an emphasis on
electric and including under-serviced areas such as workforce housing and new residential
developments. The goal will be to improve the health and economic prospects of mixed income areas
while simultaneously reducing parking / traffic congestion and carbon emissions. We will also focus on
complementing other shared mobility options and or transit hubs (existing or new). This comprehensive
and thoughtful process will result in a blueprint to bring myriad EV carshare benefits to all residents,
particularly in mixed-income areas.
Thank you for your thoughtful consideration, and please note that this proposal shall remain valid for
one hundred twenty (120) days from the due date of the proposal (December 1, 2023).
Sincerely,
Peter D. Krahenbuhl, C.E.O.
54
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
2
2. Qualifications
Colorado CarShare Organizational Capacity & Operations
Colorado CarShare has over 25 years of experience with shared community mobility. In recent years,
with the urgent need to increase resilience to climate change, respond to high healthcare, housing, and
food costs, and societal changes related to lifestyles and employment brought on by the COVID
pandemic, we have seen a surge of interest in community carshare. There has been a particular demand
by individuals, businesses, and government for more electric vehicle (EV) carshare options.
Our fleet of vehicles across the state is conveniently located and available to our members 24/7, where
people live and work. We help reduce the burden of family households’ second largest expenditure next
to shelter -- transportation – while extending critical access to healthcare, employment, grocery stores,
and lower cost housing. We also provide access to the outdoors, including regional parks, recreational
trails, the mountains and open space for people who otherwise would not have access to nature.
Our largest existing carshare fleets are in the Denver-Metro Region and Boulder County, the latter of
which is where we began a successful carshare program in 1998. We have since expanded from urban
areas to include smaller communities (e.g. Longmont, Louisville, and Lafayette), as well as less dense,
affordable housing areas neighborhoods. We recently launched in Summit County (Breckenridge)
working with Xcel Energy on their Transportation Electrification Plan (TEP), and we are currently testing
a community carshare co-management opportunity with the town of Aspen’s CarToGo program.
Through these initiatives, we are the only carshare organization intimately familiar with operating this
service under the unique terrains, conditions, and socio-economic demographics within Colorado.
In every geographic program, we’ve worked closely with local partners, including:
● Municipalities: City and County of Denver, Boulder, Boulder County, Breckenridge, Aspen, etc.;
● Property Partners, including private property owners and affordable housing: Denver Housing
Authority, Boulder County Housing Authority, Urban Land Conservancy;
● Business: Boulder Chamber (on-site car location partnership), Denver Metro Chamber, the
Alliance Center (bi-directional EV carshare location) and local businesses;
● Educational institutions (University of Colorado, Naropa University, CO Mountain College);
● Local Nonprofits: Boulder Food Rescue, Denver Streets Partnership, the Alliance Center, etc.
● Utilities: Xcel Energy
In 2017 we commissioned a study to electrify our fleet, with the goal of becoming the nation’s first all-
electric nonprofit carshare organization. The following reflects our efforts from that process:
Current Fleet Profile:
● 77 fleet vehicles; 55 in service across the state (31% EVs);
● 22 additional EVs poised for deployment with existing program with Xcel Energy;
● Estimated 40% of our vehicles service to low-to-moderate income neighborhoods;
55
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
3
Colorado CarShare Team
We currently are a nonprofit team of 8 staff, led by a full Board of Directors and our Executive Director,
who would be actively involved in this project. Our fleet, tech and operations managers, as well as our
member service, administration and outreach staff will all actively participate in this program. Core staff
and Board Members are available here (https://carshare.org/team/) and include the following:
● Key Personnel – Peter D. Krahenbuhl, CEO & Executive Director; Bobbi Solis, Member Services &
Outreach Manager; Andrew Rathbun, Fleet & Technology Manager; Sarah Greenholz, Member
Services & Admin Assistant;
● We also have after-hours on-call support for 24/7 assistance in case of real-time emergencies,
and we will be looking to add staff up along the I-70 Corridor as our program grows there.
3. Project Development
Colorado CarShare’s mission, goals and outputs are directly aligned with the stated goals for an Eagle-
Valley regional car share program in the RFP. This includes the following:
1. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions
2. Less congestion and parking demand
3. Decreased VMT (Vehicle Miles Travelled)
4. Increased mobility alternatives, especially for local workforce and residents
5. Enhanced flexibility for guests who use regional transit, electric bike share, and
airport services
6. Equitable access to mobility solutions
In our round-trip, station-based carshare model, each carshare vehicle creates the following benefits:
● Replaces 9-13 personally owned vehicles
● Reduces an ~ 150,000 vehicle miles traveled (VMT)
● Averts over 8,000 gallons of gasoline from being used* (*EV savings are greater)
● Prevents over 73 tons of greenhouse gasses from entering the atmosphere*
● Helps our members drive an average of 44% less and save up to $6,500 in car expenses
● Reduces demand for parking, and traffic/congestion
Development Process
Colorado CarShare will work closely with the Partner Communities, including Vail, Minturn, Avon and
Eagle County, along with other community stakeholders, to develop a countywide carsharing program
based on an initial feasibility assessment and readiness process. In terms of program development, the
recommended process will include the following components:
56
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
4
Phase 1 – Community Site Assessment
We will work with partner communities to identify prospective carshare locations based on resident
demographics, partner needs, and existing or potential new dedicated charge station availability. This
will include identifying the most relevant neighborhoods for introducing carsharing (both existing and
new developments with parking reduction requirements, for example). We will also consider factors
impacting electric carshare such as customer adoption potential, equity considerations, operational
complexity, technical feasibility and viability. Equity considerations may also include current
transportation deficiencies, including lack of mobility options, affordability challenges, etc. We will also
consider charge station ownership and administration factors.
Phase 2 – Stakeholder Engagement & Policy Recommendations
A robust process for community engagement as well as developing site host partnerships (public &
private) will be vital to the success of this program. This will include the following components:
● For potential sites, identify key stakeholders recommended for engagement during the planning
process and/or implementation;
● Pilot engagement experiences;
● Use results for future engagement during implementation of additional locations;
● Collate EV carshare best practices policies from our experience and similar municipalities;
● Recommend policies that will be relevant for carshare expansion in the region. This will include
identifying barriers to adoption and lessons learned from other municipalities;
Phase 3 - Recommendations & Program Implementation
Based on the above activity we will synthesize analyses to arrive at suggested potential EV carshare
locations at a community/neighborhood and site-specific level. This will include business and financial
needs assessment, fleet size, funding requirements, vehicle procurement, replication, and sustainability
considerations. Recommendations for implementation will include a refinement of estimates provided
in this proposal related to partner costs, phases, and timeline for program launch, as well as
requirements for operational success.
We will work with the partner communities through the following process timeline to implement the
car share system and meet community goals.
Program Timeline Months
Activity (Responsible Party) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Sign Grant Agreement
Identify & overlay relevant data inputs
(e.g., housing, resident density, transit)
Identify most relevant carshare
neighborhoods/locations
57
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
5
Create policy recommendations that help
support carshare
Host site partnership assessment &
engagement
Create partner/community outreach plan
Finalize target neighborhoods for
community engagement & launch
Conduct pilot engagement
Procure & Deploy Vehicles
Rollout additional locations
Business Model, Pricing & Cost Sharing
Our carshare business operates on a membership model that allows users to choose a rate plan that
best suits their vehicle needs and driving demand. Fees are based on time (hourly rates in 15 minute
increments) and mileage. That way they literally only pay for what they use. See Section 4. Membership,
below regarding specific rate plan options.
This is the earned-income component of our nonprofit business model. Based on this, in our “free-
market” locations, such as core urban corridors like downtown Denver, each vehicle needs to earn
about $1.2k per vehicle per month to be self-sustaining.
To complement earned income in other locations, for example in more remote areas, smaller
communities, or for example affordable housing residences, we work with our partners to identify and
source funding to bridge likely revenue gaps. This allows us to support equitable transportation access in
those communities where other providers do not operate, which is a part of our nonprofit model. Think
of it as “self-drive transit”, which should be treated and supported as such.
So for example, where one vehicle location requires $14,400 annually on average to be viable ($1.2k /
mo. / vehicle), and it only earns half of that in earned income, then the “gap” that needs to be filled is
$7,200 per vehicle location per year.
This may come in the form of foundation or business grants or sponsorship, partnerships like our
program with Xcel Energy (EV procurement), or community partner cost-sharing, including vehicle
procurement and or operational costs. Community partner cost-sharing can also be directed toward
resident carshare credits, subsidies and discounts, for example. This helps incentivize residents to access
the program, as we’ve discovered the biggest barrier to regular carshare use is simply getting started.
This approach also helps communities meet their goals around mitigating traffic and parking congestion,
carbon emissions and other pollution, as well as improving social equity related to affordable
transportation.
58
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
6
Through this process we will work with community partners to identify sources of funding where
feasible, for example through the Community Accelerated Mobility Project (CAMP) out of the
Governor’s Energy Office, which may be available to support a program such as this. Regardless, in
addition to capital procurement costs (vehicles), any revenue not earned from carshare Member use will
require partner support.
Under-Represented Communities
Colorado CarShare has decades of expertise integrating carshare in mixed-income communities. We
recently implemented EV carshare in the affordable housing community of the Mariposa district of
Denver (located in the Lincoln Park neighborhood). Launched in 2019 in partnership with the City of
Denver and Denver Housing Authority, this location has been a resounding success. We attribute this
success to resident demographics and careful attention to community input and collaboration. This work
has given us critical experience related to cross-cultural/language education, centering equity, listening
carefully as we seek community feedback, and utilizing outreach channels and methods that resonate
with specific neighborhoods. Working with the City and County of Denver through the CARES Act during
the COVID pandemic, we also replicated our success in Mariposa in a half dozen other Denver
neighborhoods and have gleaned valuable insight that can be leveraged.
Not only do we use an equity lens related to carshare locations, but we do so with our fee structure as
well. When the economic impact of COVID-19 hit, we offered free driving credit to first-responders,
front line workers and volunteers. Later, we offered free carshare use to COVID vaccine appointments.
Most recently, in response to the devastating Marshall Fire in Boulder County, we took immediate
action to help those impacted by offering free carshare use. Where funding support is available, we
offer deeply discounted carshare rates and credits in affordable housing communities.
We look forward to leveraging our experience serving mixed-income communities to undertake a
comprehensive and thoughtful community engagement process. We also have specific rate plan
subsidies, deep discounts and carshare credit recommendations described in the Membership rate plan
section, below.
Member Service Profile
● More than 1/3 of our members are aged 50 and older.
● At least 50% live in low-to-mixed income (LMI) areas.
● 53.1% of members have combined family annual incomes of less than $50,000 (with 37% under
$35,000 in income).
● Many of our members participate in qualified affordable housing programs
● An estimated 40% of our existing fleet services LMI residents
59
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
7
4. Membership
All of our Membership rate plans and structures are available here (https://carshare.org/individual-
rates/). We have 3 easy rate plans based on the following considerations:
● Peace of Mind – If you drive LESS than 5 hours per month
● Free Wheelin’ – If you drive MORE than 5 hours per month
● Simply Hourly – If you want a plan with miles included (up to 150 miles per day); great for
longer, multi-day rentals
* The “Hourly Max” is the limit to the per hour charge of an extended car rental and is automatically
calculated. For example, a 12-hour reservation on the Free Wheelin’ plan is not $6.50 x 12 hours = $78; it
is “capped” at $69/day.
Mileage fees are calculated separately, making the rate you will be charged the next day for extended
trip the hourly cap plus the estimated mileage per hour of your reservation.
Electric Vehicle Discount! Our new EV Discount is $1 / hr or $10 / day off of the daily cap. Just choose
your vehicle type by electric vehicle and enjoy the savings!
Fuel and Insurance are included (*Except gas purchased during weekly rentals.)
Weekly Rates – $397* Applies to 4-7 day increment car rentals; $70/week surcharge for AWDs or trucks;
Includes insurance & first 250 miles ($0.30/mile after); Taxes & gas not included
*EV discounted rate is $367/week; $70/week surcharge for EUV’s
60
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
8
Any additional fees members might accrue, such as late fees, parking
tickets, or membership renewals, are available here (https://carshare.org/fees-credits/)
Low-Income Residential Support
Lower-income residents registered in a qualified affordable housing program may have options for
significantly subsidized rates pending partner support. If funding is available, we recommend deep
carshare discounts and subsidies that would include the following for qualified residents:
● Waived application fee ($25) + $75 in carshare credit = $100 in incentive. We find that the
biggest hurdle to getting folks involved in carshare is simply getting them into the program.
● 25% off of our most affordable hourly rate plan, the Free Wheelin’ Plan
● Waived $12 monthly subscription fees
User Experience
For new members to sign up, all the way to finishing a reservation, the process is described here:
Become a Member by completing the online application here. You must have at least 2 years of
licensed driving experience to apply.
Approval. It takes approximately 3-5 business days to approve membership, including processing your
motor vehicle record. Your driving record must be relatively good to be approved.
Key Fob / Card. Once your application is approved, your key fob will be sent in the mail in 1-2 business
days. Please be patient with the Post Office and do not reserve a vehicle until you receive your fob.
Watch this video to see how easy it is to use! (mobile app that will replace this is launching soon)
Once they are approved as a member, the user experience from making a reservation to
accessing/using/returning the vehicle, is as follows:
Get Started
1. Reserve a Vehicle
● Online at reservations.carshare.org (mobile app that will replace this is launching soon)
2. When You Get to the Car
● Use your key fob to unlock the door.
● Hold the fob against the fob read on the driver’s side windshield.
3. Drive
● Every time you enter or exit the car, use your key fob to unlock and lock the doors. For vehicles
with a push button start, depress the brake pedal when you push the start button. All other
vehicles have the ignition key tethered to the steering column.
● Call us immediately at 303.720.1185×3 if you are running late and are unable to extend your
booking (during business hours only). If you fail to notify us, you will be charged a Late Fee of $1
per minute.
61
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
9
4. At the End of Your Trip
● Return the car to its designated parking space. If the space is occupied, call us.
● Use your key fob to lock the doors and end your reservation.
The following Membership policies, procedures and other member information apply and are easily
accessible right on our website:
● Membership Info
● Member Handbook
● Membership Agreement
● Online Orientation
● Fees Schedule
● Privacy Policy
● Foreign Driving Records
● Insurance
5. Insurance
Our insurance coverage is detailed on our website here. For our Member drivers:
As the vehicles are owned (or leased) by Colorado CarShare, the policy provides primary coverage for
Auto Liability and physical damage coverages that are part of the Business Auto policy to anyone that
the organization provides permission to operate the owned vehicles. The Business Auto Coverage policy
is a standard Insurance Services Office with several endorsements that provide various broadened
coverages.
Colorado CarShare’s liability coverage is $1,000,000. This coverage pays for any bodily injury or property
damage that is caused by a Colorado CarShare driver’s negligence. This would pay for injuries to
someone in another vehicle or damage to their property – as long as the Colorado CarShare driver is
legally liable for the damages.
Damage to a Colorado CarShare vehicle caused by an accident would be paid for by our Collision
coverage (Physical Damage). This coverage is subject to a $1,000 deductible. Collision coverage pays for
any collision with our vehicles (including damage while parked) – regardless of who is at fault in the
accident.
If another party causes the damage to a Colorado CarShare vehicle, and they are found legally liable for
the damage, our insurance carrier would pay for the damage, but attempt to recover the amount paid
(plus our deductible) from the party who caused the damage.
62
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
10
Comprehensive Coverage pays for damage to Colorado CarShare vehicles caused by something other
than a collision. (ie: theft, vandalism, hail damage, etc). Collision with an animal is also covered under
Comprehensive. This coverage is also subject to a $1,000 deductible.
Colorado CarShare’s policy also has a $5,000 Medical Payments limit. This pays for medical bills incurred
by the driver and any passengers in a Colorado CarShare vehicle – regardless of fault. After the $5,000
limit is reached, if the other driver is legally liable, their liability policy pays for the injuries to a Colorado
CarShare driver. If they have no insurance, or it is a hit and run, then Colorado CarShare’s Uninsured
Motorist coverage pays for the injuries. If the Colorado CarShare driver is legally liable for the accident,
after the $5,000 in Medical Payments is exhausted, his/her personal medical insurance coverage would
pay for their medical bills.
Other than the $5,000 in Medical Payments, Colorado CarShare’s insurance does not cover injuries to
one of Colorado CarShare’s drivers if they have no medical insurance and their negligence causes the
accident.
* This is only a summary and not the legal language of our coverage.
Exclusions that are included in CarShare’s policy are those that are standard to the industry, such as
Terrorism, Terrorism that involves Nuclear, Biological or Chemical in nature, Communicable Disease,
Punitive Damages.
Regarding community partners being indemnified from liability, there are endorsements available that
can be added to the policy to provide Additional Insured Coverages as well as provide coverage for
Social Service Agency volunteers as Insureds.
Organizational Insurance Policies carried by Colorado CarShare include:
● Property Policy - Covers physical assets of the organization
● General Liability Policy - Covers the office space and related office exposures
● Umbrella Liability Policy – This policy provides excess limits to protect in case of catastrophic
losses. It provides these limits over the General Liability as well as the Auto Liability and
Workers Compensation limits.
● Workers Compensation Policy – Required by law to cover any employees of the organization.
Based on payroll of the classification of employees and their main duties.
● Directors & Officers Liability/Employment Practices Liability – Protection provided for the Board
of Directors and their operational decision making as well as financial decisions. This policy also
provides Employment Related Practices coverage as operations are as a NonProfit.
● Accident Policy – Provides for Medical coverages for the volunteers of the organization.
● Cyber Liability Policy – Provides protection for computer systems that contain personally
identifiable information. It contains various limits for exposures related to maintaining the
information you retain.
63
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
11
6. Technology, Innovation & Member Support
Colorado CarShare has been operating for 25 years as one of the nation’s longest running, and still
remaining carshare organizations. That implicitly requires keeping current with innovations in the
industry. For example, we were the first carshare nonprofit in the nation to commit to 100% fleet
electrification in 2017, and similarly we have been keeping our eye on technology trends (e.g.,
autonomous EVs, carshare vehicle to grid, solar to EV and hydrogen vehicles), as well as socio-economic
trends (e.g., providing subsidized carshare use to lower income communities) and user trends (e.g.,
connecting carshare with other forms of multi-modal transportation).
Colorado CarShare’s CEO also sits on the Board of Directors of the global Carsharing Association (CSA)
and speaks on the latest trends in the industry. Being actively involved in the CSA allows us to be kept
abreast of innovation and cutting-edge trends.
Technology
Our hardware is provided by Astus, a global leader in fleet and carshare vehicle service technology. The
Astus telemetry technology includes the physical connection between the car and the driver, for
example allowing the door to be unlocked when a legitimate reservation is made, the car to start, drive,
capture miles driven, vehicle tracking via GPS, etc.
Our software, called Engage, is provided by Modo, which is Canada’s leading carshare “Co-op”erative
(i.e. member-owned). Modo licenses the Engage software to other North American carshare
organizations. We have been working with Modo and the Engage software for over 10 years and it was
built specifically for the unique needs of carshare users and operators. The software is the interface with
our member customers, allowing them to sign up for the service, make reservations, obtain usage data
from the vehicle through the Astus hardware, receive and pay invoices, etc.
On the front-end, the user experience is seamlessly integrated via our mobile site or app, the latter of
which is currently being implemented. On the backend, our staff has access to a much deeper level of
administration related to fleet management, troubleshooting, member administration, support,
reservations, billing and payment activity, etc.
Our staff is available to our members during normal business hours (M-F, 9-5) for member service
support, billing, reservations, payment, vehicle cleaning, maintenance, etc. Additionally, we have 24/7
member support for real time “urgencies”/emergencies after hours, for example if:
● Members get into an accident;
● The car is not there, or the parking space is taken;
● They get a flat tire; the car won’t start or is not drivable;
● They are unable to access the car with their key fob / RFID card;
64
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
12
7. Fleet Recommendations, Maintenance & Management
We recommend battery electric (BEV) or Plug-in Hybrid EVs (PHEVs) in all locations. While we are willing
to consider a limited number of hybrid or traditional internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles where an
EV is not yet feasible/available (e.g., affordable truck EVs), in general it is not compatible with our goal
to electrify our fleet ASAP. Fuel economy will be dependent on vehicles available / procured.
Dedicated carshare charge station locations will be required to implement our program, or at least a
commitment to develop charge station locations that are dedicated to carshare parking within an
agreed timeframe. We are flexible with the network provider, though Chargepoint or another network
with a roaming agreement is preferred.
From a user perspective, our members need to be able to plug in to charge at the end of their
reservation, and the partner charge station location provider must be willing to provide the charging at
no cost to Colorado CarShare, or otherwise pay for it externally. In addition, we need to have basic
administrative access to the charge station network account, for example to be able to receive
notifications as to whether a car is plugged in/charging. Or for example, if there is an issue with the
charging station, we would need to be able to create a work order request directly or through the
partner station location owner.
We also educate our members related to charging, both at the end of a reservation and during their trip.
We provide charging RFID cards (typically ChargePoint with roaming capability) in-car, so they do not
have to pay for any charging. And we encourage them to download appropriate apps to help them find
charge stations should they need one during their trip.
Colorado CarShare has a fleet management system and staff to perform routine maintenance, repair,
cleaning, etc. We have regularly scheduled “rounds'' to perform these duties, along with “car captains”
(i.e., local members who help out with basic tasks such as car washes, etc., in exchange for carshare
credit). In addition, Members are required to do a walk-around at the beginning of each reservation and
report to Colorado CarShare any issues that need to be addressed. This then becomes a vehicle
maintenance or repair “ticket” in our system, and it is assigned staff to complete the necessary tasks.
If Eagle County and Colorado CarShare agree to work together, it is assumed that we will have to hire at
least one part-time fleet support person based out of the region. We will also expect a basic level of
agreed support from community partners (e.g., parking enforcement, charge station access, notification
if a vehicle is displaced, etc.).
65
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
13
8. Marketing, Education & Outreach
Marketing and outreach for the new carshare program will be determined through the development of
the readiness process in conjunction with community partners. It will be dependent on the level of
community partner support for engagement and is anticipated that it will be an iterative process.
Elements of that process and outreach activity may include:
● Create community partners stakeholder outreach list;
● Identify target neighborhoods for community engagement & launch;
● Conduct pilot engagement experiences;
● Create external PR, education and outreach materials (e.g., county partner media outlets, etc.);
● Create content for internal communications and outreach (e.g. social media, newsletters, etc.);
● Connect with regionally relevant stakeholders (e.g., Bustang);
● Create carshare use incentives for low-to-moderate (LMI) member residents, for example free
carshare credit, subsidized rates, etc. This will be dependent on Community Partner support;
● Targeted online and electronic communications related to the above;
● On-site communications (e.g., worker housing), such as e-communications, fliers, brochures, etc.
● Referral promotions (e.g., refer a friend and get carshare credit);
● On-car branded advertising (Colorado CarShare branding; Additional partner sponsorship
branding at additional cost may be considered)
● Search Engine Optimization and other digital marketing;
● On-site events (e.g., bike-to-work day, housing, ski resort, etc.)
We encourage and expect community partners to help us develop engagement strategies and support.
This may include, but is not limited to, outreach through housing and property managers, affordable
housing authorities, municipalities, workforce outreach in the private sector (e.g. Vail Resorts), etc.
9. Budget
The estimated budget below is based on an estimated program launch with eight (electric) vehicles in
Year 1, noting that this will vary depending on the actual number of vehicles deployed, as well as the
final cost of procured vehicles. Vehicle costs are conservative based on an average of $50k per EV,
assuming that the majority will be more expensive AWD EVs, but that some may be lower cost vehicles.
Year 1 also has higher up-front project management costs, including our CEO’s involvement in the
feasibility and readiness process. This results in an estimated Year 1 budget of $521,400, of which
$428,000 is directly related to vehicle procurement and carshare make-ready add-ons. That funding will
need to be secured locally or with external funding, for example through the Community Accelerated
Mobility Project (CAMP), which is a program of the Community Access Enterprise (CAE) in partnership
with the Colorado Energy Office (CEO).
66
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
14
On the income side, Colorado CarShare’s contribution to the overall budget through earned revenue
from carshare Member use (hourly + mileage fees) is an estimated $57,600. Thisi is based on low-to-
medium use in Year 1 of $600 / vehicle / month.
The Year 2 budget reflects the removal of all of the procurement and make-ready costs, as well as lower
project management costs, resulting in a budget of $84,400. On the income side, a modest increase in
estimated usage results in an earned income goal of $72,000 ($750 / vehicle / month), resulting in
required partner cost sharing or other support of only $12,400 in Year 2. Our goal is that an increase in
carshare usage would allow for the program to be self-sustaining by year three.
We recommend a two-year pilot and then a review of program viability, including options to continue
the program. Note that this will likely result in fleet size and or location adjustments.
Yr. 1 EV Carshare project -
Eagle County Budget
Cars 8
Expenses Amount Qty Total Notes
EV Charging Station Purchase - - - Partner Contribution - site host
EV Charging Station installation - - - Partner Contribution - site host
Vehicle procurement $50,000 8 $400,000 Costs will vary depending on vehicle
type/cost
Tech & Graphics (Procure & Install) $1,500 8 $12,000
Make-ready add-ons (e.g. snow tires, ski
racks, etc.) $2,000 8 $16,000
Vehicle Insurance $2,500 8 $20,000
Vehicle Maintenance & Repair $1,000 8 $8,000
Waived Membership Application Fee $25 100 $2,500 Estimate depends on new member
acquisition & use
Waive $12 monthly subscription fee for one
year $144 100 $14,400 Estimate depends on new member
acquisition & use
25% off of the Free Wheelin' plan for one
year $2,500 5 $12,500 Assumes 5% of new members are
regular users
Member Service, Admin & Outreach
Support* $1,000 12 $12,000 One year (12 months) of support
Fleet / Operations Support* $1,000 12 $12,000 One year (12 months) of support
Project Management/Overhead* $1,000 12 $12,000 One year (12 months) of support
*Staff Expenses
Total Program Budget $521,400 $428,000
Income
Partners (EVSI) - EVSI - Property owner
67
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
15
External Funding: Grant, Local support, etc. $463,800 89.0%
CO CarShare Contribution (earned
income)** 600 12 $57,600 11.0%
** CO CarShare Contributions will continue
past first year
$521,400
Yr. 2 EV Carshare project -
Eagle County Budget
Cars 8
Expenses Amount Qty Total Notes
EV Charging Station Purchase - - - Partner Contribution - site host
EV Charging Station installation - - - Partner Contribution - site host
Vehicle procurement $0 8 $0
Tech & Graphics (Procure & Install) $0 8 $0
Make-ready add-ons (e.g. snow tires, ski
racks, etc.) $0 8 $0
Vehicle Insurance $2,500 8 $20,000
Vehicle Maintenance & Repair $1,000 8 $8,000
Waived Membership Application Fee $25 100 $2,500 Estimate depends on new member
acquisition & use
Waive $12 monthly subscription fee for one
year $144 100 $14,400 Estimate depends on new member
acquisition & use
25% off of the Free Wheelin' plan for one
year $2,500 5 $12,500 Assumes 5% of new members are
regular users
Member Service, Admin & Outreach
Support* $1,000 12 $12,000 One year (12 months) of support
Fleet / Operations Support* $1,000 12 $12,000 One year (12 months) of support
Project Management/Overhead* $250 12 $3,000 One year (12 months) of support
*Staff Expenses
Total Program Budget $84,400
Income
Partners (EVSI) - EVSI - Property owner
External Funding: Grant, Local support, etc. $12,400 14.7%
CO CarShare Contribution (earned income)** 750 12 $72,000 85.3%
** CO CarShare Contributions will continue
past first year
$84,400
68
Colorado CarShare · 2855 63rd St., Boulder, CO 80301
www.carshare.org · 303.720.1185 · info@carshare.org
16
10. Evaluation
Within the context this regional program, we will focus on evaluating four primary goals:
1) Launch, operate, and maintain an agreed number of carshare vehicles in Eagle County. We will
measure that through fleet vehicle reports and usage data.
2) Provide program-related education, marketing / outreach, and communications to advance shared
mobility options in mixed-income communities. We will measure this through the number of people
reached through digital (i.e., e-communications) and physical (events, fliers, etc.) channels.
3) Provide successful access to an agreed to number of shared EVs in mixed-income communities in
Eagle County: Include subsidies with community partner support, such as discounted rates and credits
for mixed-income and workforce residents to ensure they have access to sustainable mobility solutions.
Evaluation metrics will include:
● Number of individual (members) / families serviced in project areas;
● Carshare hours available and booked by members by location;
● Percentage of time booked by location;
● Total bookings and distance by location;
● New member applications, location-based member and usage reports will be used to identify
the number of members joining in the service area.
4) Become a self-sustaining regional carshare program within three years. This will occur when earned
income covers costs, or if not feasible, when there is a longer-term commitment for local partner
community support to fill any needed revenue gaps.
Colorado CarShare will also meet with partner communities in order to ensure alignment with partner
goals around mobility, environment, and equity. We measure metrics of success based on reduction in
single occupancy vehicles (SOV), an increase in the use of alternative mobility modes, and an increase in
personal wealth and access to vital services in disadvantaged communities. We do so through: 1) Data
from our carshare vehicle use; 2) External national studies; and 3) Direct Member surveys.
We translate our data to quantify environmental, social and economic impacts, based on the fact that
on an annual basis, every round-trip station-based carshare vehicle in service results in the following:
• Replaces 9-13 personally owned vehicles;
• Reduces an ~ 150,000 vehicle miles traveled (VMT);
• Averts over 8,000 gallons of gasoline from being used* (*EV savings are greater);
• Prevents over 73 tons of greenhouse gasses from entering the atmosphere*
• Helps our members drive an average of 44% less and save around $6,500 in car expenses
Multiply that by our full fleet & 4k+ Members to measure our overall community impact!
69
AGENDA ITEM NO. 4.1
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
SUBMITTED BY:Jamie Leaman-Miller, Community Development
ITEM TYPE:DRB/PEC Update
AGENDA SECTION:DRB/PEC (5 min.)
SUBJECT:DRB/PEC Update
SUGGESTED ACTION:
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
DRB Results 1-17-24.pdf
PEC Results 1-22-24.pdf
70
Present:Rys Olsen
Herbert Roth
Kit Austin
Erin Iba
Absent:Kathryn Middleton
1.Virtual Meeting Link
Register to attend Design Review Board Meetings. Once registered, you will receive a
confirmation email containing information about joining this webinar.
2.Call to Order
3.Main Agenda
Final review of an exterior alteration (hot tub/walkway)
Address/ Legal Description: 3013 Booth Creek Drive/Lot 4, Block 2, Vail Village Filing 11
Planner: Heather Knight
Applicant Name: Thomas Conrad
3.1 DRB23-0338 - Conrad Residence
Final review of an exterior alteration (storefront)
Address/ Legal Description: 141 East Meadow Drive/Lot P & Tract C, Block 5D, Vail Village Filing 1
Planner: Greg Roy
Applicant Name: Fusalp, represented by Suman Architects
3.2 DRB23-0453 - Solaris
Conceptual review of a new multiple family residential development
Address/ Legal Description: North Frontage Road West/Tract A, Middle Creek Subdivision
Planner: Greg Roy
Applicant Name: Town of Vail, represented by George Ruther
3.3 DRB24-0004 - West Middle Creek
Conceptual only. No action taken.
(Austin recused)
Design Review Board Minutes
Wednesday, January 17, 2024
2:00 PM
Vail Town Council Chambers
DRB23-0338_Presentation.pdf
Rys Olsen made a motion to Approve with the findings the application meets 14-10-2 & 14-10-5; Herbert
Roth seconded the motion Passed (4 - 0).
DRB23-0453 Plans.pdf
Rys Olsen made a motion to Approve with the findings the application meets 14-10-2 & 14-10-5; Herbert
Roth seconded the motion Passed (4 - 0).
DRB24-0004 Conceptual Plans.pdf
1
Design Review Board Meeting Minutes of January 17, 2024 71
4.Staff Approvals
Final review of an exterior alteration (deck)
Address/ Legal Description: 1860 Meadow Ridge Road A6/Lot 8, Buffehr Creek Resubdivision
4.1 DRB23-0443 - Town of Vail
Planner: Greg Roy
Applicant Name: Town of Vail, represented by John King
Final review of an exterior alteration (windows)
4.2 DRB24-0005 - Dura Residence
Address/ Legal Description: 1136 Sandstone Drive A203/Lot A6, Block A, Lion's Ridge Subdivision Filing
1
Planner: Heather Knight
Applicant Name: Caroline Dura, represented by Home Depot
5.Staff Denials
6.Adjournment
(Austin not present for vote)
Rys Olsen made a motion to Adjourn
; Herbert Roth seconded the motion Passed (3 - 0).
2
Design Review Board Meeting Minutes of January 17, 2024 72
Present:Scott P McBride
John Rediker
Henry Pratt
Bill Jensen
Robyn Smith
Bobby Lipnick
Absent:Brad Hagedorn
1.Virtual Link
Register to attend the Planning and Environmental Commission meeting. Once registered,
you will receive a confirmation email containing information about joining this webinar.
2.Call to Order
3.Main Agenda
4.Approval of Minutes
4.1 PEC Results 1-8-24
5.Information Update
5.1 Go Vail 2045 Transportation Master Plan Update - Tom Kassmel
Tom Kassmel, Town Engineer, provided information concerning the GOVAIL Transportation Plan. The
purpose of this meeting is to discuss traffic and sound mitigation.
Information concerning public feedback was provided. General support and alignment with the plan.
Support for sidewalks and striped shoulders. Support for "road diets", flashing beacons at road
crossings, traffic calming and speed limits was presented. A discussion about speed limits of 15 mph or
20 mph was had.
Key takeaways from the public feedback included support for transit (East Vail to West Vail) and free-
fare from Edwards to Vail. Frontage Road skier parking was discussed.
Kassmel walked the Commission through existing traffic volumes and possible volumes in the future and
the potential impact on key intersections and possible roundabouts.
Kassmel discussed Travel Demand Management and the possible effect of Fare Free Zones on in town
traffic and parking.
A plan to expand the Vail Transit Center to allow greater bus capacity and accommodate additional
taxis/uber was presented.
Kassmel provided information on horizontal speed control measures and a pilot study on Chamonix.
Planning and Environmental Commission Minutes
Monday, January 22, 2024
1:00 PM
Vail Town Council Chambers
PEC Results 1-8-24.pdf
Bobby Lipnick made a motion to Approve ; Robyn Smith seconded the motion Passed (6 - 0).
PEC 1-22-24 Traffic, Transit Center, I-70 & Technology.pdf
PEC Memo 1-22-24.pdf
1
Planning and Environmental Commission Meeting Minutes of January 22, 2024 73
Additional discussion concerning traffic speeds ensued. The roads with the most speeding were
presented with corresponding traffic calming opportunities. A proposed outline of traffic calming policy
was walked through.
Proposed improvements to I-70 were presented. Kassmel presented noise study information and
increases observed. Potential methods to reduce noise along the I-70 corridor were provided. A
summary of I-70 tunnel options was also provided.
Kassmel concluded his presentation with information on Technology Trends. This includes autonomous
vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles and the ITS, connected vehicles and drone delivery.
6.Adjournment
Henry Pratt made a motion to Adjourn ; Robyn Smith seconded the motion Passed (6 - 0).
2
Planning and Environmental Commission Meeting Minutes of January 22, 2024 74
AGENDA ITEM NO. 5.1
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
SUBMITTED BY:Stephanie Bibbens, Town Manager
ITEM TYPE:Information Update
AGENDA SECTION:Information Update
SUBJECT:December 4, 2023 AIPP Meeting Minutes
SUGGESTED ACTION:
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
December 4, 2023 - Minutes.pdf
75
Public Notice - Art in Public Places Board Meeting Minutes
Monday, December 4, 2023
AIPP Board members present: Tracy Gordon, Susanne Graf, Kathy Langenwalter, Courtney St. John,
Lindsea Stowe
Others present: Molly Eppard - AIPP Coordinator, Greg Hall – Director of Public Works
1. Call to Order
2. No Citizen Participation
3. Main Agenda
3.1. Approval of November 6, 2023 minutes.
3.2. Dobson Ice Arena introduction of project and overview of public art opportunities
• Architect Patrick Gleason of Populous and Greg Hall Director of Public Works.
• Greg updates the Board on the status and timeline of the major renovation of Dobson Ice Arena.
• The project has an allocated public art budget.
• Patrick highlights exterior and interior opportunities for public art with the design of the arena. He
reviews the site plan, orientation of the entrances, pedestrian and vehicular flow, and interior uses.
• He discusses an artistic screening opportunity required due to a cooling tower. The existing concrete
towers with the murals will have to be removed. There is also a screening opportunity on the northeast.
• They would like to modify the existing art gates, so they are functional at the wider loading dock.
• Interior locations for art/murals are discussed.
• Construction is aimed to start April 2025. Greg remarks it is ideal to bring AIPP Board, artist(s) and
designers in early within the process.
3.3. Artist in Residency (AIR) visioning session
• Facilitated by Nine Dot Arts, Molly Casey and Mary Gangel.
4. Coordinator Updates.
• Winterfest update – new banners and printed materials are in production for winter programs.
• Old structure easily demolished where AIR studio will be sited.
• Strategic Plan formally adopted by Council at the November 7th meeting.
• Summer 2024 activations and installation of sculpture by Artist in Residence Squire Broel.
• Preliminary discussion of summer murals. Molly will inquire with Vail Valley Foundation (VVF) if they
are interested in sponsoring another mural in partnership with GoPro.
• Colorado University – College Media Communications Information capstone class presentations are
given to Board.
5. Adjournment.
76
AGENDA ITEM NO. 5.2
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
SUBMITTED BY:Missy Johnson, Housing
ITEM TYPE:Information Update
AGENDA SECTION:Information Update
SUBJECT:December 12, 2023 VLHA Minutes
SUGGESTED ACTION:
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
2023-12-12 VLHA Minutes.pdf
77
Vail Local Housing Authority Minutes
Tuesday, December 12, 2023
3:00 PM
Vail Town Council Chambers and via ZOOM
PRESENT ABSENT
Steve Lindstrom
Craig Denton
Kristin Williams
Dan Godec
James Wilkins
STAFF
George Ruther, Housing Director
Martha Anderson, Housing Coordinator
Missy Johnson, Housing Coordinator
1. Call to Order
1. 1 Call to Order
The meeting was called to order at 3 p.m. with a quorum present. Soon after, all authority
members were present.
1.2 Zoom Meeting 1 (Pre-Executive Session)
1.3 Zoom Meeting 2 (Post-Executive Session)
2. Citizen Participation
2.1 Citizen Participation
Presenter(s): Kyle Diebel, Vice President, ANB Bank Avon
Jaris Romeo and Kyle Deibel joined the meeting from ANB bank of Avon and Eagle.
They provided a brief of who they are and highlighted creative banking solutions
relevant to local Eagle County Employees seeking home-ownership. They are a
portfolio lender and can make decisions quickly. They can offer 125% of AMI buyers
95% financing without private mortgage insurance. They are familiar with the variety of
deed restrictions in Eagle County. Godec pointed out that with 260+ residences
available for purchase with Timber Ridge that there will be a lot of opportunity and
anticipate 9- 10 months from now that the Authority will seek unique solutions. Kyle
Deibel will be the primary point of contact for prospective buyers in the future.
3. Approval of Minutes
3.1 VLHA November 28, 2023 Minutes
MOTION: Williams SECOND: Denton PASSED: (5 - 0)
4. Main Agenda
4.1 Colorado Housing and Land Use Survey Results
Presenter(s): David Flaherty, CEO & Founder of Magellan Strategies
78
Background: The complete survey can be found here: Colorado Housing and Land Use
Opinion Survey | Magellan Strategies
Flaherty reviewed the presentation with primary focus on the local and state vs. regional
data. The survey was conducted in September 2023.
Survey objectives was to provide provide public sector clients, public policy partners,
elected officials and media with reliable voter opinion data regarding housing and land
use policy.
Topics such as satisfaction with current housing situation, how much of a problem is
the availability of rental and ownership opportunities, rate of speed of residential
housing grown and development, interpreting respondents' definition of "local
control", trust of local vs. state government, views of state policies and more.
Highlights include:
Among those that say that state policy would be more effective in addressing affordable
housing (26% of Coloradoans), they were asked why. They believe that themes include:
NIMBYism and special interests, state policy makers have the "bigger picture" in mind
compared to local decision-makers, the State has more resources and control over
policy enforcement, affordable housing is a statewide problem and needs a statewide
solution, keeping in mind that 1 out of 4 Coloradoans have this view.
49% of respondents believe that the state is not more effective in addressing the
problem of affordable housing. Reasons include: lack of local specificity, governments
should not be involved in housing, lack of trust in state government and belief that they
are detached from local problems, and distrust in state government and the fear of
overreaching state policies causing harm to communities.
The opinion of respondents about supporting state policy prohibiting local
governments from restricting the construction of multi-unit housing on residential land
zoned for single-family homes was split down the middle.
Those that support the above mentioned policy for a variety of reasons: because of the
need for affordable housing, the opinion that local government should not be involved,
and the diverse mix of diverse housing types will help address the problem.
Those that appose have a firm belief in local control, don't trust the government at the
state level, believe that it decreases the value of single-family homes in the area
and/or density could create infrastructure and parking problems.
The survey showed a wide variety of reasons why respondents believe there is a
housing problem, many of which are out of anyone's control.
Most local communities have a "NIMBY" or negative attitude regarding
multi-unit residential developments, and they would prefer single-family
residential developments.
Rent control will be introduced in legislative session and the details of the
policy will very much determine the support or lack of support.
Godec asked Flaherty what his sense of what might be proposed in this next session.
Flaherty suggests that there will be 12-13 bills and they will go through a lot of small
policies over time that could affect state zoning policies and mountain communities.
79
Linstrom asked for advise and Flaherty comments that the best place for the Authority
to use their voice would be individually as well as the authority cases of appeal with
consistency. Let them know that the group is there, to share how these policies could
negatively effect the mountain community. Flaherty suggests to show them where we've
been and what we've done with the all of the above successes. Show them Chamonix and
other projects that have showed success. Show that the authority is not representing the
developers etc. The youth are activists and there is a story to share with them. Be sure they
hear a lot from Vail and show the partnerships with local business and the community.
4.2 Discussion on Deed Restricted Home Demographics
Presenter(s): George Ruther, Housing Director
Ruther and Magellan led a further discussion around demographics as it relates to the
survey and future policy and solutions.
Who, what, where, why people are residing in Town of Vail EHUs. Seeking
Magellan's assistance to survey owners and/or renters to quantify and qualify who is
living in the deed restricted housing. Magellan has not done this type of survey but
he would be very interested. He suggests nice, open-ended verbatim information.
Another interesting survey would be the STR owners. The data would be a strong
public advocacy vehicle in effort to begin to establish trends and changes in
demographics over time.
Authority members are very interested in getting strategic moving forward. Ruther
and Magellan will reconnect and bring forward to the Authority for review and
consideration.
4.3 West End Project Presentation
Presenter(s): Jim Telling, Managing Partner - Vail Valley, East West Partners
Jim Telling joined the Authority to present the West End Project as a summary of the
planning, site plan and next steps.
After 620 days, they are getting to their first public meeting with the planning
commission on January 17th and hope to move forward with the County
Commissioners in the first quarter.
Quick summary about the project. The presentation has been used with a variety of
local HOAs, Edwards Metro District and more. Telling's intention is the present the
project to the group and seeks a letter of support from the Authority.
Located just to the west side of the Gas House, East West purchased the site just over
two years ago.
They have spent $1.8M thus far and currently working through the county process.
275 housing units with 70% deed restricted for Eagle County residents with 5% of the
70% will be deed-restricted units (80-100 AMI) in Eagle County.
In summary, it will be a high density, residential development. This is a typical Urban
Wrap project with parking in the middle. It will include fitness, pool, dog park,
community garden with a very sustainable approach. All electric and very close to lead
platinum with goal to be net zero operating.
80
East West is working with Dominique who is the planner of Edwards River Park. The
project is stand alone and parking is 430 spaces which equates to one per bedroom.
Master leases are a possibility for organizations such as East West Hospitality,
Venture Sports, Eagle County School District and more. East West does not want to
master lease the whole thing.
Telling requested a letter of support from the Authority and/or individuals. East West is
going broad in the community outreach because housing is needed in all shapes and
sizes.
4.4 Resolution No. 12, Series of 2023, A Resolution Adopting a Budget and
Making Appropriations to Pay the Costs, Expenses and Liabilities of the
Vail Local Housing Authority, for its Fiscal Year January 1, 2024 through
December 31, 2024.
Presenter(s): Jake Shipe, Budget Accountant and Martha Anderson, Housing Coordinator
MOTION: Wilkins SECOND: Williams PASSED: (5 - 0)
5. Matters from the Chairman and Authority Members
5.1 Matters from the Chairman and Authority Members
Presenter(s): Steve Lindstrom, VLHA Chairman
Lindstrom recapped the PEC meeting from December 11. The Housing Zone District
was thoroughly discussed and passed 4:3. First reading at Town Council on Tuesday,
December 19 and second reading on Tuesday, January 2nd.
The Authority has consensus to support the West End project with a letter of support.
Williams moved to leave the regular session and enter executive session at 4:26
p.m.
MOTION: Williams SECOND: Godec PASSED: (5 - 0)
6. Executive Session
6.1 Executive Session per C.R.S. §24-6-402(4)(a)(e) - to discuss the purchase,
acquisition, lease, transfer or sale of real, personal or other property interests and to
determine positions relative to matters that may be subject to negotiations;
developing strategy for negotiations; and instructing negotiators regarding: Certain
real property acquisitions.
Presenter(s): George Ruther, Housing Director
6.2 Executive Session per C.R.S. §24-6-402(4)(a)(e) - to discuss the purchase,
acquisition, lease, transfer or sale of real, personal or other property interests
and to determine positions relative to matters that may be subject to
negotiations; developing strategy for negotiations; and instructing negotiators
regarding: Vail InDEED.
Presenter(s): Martha Anderson, Housing Coordinator
81
6.3 Executive Session per C.R.S. §24-6-402(4)(a)(e) - to discuss the purchase,
acquisition, lease, transfer or sale of real, personal or other property interests
and to determine positions relative to matters that may be subject to
negotiations; developing strategy for negotiations; and instructing negotiators
regarding: EHU Exchange.
Presenter(s): Martha Anderson, Housing Coordinator
7. Any Action as a Result of Executive Session
7.1 Any Action as a Result of Executive Session
The authority reentered regular session at 5:07 p.m.
James Wilkins made a motion to Authorize Instructed to staff to move forward as
determined in Executive Session.
MOTION: Wilkins SECOND: Denton PASSED: (5 - 0)
8. Adjournment
8.1 Adjournment 5:00 PM (Estimate)
The meeting adjourned at 5:07 p.m.
MOTION: Williams SECOND: Wilkins PASSED: (5 - 0)
9. Future Agenda Items
9.1 Vail Housing 2027
Land Banking
Investment Banker Discussion
Review Retirement and Remote Worker Policies
10. Next Meeting Date
10.1 Next Meeting Date January 9, 2024
82
AGENDA ITEM NO. 5.3
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
SUBMITTED BY:Abby Oliveira, Economic Development
ITEM TYPE:Information Update
AGENDA SECTION:Information Update
SUBJECT:January 18, 2024 VLMDAC Regular Meeting and January 19, 2024
VLMDAC Special Meeting Minutes
SUGGESTED ACTION:
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
VLMDAC special meeting minutes January 19, 2024.pdf
VLMDAC meeting minutes January 18, 2024.pdf
83
Public Notice
Vail Local Marketing District Advisory Council
Special Meeting
January 19, 2024 10:30am
AGENDA
Jana called the meeting to order at 10:34am
Board Members attendees:
Esmarie Faessler (Sonnenalp), Jana Morgan (Sweet Basil) Liana Moore (Antlers),
Theron Gore (East West), Sam Biszantz (Town Council) Douglas Kessler (Homeowner),
Kim Fuller (Jaunt Media Collection)
Additional attendees:
Liz Gladitsch (Town of Vail), Slade Cogswell (970), Michal Bednarczyk (970), Kristin
Yantis (MYPR), Mia Vlaar (Town of Vail), Ben Walton (Miles), Beth Wright-Cheeseman
(Miles), Jeremy Coleman (BAAG), Michal Bednarczyk (970), Caitlin Hanely (East West),
Chris Romer (VVP), Bobby Lheureux (Jaunt Media Collection), Robyn Smith (Resident)
I. Brand Platform Discovery Phase Review & Discussion (30 minutes) Resonance
Presented findings of the research, survey and focus groups
II. Brand Architecture Review & Discussion (90 minutes) Resonance and VLMDAC
Board
Familiarize yourself with this Brand Archetypes resource for the discussion.
Understand that a brand position is an internal guide, not the external consumer
facing brand.
3 different brand archetypes were presented. The board was asked to narrow down to two for Resonance to move forward
The Magician // Connector
The Ruler // Excellence The Creator // Visionary
84
Majority agreed on The Magician // Connector but the archetype word
“Magician” isn’t the one word that best describes the brand position statement. Connector resonates best.
Ruler seems to be more of the Vail Mountain brand position. Creator was a close
second but not as strong as connector.
III. Other Business
IV. Adjournment Liana / Theron / Unanimous
Upcoming Meetings:
VLMD Meeting, Tuesday, February 6, 2024 Vail Town Council Chambers
VLMDAC Board Meeting, Thursday, February 15, 2024, Grand View Room
85
Vail Local Marketing District Advisory Council
Monthly Meeting
January 18, 2024, 8:30am
Grand View Room
AGENDA
VLMDAC Board Member Attendees:
In Person- Esmarie Faessler (Sonnenalp), Jana Morgan (Sweet Basil) Liana
Moore (Antlers), Theron Gore (East West), Douglas Kessler (Homeowner), Sam
Biszantz (Council Rep/Root & Flower) Kim Fuller (), Jonathan Reap (Four
Seasons),
Zoom-
Additional attendees:
In Person- Liz Gladitsch (Town of Vail), Michal Bednarczyk (970), Mia Vlaar
(Town of Vail), Chris Romer (Vail Valley Partnership), Carlie Smith (Town of Vail)
Kim Brussow (Vail Valley Partnership), Slade Cogswell (970)
Zoom- Kay Schneider (Vail Valley Partnership), Parker Owens (Bravo! Vail),
Jenna Luberto (BAAG), Jeremy Coleman (BAAG), Danielle Amos (Miles), Ivy
Vaughn (Miles), Amanda McNally (MYPR), Bob Brown (BAAG), Caitlin Row,
Callie Winter, Eric Thompson (Ripe), Geoff Grimmer, Kristin Yantis (MYPR), Sara
Ostrand, Steve Correa (Ripe)
Call to Order
Esmarie called the meeting to order 8:44 AM
I. SWEARING IN NEW VLMDAC MEMBERS Stephanie Bibbens
Kim Fuller, Jonathan Reap, and Jana Morgan
II. MONTHLY FINANCIAL REPORT
Through November tax collections $146.900, 3% down from 2022, 7.8% up
from budget
Year to date collections total $4.6mil., 1.6% increase from 2022 and 2.4%
increase compared to budget
Expenditures $5.4mil., that is $1.4mil better than budget (year-end
expenditures are still coming in)
Interest collections to date $125,000 investment account earning a little over
5%
III. MINUTES Approval
• VLMDAC December 21, 2023 Minutes Approval
Approval first Jonathan/ Jana second /unanimous
86
IV. INFORMATION & DISCUSSION UPDATES
Motion to move our booking agency from BookDirect to Ripe
Jana First / Jonathan Second/unanimous
• 2024 GOALS & TACTICS
Tactics presented and discussed.
New Influencer Program strategy with Trip Scout was discussed and
will be tabled until February’s meeting where a new direction will be
presented.
Ripe presented on their booking engine. This would replace the
existing lodging platform, BookDirect. Liz asked the Board to consider
moving to Ripe with a partial contract with BookDirect to overlap.
• 2024 CAMPAIGN UPDATE
6-30-90 second videos presented
• WEBSITE UPDATES
Interactive Map being developed will present in February
• TOWN OF VAIL UPDATES
• OTHER BUSINESS
• ADJOURNMENT
Jana called the meeting to adjourn 11:09am Jonathan first / Douglas
second /unanimous
Upcoming Meetings:
Special VLMDAC Board Meeting, Friday, January 19, 2024, Virtual
VLMD Meeting, Tuesday, February 6, 2024, Vail Town Council Chambers
87
VLMDAC Board Meeting, Thursday, February 15, 2024, Grand View Room
88
AGENDA ITEM NO. 5.4
Item Cover Page
DATE:February 6, 2024
SUBMITTED BY:Jake Shipe
ITEM TYPE:Information Update
AGENDA SECTION:Information Update
SUBJECT:January 2024 Revenue Update
SUGGESTED ACTION:
VAIL TOWN COUNCIL AGENDA ITEM REPORT
ATTACHMENTS:
240206 Revenue Update.pdf
89
1
TOWN OF VAIL
REVENUE UPDATE
February 6, 2024
4.0% General Sales Tax
Upon receipt of all sales tax returns, December 2023 collections are estimated to
be $5,670,649, up 1.2% from 2022 and up 10.4% from the amended budget. 2023
YTD collections of $41,826,064 are up 2.6% from 2022 and up 4.3% from the
amended budget. Inflation as measured by the consumer price index was up 3.4%
for the 12-months ending December 2023. The annual amended budget totals
$40.1 million.
0.5% Housing Fund Sales Tax
Upon receipt of all sales tax returns, December 2023 collections of the 0.5%
housing sales tax are estimated to be $685,388, up 2.0% from 2022 and up 10.9%
from the amended budget. 2023 YTD collections of $5,068,867 are up 2.3% from
2022 and up 4.3% from the amended budget. The 2023 amended budget for the
housing fund sales tax totals $4.9 million.
Real Estate Transfer Tax (RETT)
Unaudited 2023 RETT collections total $7,993,433, down (16.8)% from 2022. The
2023 RETT amended budget totals $7,600,000.
Construction Use Tax
Unaudited 2023 Use Tax collections total $2,548,274 compared to $2,189,830 in
2022. The 2023 amended budget totals $2,200,000.
Lift Tax
Unaudited 2023 lift tax collections total $6,536,433, up 1.0% or $62,815 from 2022.
The 2023 amended budget totals $6,234,550.
Daily Parking Sales
Daily sales from the parking structures from November through January 25 total
approximately $3,233,153, down $(131,494), or (3.9)% from this time last year.
This amount includes daily fees charged to parking passholders.
Parking Pass Sales
Parking pass sale revenue through January 26 for the 2023/2024 winter season
totals $1,126,290, down (24.5)% or $(365,236) from this time last year. A total of
1,566 passes have been sold this year. A detailed breakout of 2023/24 passes
sold by type is provided in the chart on the following page:
90
2
*In order to provide a better customer service experience while staff explores an
alternative pass sales system, the annual fees for the Eagle County Local and Vail
Local passes were waived. Prior year passes were auto-renewed for the
2023/2024 season for pass holders who purchased these passes for the
2022/2023 winter season. Of the 1,582 auto renewed Eagle County Locals passes
1,288 have been used during the 2023/2024 winter season. Of the 1,539 auto
renewed Vail Local passes 1,314 have been used during the 2023/2024 winter
season.
Summary
Across all funds, year-to-date total revenue of $94.2 million is up 5.2% from the
amended budget and up 7.2% from prior year. The majority of the positive variance
compared to the amended budget is due to higher-than-expected sales tax, daily
parking fees, earnings on investments, construction use tax, and real estate
transfer tax.
Pass Type
2023/24
Oct-Jan
Sales
2023/24 Auto-
Renewed
Passes
Utilized
Total
2023/24
Passes
2022/23
Oct-Jan
Sales
Change
from
prior
season
Premier 25 - 25 21 4
Vail Village Business Premier 60 - 60 65 (5)
Lionshead Business Premier 3 - 3 11 (8)
Employee 418 - 418 495 (77)
Employee Plus 351 - 351 359 (8)
Eagle County Local* 373 1,288 1,661 1,602 59
Vail Local* 336 1,314 1,650 1,578 72
Total 1,566 2,602 4,168 4,131 37
91
2023 Amended Budget % change % change
2018 2019 2020 Budget Variance from 2022 from Budget
January 3,597,610$ 4,079,994$ 4,076,145$ 3,422,209$ 5,217,125$ 5,904,670$ 5,911,505$ 6,835$ 13.31%0.12%
February 3,818,356 4,137,087 4,285,633 3,691,850 5,686,585 6,030,915 6,041,040 10,125 6.23%0.17%
March 4,167,880 4,237,933 2,243,518 4,364,797 5,912,059 6,034,154 6,055,800 21,646 2.43%0.36%
April 1,233,474 1,445,071 427,518 1,751,528 2,234,296 2,213,286 2,264,836 51,550 1.37%2.33%
May 830,193 763,756 503,828 1,061,516 1,227,974 1,043,778 1,117,956 74,178 -8.96%7.11%
June 1,648,443 1,606,748 1,023,517 2,149,312 2,317,931 2,132,497 2,272,392 139,895 -1.96%6.56%
July 2,412,425 2,480,292 2,084,644 3,491,668 3,507,973 3,227,335 3,405,034 177,699 -2.93%5.51%
August 2,195,175 2,237,050 2,138,838 2,877,550 2,997,389 2,757,598 2,928,324 170,726 -2.30%6.19%
September 1,540,490 1,600,100 1,767,393 2,359,528 2,441,331 2,246,025 2,504,886 258,861 2.60%11.53%
October 1,106,596 1,165,176 1,371,727 1,734,964 1,729,558 1,591,193 1,763,592 172,399 1.97%10.83%
November 1,264,600 1,260,314 1,425,461 1,880,397 1,902,643 1,750,432 1,890,050 139,618 -0.66%7.98%
December 4,070,870 4,237,178 3,625,189 5,749,365 5,602,018 5,153,117 5,670,649 517,532 1.23%10.04%
Total 27,886,112$ 29,250,698$ 24,973,411$ 34,534,683$ 40,776,882$ 40,085,000$ 41,826,064$ 1,741,064$ 2.57%4.34%
2022 2023 Amended Budget % change % change
Collections Budget Variance from 2022 from Budget
January 645,487$ 720,043$ 720,897$ 854$ 11.68%0.12%
February 702,730 735,514 736,780 1,266 4.85%0.17%
March 719,717 735,514 738,220 2,706 2.57%0.37%
April 269,018 259,234 271,923 12,689 1.08%4.89%
May 146,657 134,924 132,326 (2,598) -9.77%-1.93%
June 280,460 258,023 275,104 17,081 -1.91%6.62%
July 424,602 390,634 411,944 21,310 -2.98%5.46%
August 361,165 332,272 352,414 20,142 -2.42%6.06%
September 294,861 271,272 303,671 32,399 2.99%11.94%
October 207,397 190,805 212,347 21,542 2.39%11.29%
November 230,383 211,952 227,854 15,902 -1.10%7.50%
December 671,982 618,223 685,388 67,165 1.99%10.86%
Total 4,954,459$ 4,858,410$ 5,068,867$ 210,457$ 2.31%4.33%
Town of Vail Revenue Update
February 6, 2024
4.0% GENERAL SALES TAX2023 Budget Comparison
0.5% Collected
Sales Tax
0.5% HOUSING SALES TAX
2023 Budget Comparison
Actual 4.0% Collections 4.0% Collected
Sales Tax20212022
92
Town of Vail Revenue Update
February 6, 2024
YTD 4% General Sales Tax Collections By Year
Through December 31
December 4% General Sales Tax Collections By Year
Through December 31
•December collections of $5,670,649 are up 1.2% from prior year and are up 10.0% from the
amended budget.
$4,237,178
$3,625,189
$5,749,365
$5,602,018
$5,670,649
$0 $1,000,000 $2,000,000 $3,000,000 $4,000,000 $5,000,000 $6,000,000
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
$29,250,698
$24,973,411
$34,534,683
$40,776,882
$41,826,064
$0 $10,000,000 $20,000,000 $30,000,000 $40,000,000
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
•YTD collections of $41,826,064 are up 2.6% from prior year and are up 4.3%from the amended
budget.
•Inflation as measured by the consumer price index was up 3.4% in December.
93
Town of Vail Revenue Update
February 6, 2024
December 0.5% Housing Fund Sales Tax Collections By Year
Real Estate Transfer Tax by Year
YTD Through December 2023
December Collections YTD Collections
•This chart shows YTD collections of 1% RETT, segmented by real property values. 2023
collections are down (16.8)% from the prior year.
$0
$2,000,000
$4,000,000
$6,000,000
$8,000,000
$10,000,000
$12,000,000
$14,000,000
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
Sales Less Than $2.5 Million Sales $2.5 to $5 Million Sales $5 to $10 Million Sales Over $10 Million
$7,224,668
$10,448,525
$13,371,555
$9,603,456
$7,993,433
•December collections of $685,388 are up 2.0% from prior year and are up 10.9% from the
amended budget.YTD collections of $5.1M are up 2.3% from this time last year and are up
4.3% from the amended budget.
$671,982 $685,388
$0
$100,000
$200,000
$300,000
$400,000
$500,000
$600,000
$700,000
$800,000
2022 2023
$4,954,459 $5,068,867
$0
$1,000,000
$2,000,000
$3,000,000
$4,000,000
$5,000,000
$6,000,000
2022 2023
94
Town of Vail Revenue Update
February 6, 2024
Construction Use Tax by Year
YTD Through December 2023
YTD Lift Tax Collections
YTD Through December 2023
•Use Tax collections through December 31 total $2,548,271, compared to $2,189,830 from this
time last year. This is an increase of 16.4%.
$2,467,928
$2,078,577
$3,682,745
$2,189,830
$2,548,274
$0
$500,000
$1,000,000
$1,500,000
$2,000,000
$2,500,000
$3,000,000
$3,500,000
$4,000,000
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
•2023 YTD lift tax collections of $6,536,433 are up 1.0% or $62,815 from the same time last year.
$5,341,369
$4,095,812
$5,518,890
$6,473,618
$6,536,433
$0 $1,000,000 $2,000,000 $3,000,000 $4,000,000 $5,000,000 $6,000,000 $7,000,000
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
95
Vail Business Review
November 2023
February 6, 2024
The Vail Business Review breaks down the 4.5% sales tax collected for the month of
November 2023. The 4.5% sales tax includes the town’s general 4% sales tax and the
0.5% housing sales tax supported by Town of Vail voters during the November 2021
election, effective January 1, 2022. The housing sales tax sunsets on December 31,
2051.
Overall, November 4.5% sales tax was down from the prior year (0.6%). Retail
increased 4.2%, lodging decreased (1.6%), food and beverage decreased (3.2%), and
utilities/other decreased (13.9%). Excluding the out-of-town category, sales tax for the
month of November was down (0.5%) compared to prior year.
Town of Vail sales tax forms, the Vail Business Review, and sales tax worksheets are
available on the internet at vail.gov. You may email me to request to have the Vail
Business Review and the sales tax worksheet emailed to you automatically.
Please remember when reading the Vail Business Review that it is produced from sales
tax collections as opposed to actual gross sales.
If you have any questions or comments, please feel free to call me at (970) 479-2125 or
Carlie Smith, Finance Director, at (970) 479-2119.
Sincerely,
Lauren Noll
Sales Tax Administrator
96
Town of Vail Business Review
November Sales Tax Collections by Year
November 2023 Sales Tax
November 2022
Sales Tax Collections by Business Type
November 2023
992,797
Lodging
570,793
Food &
Beverage
363,973
Utilities &
Other
190,192
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
4.2%(3.2%)(13.9%)
Retail
1,267,783
1,389,683
1,884,730
$0 $250,000 $500,000 $750,000 $1,000,000 $1,250,000 $1,500,000 $1,750,000 $2,000,000 $2,250,000
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
General Sales Tax
Housing Sales Tax
2,129,949
2,117,756
• November 2023 retail sales increased 4.2%, lodging decreased (1.6%), food and beverage
decreased (3.2%), and utilities and other decreased (13.9%).
• The figures above reflect 4.5% sales tax.
Retail
953,138
Lodging
580,140
Food &
Beverage
375,821
Utilities &
Other
220,851
$0
$200,000
$400,000
$600,000
$800,000
$1,000,000
(1.6%)
• This report represents collections of Town of Vail sales tax, as opposed to actual gross sales.
• On January 1st, 2022, Town of Vail sales tax increased from 4.0% to 4.5% on all items except food for
home consumption. 2022 and 2023 above include the 0.5% increase to sales tax, depicted in light
blue. Prior years show 4.0% sales tax collections.
• Total November 2022 collections were $2,129,949; November 2023 collections were $2,117,756, down
from the prior year (0.6%).
97
Town of Vail Business Review
November 2022November 2023
Geographic Area Trends by Year
November Sales Tax
Sales Tax by Location
November 2023 Sales Tax
Other Areas
13%
Lionshead
11%
Out of
Town
43%
Vail Village
33%
• Vail Village sales tax increased 5.6%, Lionshead decreased (10.2%), Other Areas decreased (7.3%), and
Out of Town decreased (0.7%). Excluding Out of Town collections, all areas were down (0.5%).
• The figures above reflect 4.5% sales tax.
215,620
241,663
236,093
185,306
164,197
218,068
365,625
526,845
766,998
501,233
456,978
663,571
$0 $100,000 $200,000 $300,000 $400,000 $500,000 $600,000 $700,000 $800,000 $900,000 $1,000,000
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
Vail Village
Out of Town
Lionshead
Other Areas
• This chart shows November sales tax collections by geographic area over time.
• 2022 and 2023 include the 0.5% increase for housing sales tax, depicted in lighter shades. General
4.0% sales tax collections are shown in darker shades.
283,656238,497
917,357690,439
729,107
214,287
911,362
263,000
Other Areas
12%
Lionshead
10%
Out of
Town
43%
Vail Village
35%
98
Retail Business 4.5% Sales Tax Detail
November 2023 Sales Tax
Town of Vail Business Review
Accommodation Services Sales Tax by Year
$0 $50,000 $100,000 $150,000 $200,000 $250,000 $300,000 $350,000
Apparel
$150,481
Grocery
$126,356
Gallery
$9,941
Gifts
$4,447
Jewelry
$30,203
Retail Liquor
$33,437
Retail Other
$392,975
Sporting Goods
$151,040
Online Retailers
$93,712
Retail Home
Occupation
$206
• Overall, November 2023 accommodations services decreased (1.6%) from prior year. Short-term rentals
decreased (1.2%) and hotels and lodges decreased (1.9%).
• 2022 and 2023 include the 0.5% increase for housing sales tax, depicted in lighter shades. General 4.0% sales
tax collections are shown in darker shades.
• Short-term rental sales tax collection numbers include online marketplace facilitators like Airbnb and VRBO.
Revenue collections from facilitators may include some hotels and lodges.
324,721
252,773
Hotel and Lodges
Short-Term Rentals
2023 2022 2021
254,661
319,267
325,478
251,526
99
Retail 146,449.31 126,739.21 15.55%
Lodging 71,977.71 72,403.86 ‐0.59%
F & B 41,786.94 57,067.82 ‐26.78%
Other 2,786.10 27,445.40 ‐89.85%
Total 263,000.06 283,656.29 ‐7.28%
Retail 73,509.38 82,202.34 ‐10.58%
Lodging 81,980.74 87,467.01 ‐6.27%
F & B 55,780.76 66,100.62 ‐15.61%
Other 3,015.72 2,727.40 10.57%
Total 214,286.60 238,497.37 ‐10.15%
Retail 464,782.16 468,809.14 ‐0.86%
Lodging 264,549.51 260,407.19 1.59%
F & B 608.64 739.12 ‐17.65%
Other 181,421.47 187,401.23 ‐3.19%
Total 911,361.78 917,356.68 ‐0.65%
Retail 308,056.13 275,387.43 11.86%
Lodging 152,285.04 159,861.47 ‐4.74%
F & B 265,797.02 251,913.50 5.51%
Other 2,969.14 3,276.57 ‐9.38%
Total 729,107.33 690,438.97 5.60%
Retail 992,796.97 953,138.11 4.16%
Lodging 570,793.00 580,139.53 ‐1.61%
F & B 363,973.36 375,821.06 ‐3.15%
Other 190,192.44 220,850.60 ‐13.88%
Total 2,117,755.77 2,129,949.31 ‐0.57%
Retail Apparel 150,481.05 139,108.72 8.18%
Retail Food 126,355.63 106,370.34 18.79%
Retail Gallery 9,940.69 8,488.56 17.11%
Retail Gift 4,447.04 3,648.23 21.90%
Retail Home Occupation 205.73 234.16 ‐12.14%
Retail Jewelry 30,203.11 26,438.21 14.24%
Retail Liquor 33,436.80 37,658.05 ‐11.21%
Retail Other 392,974.80 395,775.07 ‐0.71%
Retail Sport 151,039.98 147,862.81 2.15%
Retail Online Retailer 93,712.13 87,553.97 7.03%
Total 992,796.97 953,138.12 4.16%
Total ‐ All Areas
Lionshead
Out of Town
Vail Village
Retail Summary
Cascade Village / East Vail / Sandstone / West Vail
Town of Vail Business Review
November 4.5% Sales Tax
2023 Collections 2022 Collections YoY % Change
100